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FAU Institutional Repository FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: © 1995 Queensland Museum. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available and may be cited as: Kelly-Borges, M., & Vacelet, J. (1995). A revision of Diacarnus Burton and Negombata de Laubenfels (Demonspongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from the west-central Pacific and Red Sea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38(2), 477-503. A REVISION OF D/ACARNUSBURTON AND NEGOMBATA DE LAUBENFELS (DEMOSPONGIAE: LA TRUNCULIIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES FROM THE WEST CENTRAL PACIFIC AND THE RED SEA MICHELLE KELLY-BORGES AND JEAN V ACELET Kelly-Borges, M. & Vacelet, J. 1995 12 01: A revision of Diacamus Burton and Negombata de Laubenfels (Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from the west central Pacific and the Red Sea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(2):477-503. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Species previously assigned to the genus Latrunculia, which possess discate microrhabds as the microsclere complement, have been re-evaluated and assigned to Diacamus Burton and Negombata de Laubenfels, which both contain spinulate rather than discate microrhabd microscleres. The type species of Diacamus, Axos spinipoculum Carter, is redescribed, and seven new species are described: D. beilae, D. erythraeanus, D. levii, D. ardoukobae, D. bismarck.ensis, D. tubifera, and D. megaspinorhabdosa, spp. nov. The type species of Negombata, Latrunculia corticata (Carter), is redescribed and the only other known species, Latrunculia magnifica Keller, is transferred to Negombata. Diagnostic morphological char­ acters which emphasize a combination of gross morphology, spicule dimensions, microsclere morphology and disposition, are identified for Diacamus and Negombata and the affinities of these and other latrunculiids, Latrunculia and Sigmosceptrella, are compared to each other and to other demosponges. New locality and species records reveal a remarkably disjunct biogeographic distribution for Diacamus: the greatest diversity of species is found in northern Papua New Guinea and in several Micronesian atolls, but the genus extends east through New Caledonia to Fiji, and south to Port Jackson in south-eastern Australia. Two species of Diacamus are also found in the Red Sea. The genus has not been recorded in the published literature, nor in the extensive unpublished collections known for the Indo-Malay region. 0 Demospongiae, Latrunculiidae, Micronesia, Red Sea. Michelle Kelly-Borges, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom, and Coral Reef Research Foundation, P. 0. Box 70, Weno, Chuuk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia 96942; Jean Vacelet, Centre d'Ocianologie de Marseille, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de Ia Batterie des Uons, Fl3007 Marseille, France; 10 June 1995. However, it is unlikely that acan­ Sponges having discorhabds, dicasters or thomicrorhabds, which are a distinctive feature of spinulate acanthomicrorhabds as microscleres the family as presently recognised, are homolo­ have traditionally been placed within gous in all of these genera. The genus Latrunculia Bocage, Latrunculiidae Topsent. U:ltrunculia, which contains discorhabds, has re­ Distinctive microscleres of Latrunculia bear four ceived several species which are certainly atypi­ whorls of spines frequently united in a disc, on a cal. Two species from the Red Sea. Latrunculia straight axial rod, which are disposed in an erect corticata Carter, 1879 (with its claimed junior layer above the sponge ectosome. U:ltrunculia synonym L magnifica Keller. 1889), and L contains massive sponges with papillae and purpurea Carter. 1881, were isolated in a new sieve-pore areas, with skeletons of monactinal or genus Negombata by de Laubenfels (1936), a rarely diactinal spicules arranged in an irregular distinction which had been suggested long ago by reticulation of poorly defined, somewhat plu­ Ridley and Dendy (1887) and Thiele (1900). De mose, tracts. Other latrunculiids such as Laubenfels differentiated these specimens from Podospongia Bocage, Sigmosceptrella Dendy, U:ltrunculia on the morphology of the and Barbozia Dendy, contain acan­ microscleres which are spinulate sanidaster-like thomicrorhabds. The affinities of these genera acanthomicrorhabds. rather than discate as in have been diversely interpreted, resulting in allo­ U:ltrunculia. The position of Axos spinipoculum cation of the family either in the tetractinomorph (Carter, 1879), transferred to Latrunculia by Hadromerida, following Bergquist ( 1978), or in Hooper (1986), is doubtful. Burton (1934) pro­ the ceractinomorph Poecilosclerida following posed the new genus Diacamus to receive Axos Topsent (1922). spinipoculum Carter in recognition of the charac- 478 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM teristic acanthomicrorhabds which consisted of a collection program contracted to the CRRF. A straight shaft bearing four whorls of spines. complete collection of all OCDN specimens is We have found several sponges in the West located at the Smithsonian Institution (United Central Pacific and in the Red Sea which are States National Museum); Q66C, Specimen sam­ characterised by the possession of spinulate ple numbers for United States National Cancer rhabds, hereafter termed spinorhabds. These Institute shallow-water collection program pre­ microscleres are thin rods with spines or bumps viously contracted to the Australian Institute of scattered irregularly or uniformly in 4 whorls Marine Science, Townsville. This latter collec­ along the shaft. The microscleres of these new tion is now located at the Queensland Museum. sponges are clearly related to those of Axos spinipoculum Carter, Latrunculia ( =Negombata) SYSTEMATICS corticata Carter, and L ( =Negombata) magnifica Keller. These species are re-evaluated in the light Family LATRUNCULIIDAE Topsent of this new material. Diacarnus Burton, 1934 METHODS Diacamus Burton, 1934: 549 Sponges were collected using SCUBA by the authors and the Coral Reef Research Foundation TYPE SPECIES (CRRF), Micronesia, from Chuuk (Truk) State, A.xos spinipoculum Carter, 1879: 286 Micronesia, the Australian Great Barrier Reef, northern and southern Papua New Guinea, New DIAGNOSIS (emended) Caledonia, Fiji, the Philippines, the Red Sea, and Massive spherical or barrel-shaped, lobate-dig­ the Gulf of Aden (Fig. 4). On collection, samples itate, repent-branching, tubular or thickly en­ were preserved in 70% ethanol or in 10% forma­ crusting Latrunculiidae. Surface with single or lin and prepared for histological examination as multiple conules or blunt broad tubercules or described in Kelly-Borges et al. (1994). The dried mounds, microscopically smooth, slippery and holotype of Latrunculia (=Negombata) corticata rubbery. Ostia radiate in stellate formation in (Carter) was reconstituted by prolonged soaking shallow rounded depressions, oscules apical with of a fragment in dilute detergent. The colour low fleshy raised collars, frequently differentially notation for living and preserved specimens fol­ coloured cream, always highly contracted and lows the Rheinhold Colour Atlas (Kornerup & invisible in preserved specimens. Texture ex­ Wanscher, 1961). Spicule dimensions are given tremely tough but elastic. Colour usually pale as mean length (range of length measurements) purple-pink mottled with deep reddish brown and times width (range of width measurements) fol­ yellow brown, interior cream. Megascleres sub­ lowed by the number of spicule measurements tylostrongyles, with a faint subterminal swelling taken. Primary type material has been deposited at proximal end, distal end oxeote or more typi­ in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia, cally strongylote. Microscleres, two size catego­ paratypes and fragment of holotypes, schizotypes ries of spinulate acanthomicrorhabds of some authors, have been deposited in the Nat­ (spinorhabds), smallest category always present ural History Museum, London, and in the and disposed on and below scalloped ectosome­ Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris). choanosome boundary, second larger category, Registration numbers are cited in the text. disposed within the ectosome and choanosome Abbreviations used in the text: QM, Queens­ when present. Skeletal arrangement land Museum, Brisbane; BMNH, Natural History plumoreticulate. Primary fibres, conspicuous, ap­ Museum, London; MNHN, Museum National pearing as vertebrate ligaments in soft flesh. d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; HBOM, Harbor Megascleres are packed and arranged parallel Branch Oceanographic Museum, Fort Pierce, within axis of fibre, spongin barely visible, fibre Florida; SIO, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, is often hollow. Multiple fine dendritic spicule San Diego; NSRC (UPNG), Natural Science tracts emanate from tip of primary fibre as it Resource Centre, University of Papua New passes into ectosome in an umbelliform arrange­ Guinea, Port Moresby; CRRF, Coral Reef Re­ ment, fibres radiating towards surface terminat­ search Foundation, Federated States of Microne­ ing in ectosomal megasclere brushes. Primary sia; OCDN, Specimen sample numbers for United fibres, connected by occasional short secondary States National Cancer Institute shallow-water fibres, or anastomosing with adjacent fibres. REVISION OF DlACARNUS AND NEGOMBATA 479 Ectosome, dense, rubbery, distinct from the un­ form slightly fanned brushes after narrowing to derlying
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