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EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)
EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Editors: Dr Jeroen Stevens Contact information: Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp – K. Astridplein 26 – B 2018 Antwerp, Belgium Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Great Ape TAG TAG Chair: Dr. María Teresa Abelló Poveda – Barcelona Zoo [email protected] Edition: First edition - 2020 1 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (February 2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA APE TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. -
Chimpanzees Are Rational Maximizers in an Ultimatum Game Keith Jensen Et Al
REPORTS sensitive to unfairness and punish proposers who Chimpanzees Are Rational Maximizers make inequitable offers by rejecting those offers at a cost to themselves, and knowing this, pro- in an Ultimatum Game posers make strategic offers that are less likely to be refused. Keith Jensen,* Josep Call, Michael Tomasello The ultimatum game has been used in dozens, possibly hundreds of studies, including 11 12 Traditional models of economic decision-making assume that people are self-interested rational various human cultures ( ) and children ( ). maximizers. Empirical research has demonstrated, however, that people will take into account Testing the ultimatum game on other species the interests of others and are sensitive to norms of cooperation and fairness. In one of the most would be an important contribution to the de- robust tests of this finding, the ultimatum game, individuals will reject a proposed division of a bate on the evolution and possible uniqueness of 6 monetary windfall, at a cost to themselves, if they perceive it as unfair. Here we show that in an human cooperation ( ). Chimpanzees are our ultimatum game, humans’ closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), are rational closest extant relatives and engage in cooperative maximizers and are not sensitive to fairness. These results support the hypothesis that other- behavior such as group hunting, coalitionary 13 regarding preferences and aversion to inequitable outcomes, which play key roles in human social aggression, and territorial patrols ( ). Further- organization, distinguish us from our closest living relatives. more, in experiments they have been shown to coordinate their behavior (14) and to provide help (15, 16). -
Picrotoxin-Like Channel Blockers of GABAA Receptors
COMMENTARY Picrotoxin-like channel blockers of GABAA receptors Richard W. Olsen* Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735 icrotoxin (PTX) is the prototypic vous system. Instead of an acetylcholine antagonist of GABAA receptors (ACh) target, the cage convulsants are (GABARs), the primary media- noncompetitive GABAR antagonists act- tors of inhibitory neurotransmis- ing at the PTX site: they inhibit GABAR Psion (rapid and tonic) in the nervous currents and synapses in mammalian neu- system. Picrotoxinin (Fig. 1A), the active rons and inhibit [3H]dihydropicrotoxinin ingredient in this plant convulsant, struc- binding to GABAR sites in brain mem- turally does not resemble GABA, a sim- branes (7, 9). A potent example, t-butyl ple, small amino acid, but it is a polycylic bicyclophosphorothionate, is a major re- compound with no nitrogen atom. The search tool used to assay GABARs by compound somehow prevents ion flow radio-ligand binding (10). through the chloride channel activated by This drug target appears to be the site GABA in the GABAR, a member of the of action of the experimental convulsant cys-loop, ligand-gated ion channel super- pentylenetetrazol (1, 4) and numerous family. Unlike the competitive GABAR polychlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, antagonist bicuculline, PTX is clearly a including dieldrin, lindane, and fipronil, noncompetitive antagonist (NCA), acting compounds that have been applied in not at the GABA recognition site but per- huge amounts to the environment with haps within the ion channel. Thus PTX major agricultural economic impact (2). ͞ appears to be an excellent example of al- Some of the other potent toxicants insec- losteric modulation, which is extremely ticides were also radiolabeled and used to important in protein function in general characterize receptor action, allowing and especially for GABAR (1). -
Qrno. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 CP 2903 77 100 0 Cfcl3
QRNo. General description of Type of Tariff line code(s) affected, based on Detailed Product Description WTO Justification (e.g. National legal basis and entry into Administration, modification of previously the restriction restriction HS(2012) Article XX(g) of the GATT, etc.) force (i.e. Law, regulation or notified measures, and other comments (Symbol in and Grounds for Restriction, administrative decision) Annex 2 of e.g., Other International the Decision) Commitments (e.g. Montreal Protocol, CITES, etc) 12 3 4 5 6 7 1 Prohibition to CP 2903 77 100 0 CFCl3 (CFC-11) Trichlorofluoromethane Article XX(h) GATT Board of Eurasian Economic Import/export of these ozone destroying import/export ozone CP-X Commission substances from/to the customs territory of the destroying substances 2903 77 200 0 CF2Cl2 (CFC-12) Dichlorodifluoromethane Article 46 of the EAEU Treaty DECISION on August 16, 2012 N Eurasian Economic Union is permitted only in (excluding goods in dated 29 may 2014 and paragraphs 134 the following cases: transit) (all EAEU 2903 77 300 0 C2F3Cl3 (CFC-113) 1,1,2- 4 and 37 of the Protocol on non- On legal acts in the field of non- _to be used solely as a raw material for the countries) Trichlorotrifluoroethane tariff regulation measures against tariff regulation (as last amended at 2 production of other chemicals; third countries Annex No. 7 to the June 2016) EAEU of 29 May 2014 Annex 1 to the Decision N 134 dated 16 August 2012 Unit list of goods subject to prohibitions or restrictions on import or export by countries- members of the -
Jahresbericht 2017 – Sehr Gute Besuchszahlen, Konstante Entwicklung I
Tiergarten Nürnberg Das Jahr 2017 im Tiergarten Nürnberg: sehr gute Besuchszahlen, konstante Entwicklung 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Das Jahr 2017 im Tiergarten Nürnberg: sehr gute Besuchszahlen, konstante Entwicklung Vorworte 2 Dr. Dag Encke, Leitender Direktor, Tiergarten Nürnberg 2 Christian Vogel, Bürgermeister der Stadt Nürnberg 3 Teil 1 | Part 1 5 I. Bildung | Education 5 I.1 Teilnehmende | Participants 5 I.2 Programme | Programms 5 I.3 Weitere Bildungsarbeit | Further educational projects 7 II. Forschung | Research 11 II.1 Forschungsprojekte | Research projects 11 II.2 Kooperationen und Treffen | Co-operation and meetings 12 II.3 Yaqu Pacha 14 III. Tierhaltung | Keeping of animals 17 III.1 Tierbestand | Animal population 17 III.2 Arterhalt | Species conservation 18 III.3 Schlaglichter der Tierpflege 20 III.4 Schlaglichter der Tiermedizin | Veterinary 21 IV. Gesellschaftliche Relevanz | Social relevance 23 IV.1 Kommunikation und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit | 23 Communication and Public relations IV.2 Lobbying und Verbände | Lobbying and associations 27 IV.3 Verein der Tiergartenfreunde Nürnberg e.V. mit Tierpaten | 28 Association of the Friends pf Nuremberg Zoo and Godfathers for animals V. Freizeiteinrichtung | Recreational facility 31 V.1 Besuche und Kundenbindung | Visits and customer loyalty 31 V.2 Baumaßnahmen/Investitionen | Building measures and investments 34 VI. Funktionalität | Functionality 37 Impressum VI.1 Verwaltung | Administration 37 Herausgeber Tiergarten Nürnberg, Am Tiergarten 30, 90480 Nürnberg VI.2 Personal | Staff 37 Telefon (0911) 54 54 6 / Fax (0911) 54 54 802 • www.tiergarten.nuernberg.de VI.3 Konsumtion | Consumption 37 Gestaltung hills&trees design, [email protected] VI.4 Wirtschaftlichkeit (Einnahmen/Ausgaben) | Economics 41 Redaktion Dr. Nicola A. Mögel Teil 2 | Part 2 45 Text Dr. -
Fluorides in the Environment
Color profile: Disabled Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees Fluorides in the Environment A4662 - Weinstein - Vouchers - VP10 #K.prn 1 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4642 - Weinstein\A4662 - Weinstein - Vouchers - VP10 #K.vp Monday, November 10, 2003 3:35:50 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees A4662 - Weinstein - Vouchers - VP10 #K.prn 2 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4642 - Weinstein\A4662 - Weinstein - Vouchers - VP10 #K.vp Monday, November 10, 2003 3:35:50 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees Fluorides in the Environment Effects on Plants and Animals Professor L.H. Weinstein Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA and Professor A. Davison School of Biology Ridley Building University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK CABI Publishing A4662 - Weinstein - Vouchers - VP10 #K.prn 3 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4642 - Weinstein\A4662 - Weinstein - Vouchers - VP10 #K.vp Monday, November 10, 2003 3:35:51 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxon OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.cabi-publishing.org ©L.H. Weinstein and A. Davison 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. -
The Origins of Grammar in Self-Modelling I Am What I Am: the Origins of Grammar in Self-Modelling
Martin Edwardes I Am What I Am: the origins of grammar in self-modelling I Am What I Am: The origins of grammar in self-modelling Language is often identified as a defining difference between humans and nonhumans; but is it a feature with its own evolutionary explanation, or is it an adjunct of some other trait, evolved for reasons only indirectly related to language? Despite Noam Chomsky‟s view that language evolved for thinking1, it is generally believed that language is a product of socialisation, the need for individuals to exchange social information. And, if we look at the social information exchanged, we see forms of modelling that are absent from signalling systems used by other animals. First, there is modelling of the relationships between others: the simple sentence Alf likes Beth requires the receiver not just to recognise a single referent or context, but to bring two conceptualised individuals together and establish a relationship between them. Second, there is modelling of events in the past and future: where other animal signalling is dominated by current events, these play only a small part in human discourse. Third, there is modelling of what-if: we can discuss not just future probabilities and past certainties, but events that are unlikely to, or did not, happen. Fourth, there is modelling of the intentions of others; and fifth, there is modelling of our own self. The question of selfhood has long been recognised as vital to understand what makes us human. Even before Darwin‟s theory of evolution by descent, Wilhelm von Humboldt stated that: … the customary demands of mankind are satisfactorily met by forces of nature and by the mechanical continuation of human activity. -
CAS Number Index
2334 CAS Number Index CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name 50-00-0 905 Formaldehyde 56-81-5 967 Glycerol 61-90-5 1135 Leucine 50-02-2 596 Dexamethasone 56-85-9 963 Glutamine 62-44-2 1640 Phenacetin 50-06-6 1654 Phenobarbital 57-00-1 514 Creatine 62-46-4 1166 α-Lipoic acid 50-11-3 1288 Metharbital 57-22-7 2229 Vincristine 62-53-3 131 Aniline 50-12-4 1245 Mephenytoin 57-24-9 1950 Strychnine 62-73-7 626 Dichlorvos 50-23-7 1017 Hydrocortisone 57-27-2 1428 Morphine 63-05-8 127 Androstenedione 50-24-8 1739 Prednisolone 57-41-0 1672 Phenytoin 63-25-2 335 Carbaryl 50-29-3 569 DDT 57-42-1 1239 Meperidine 63-75-2 142 Arecoline 50-33-9 1666 Phenylbutazone 57-43-2 108 Amobarbital 64-04-0 1648 Phenethylamine 50-34-0 1770 Propantheline bromide 57-44-3 191 Barbital 64-13-1 1308 p-Methoxyamphetamine 50-35-1 2054 Thalidomide 57-47-6 1683 Physostigmine 64-17-5 784 Ethanol 50-36-2 497 Cocaine 57-53-4 1249 Meprobamate 64-18-6 909 Formic acid 50-37-3 1197 Lysergic acid diethylamide 57-55-6 1782 Propylene glycol 64-77-7 2104 Tolbutamide 50-44-2 1253 6-Mercaptopurine 57-66-9 1751 Probenecid 64-86-8 506 Colchicine 50-47-5 589 Desipramine 57-74-9 398 Chlordane 65-23-6 1802 Pyridoxine 50-48-6 103 Amitriptyline 57-92-1 1947 Streptomycin 65-29-2 931 Gallamine 50-49-7 1053 Imipramine 57-94-3 2179 Tubocurarine chloride 65-45-2 1888 Salicylamide 50-52-2 2071 Thioridazine 57-96-5 1966 Sulfinpyrazone 65-49-6 98 p-Aminosalicylic acid 50-53-3 426 Chlorpromazine 58-00-4 138 Apomorphine 66-76-2 632 Dicumarol 50-55-5 1841 Reserpine 58-05-9 1136 Leucovorin 66-79-5 -
Understanding and Sharing Intentions: the Origins of Cultural Cognition
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2005) 28, 000–000 Printed in the United States of America Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition Michael Tomasello, Malinda Carpenter, Josep Call, Tanya Behne, and Henrike Moll Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: We propose that the crucial difference between human cognition and that of other species is the ability to participate with others in collaborative activities with shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality. Participation in such activities requires not only especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural learning, but also a unique motivation to share psychological states with oth- ers and unique forms of cognitive representation for doing so. The result of participating in these activities is species-unique forms of cultural cognition and evolution, enabling everything from the creation and use of linguistic symbols to the construction of social norms and individual beliefs to the establishment of social institutions. In support of this proposal we argue and present evidence that great apes (and some children with autism) understand the basics of intentional action, but they still do not participate in activities involving joint intentions and attention (shared intentionality). Human children’s skills of shared intentionality develop gradually during the first 14 months of life as two ontogenetic pathways intertwine: (1) the general ape line of understanding others as animate, goal-directed, and intentional agents; and (2) a species-unique motivation to share emotions, experience, and activities with other persons. -
Editor-In-Chief Professor Brian Charlesworth Handling Editors
RSBL_9_2_Sample_cover_Mock-up.qxd 27/2/13 4:13 PM Page 2 Editor-in-Chief Professor Brian Charlesworth GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS Handling Editors Selection criteria Categories Professor Nigel Bennett The criteria for selection are scientific excellence, originality and Papers published in Biology Letters will be categorised by subject, Dr Joan Herbers interest across disciplines within biology. Papers are assessed by the which include Editorial Board for suitability before full peer-review. Their • animal behaviour • marine biology Dr Paul Sniegowski recommendations are passed to the Editor. The Editor is responsible Publishing Editor for all editorial decisions and he makes these decisions based on the • biomechanics • molecular evolution Charlotte Wray reports received from the referees and the Editorial Board. • community ecology • neurobiology • conservation biology • palaeontology Editorial Board Publishing format • pathogen biology Biology Letters are published regularly online and in bimonthly print • evolutionary biology Brian Charlesworth, Editor-in-Chief Alex Kacelnik School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Department of Zoology, Oxford University issues. Along with all Royal Society journals, we are committed to • phylogeny Nigel Bennett, Handling Editor Laurent Keller • evolutionary developmental Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne biology Joan Herbers, Handling Editor Tom Little archiving and providing perpetual access. Although the printed • physiology Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh Paul Sniegowski, Handling Editor Martine Maan version of Biology Letters is limited to 2500 words, there is the • genome biology Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania Behavioural Biology, University of Groningen • population ecology Daniel Mennill facility for Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM). -
Behavioral Flexibility in Primates: Causes and Consequences DEVELOPMENTS in PRIMATOLOGY: PROGRESS and PROSPECTS
Behavioral Flexibility in Primates: Causes and Consequences DEVELOPMENTS IN PRIMATOLOGY: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS Series Editor: Russell H. Tuttle University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois This peer-reviewed book series will meld the facts of organic diversity with the continuity of the evolutionary process. The volumes in this series will exemplify the diversity of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches currently employed by primatologists and physical anthropologists. Specific coverage includes: primate behavior in natural habitats and captive settings; primate ecology and conservation; functional morphology and developmental biology of primates; primate systematics; genetic and phenotypic differences among living primates; and paleoprimatology. ALL APES GREAT AND SMALL VOLUME I: AFRICAN APES Edited by Biruté M.F. Galdikas, Nancy Erickson Briggs, Lori K. Sheeran, Gary L. Shapiro and Jane Goodall THE GUENONS: DIVERSITY AND ADAPTATION IN AFRICAN MONKEYS Edited by Mary E. Glenn and Marina Cords ANIMAL MINDS, HUMAN BODIES By W.A. Hillix and Duane Rumbaugh COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE COGNITION Edited by Lesley J. Rogers and Gisela Kaplan ANTHROPOID ORIGINS: NEW VISIONS Edited by Callum F. Ross and Richard F. Kay MODERN MORPHOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Edited by Dennis E. Slice BEHAVIORAL FLEXIBILITY IN PRIMATES: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES By Clara B. Jones Behavioral Flexibility in Primates: Causes and Consequences CLARA B. JONES Fayetteville State University Fayetteville, North Carolina Theoretical Primatology Project Fayetteville, North Carolina Community Conservation, Inc. Gays Mills, Wisconsin Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jones, Clara B. Behavioral flexibility in primates : causes and consequences / Clara B. Jones. p. cm.—(Developments in primatology) Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-387-23297-4 1. Primates—Behavior. -
The Evolution of Primate Societies
The Evolution of Primate Societies The Evolution of Primate Societies Edited by John C. Mitani, Josep Call, Peter M. Kappeler, Ryne A. Palombit, and Joan B. Silk The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London John C. Mitani is the James N. Spuhler Collegiate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. Josep Call is a senior scientist and director of the Wolfgang Kohler Primate Research Centre at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Peter M. Kappeler is head of the Department of Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology/Anthropology at the University of Gottingen. Ryne A. Palombit is associate professor of anthropology at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Joan B. Silk is professor in the Department of Anthropology and the Institute for Society and Genetics at the University of California, Los Angeles. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2012 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2012. Printed in the United States of America 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN- 13: 978-0-226-53171-7 (cloth) ISBN- 13: 978-0-226-53172-4 (paper) ISBN- 10: 0-226-53171-6 (cloth) ISBN- 10: 0-226-53172-4 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The evolution of primate societies / edited by John C. Mitani, Josep Call, Peter M. Kappeler, Ryne A. Palombit, and Joan B. Silk. pages ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-226-53171-7 (cloth : alkaline paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-53171-6 (cloth : alkaline paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-53172-4 (paperback : alkaline paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-53172-4 (paperback : alkaline paper) 1.