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Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina by W
.'.' .., Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie RUTILE GUMMITE IN GARNET RUBY CORUNDUM GOLD TORBERNITE GARNET IN MICA ANATASE RUTILE AJTUNITE AND TORBERNITE THULITE AND PYRITE MONAZITE EMERALD CUPRITE SMOKY QUARTZ ZIRCON TORBERNITE ~/ UBRAR'l USE ONLV ,~O NOT REMOVE. fROM LIBRARY N. C. GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY Information Circular 24 Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie Raleigh 1978 Second Printing 1980. Additional copies of this publication may be obtained from: North CarOlina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Geological Survey Section P. O. Box 27687 ~ Raleigh. N. C. 27611 1823 --~- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SECTION The Geological Survey Section shall, by law"...make such exami nation, survey, and mapping of the geology, mineralogy, and topo graphy of the state, including their industrial and economic utilization as it may consider necessary." In carrying out its duties under this law, the section promotes the wise conservation and use of mineral resources by industry, commerce, agriculture, and other governmental agencies for the general welfare of the citizens of North Carolina. The Section conducts a number of basic and applied research projects in environmental resource planning, mineral resource explora tion, mineral statistics, and systematic geologic mapping. Services constitute a major portion ofthe Sections's activities and include identi fying rock and mineral samples submitted by the citizens of the state and providing consulting services and specially prepared reports to other agencies that require geological information. The Geological Survey Section publishes results of research in a series of Bulletins, Economic Papers, Information Circulars, Educa tional Series, Geologic Maps, and Special Publications. -
Program and Abstracts
The Atlantic Geoscience Society (AGS) La Société Géoscientifique de l’Atlantique 45th Colloquium and Annual Meeting Special Sessions: • Special Session: In Memory of Dr. Trevor MacHattie (1974 - 2018) • Paleontology and Sedimentology in Atlantic Canada: In Memory of Dr. Ron Pickerill (1947 – 2018) • Current Research in Carboniferous Geology in the Atlantic Provinces • Minerals, metals, melts, and fluids associated with granitoid rocks: new insights from fundamental studies into the genesis, melt fertility, and ore-forming processes • Earth Science Outreach in the Maritime Provinces • Geohazards: Recent and Historical General Sessions: Current Research in the Atlantic Provinces February 7-9, 2019 Fredericton Inn, Fredericton, New Brunswick PROGRAM WITH ABSTRACTS We gratefully acknowledge sponsorship from the following companies and organizations: Department of Energy and Resource Development Geological Surveys Branch Department of Energy and Mines Department of Energy and Mines Geological Surveys Division Petroleum Resources Division Welcome to the 45th Colloquium and Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Geoscience Society in Fredericton, New Brunswick. This is a familiar place for AGS, having been a host several times over the years. We hope you will find something to interest you and generate discussion with old friends and new. AGS members are clearly pushing the boundaries of geoscience in all its branches! Be sure to take in the science on the posters and the displays from sponsors, and don’t miss the after-banquet jam and open mike on Saturday night. For social media types, please consider sharing updates on Facebook and Twitter (details in the program). We hope you will be able to use the weekend to renew old acquaintances, make new ones, and further the aims of your Atlantic Geoscience Society. -
Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States—A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective
The Principal Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States—A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective Gd Pr Ce Sm La Nd Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5220 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover photo: Powders of six rare earth elements oxides. Photograph by Peggy Greb, Agricultural Research Center of United States Department of Agriculture. The Principal Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States—A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective By Keith R. Long, Bradley S. Van Gosen, Nora K. Foley, and Daniel Cordier Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5220 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This report has not been reviewed for stratigraphic nomenclature. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Suggested citation: Long, K.R., Van Gosen, B.S., Foley, N.K., and Cordier, Daniel, 2010, The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States—A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective: U.S. -
The Turquoise-Chalcosiderite-Planerite
СПИСАНИЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКО ДРУЖЕСТВО, год. 80, кн. 3, 2019, с. 48–50 REVIEW OF THE BULGARIAN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, vol. 80, part 3, 2019, p. 48–50 Национална конференция с международно участие „ГЕОНАУКИ 2019“ National Conference with international participation “GEOSCIENCES 2019” The turquoise-chalcosiderite-planerite solid-solution series in samples from Chala deposit, Eastern Rhodopes Тюркоаз-халкосидерит-планеритова серия от твърди разтвори в образци от находище Чала, Източни Родопи Yana Tzvetanova1, Louiza Dimowa1, Elena Tacheva1, Iskra Piroeva2, Ognyan Petrov1, Aleksandar Nikolov1 Яна Цветанова1, Луиза Димова1, Елена Тачева1, Искра Пироева2, Огнян Петров1, Александър Николов1 1 Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Keywords: turquoise, chalcosiderite, planerite, crystal chemistry, phosphates. Introduction quoise was also reported from the Obichnik depos- it, Zvezdel-Pcheloyad ore field, Eastern Rhodopes The turquoise group, as redefined by Foord and (Kunov, Mandova, 1997). Taggart (1998), consists of 6 members: planerite, The present study aims to show the crystal chem- turquoise, faustite, aheylite, chalcosiderite and an istry of green mineral from the turquoise group from 2+ 3+ unnamed Fe –Fe analogue with the general for- Chala deposit (Spahievo ore field) with particular at- mula A0–1B6(PO4)4–x(PO3OH)x(OH)8 4H2O, where tention to planerite end-member that was approved 2+ x = 0–2. Blue turquoise has Cu at the A position and by the IMA CNMMN as a revalidated mineral in 3+ Al at the B position, whereas green⋅ chalcosiderite 1984. -
Geology of Barium, Strontium, and Fluorine Deposits in Canada
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY REPORT 34 GEOLOGY OF BARIUM, STRONTIUM, AND FLUORINE DEPOSITS IN CANADA K.R. DAWSON 1985 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1985 Available in Canada through authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores or by mail from Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada Ottawa, Canada KlA OS9 and from Geological Survey of Canada offices: 60 l Booth Street Ottawa, Canada KlA OE8 3303-33rd Street N. W., Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A7 100 West Pender Street Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 1R8 (mainly B.C. and Yukon) A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Cat. No. M43-34/1985E Canada: $13.00 ISBN 0-660-11902-1 Other countries: $15.60 Price subject to change without notice Critical Readers R.I. Thorpe K.M. Dawson G.F. Leech D.C . Findlay Original manuscript submitted: 1981 - 07 Approved for publication: 1983 - 04 Preface Preface Barium, strontium and fluorine have many industrial Le baryum, le strontium et le fluor connaissent de applications. All have been produced in Canada during this nombreuses utilisations industrielles. Le Canada en a produit century but at present our needs for strontium chemicals, tout au long du siecle m2is ii doit actuellement en importer, crude fluorite and fluorine chemicals are met by imports, principalement du Mexique et des Etats-Unis, pour subvenir a mainly from Mexico and the United States. ses besoins de derives chimiques de strontium et de fluorine , ainsi que de fluor brut. Barite is primarily employed in the heavy drilling muds La barytine est surtout utilisee par l'industrie used in the petroleum exploration industry. -
Fluorwavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F⋅5H2O
Fluorwavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F⋅5H2O Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. Prismatic crystals display {010}, (110}, and {101}, to 3 mm. Commonly in radial or bow-tie-like sprays. Physical Properties: Essentially identical to wavellite in appearance and physical properties. Cleavage: Perfect on {110}, good on {101} and {010}. Tenacity: Brittle. Fracture: Uneven to conchoidal. Hardness = 3.5 D(meas.) = 2.30(1) D(calc.) = 2.345 Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). α = 1.522(1) β = 1.531(1) γ = 1.549(1) 2V(meas.) = 71(1)° 2V(calc.) = 71.2° Orientation: X = b, Y = a, Z = c. Pleochroism: None. Dispersion: Weak, r > v. Cell Data: Space Group: Pcmm. a = 9.6311(4) b = 17.3731(12) c = 9.9946(3) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Silver Coin mine or Wood mine, USA (unspecified). 8.53 (100), 3.223 (41), 3.430 (28), 2.580 (28), 5.65 (26), 4.81 (17), 2.101 (16) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) Al2O3 36.79 36.68 36.94 P2O5 34.66 34.31 34.29 F 4.74 4.08 4.59 H2O [26.65] [26.52] 26.11 -O = F2 2.00 1.72 1.93 Total 100.84 99.87 100.00 (1) Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Humboldt County, Nevada, USA; average of 9 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, H2O calculated from structure; corresponds to Al2.96(PO4)2(OH)1.98F1.02·5H2O. (2) Wood mine, Cocke County, Tennessee, USA; average of 9 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy and CHN analysis, H2O calculated from structure; corresponds to Al2.98(PO4)2(OH)2.11F0.89·5H2O. -
Wavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH, F)3 • 5H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Wavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH, F)3 • 5H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. Euhedral crystals uncommon, short to long prismatic, elongated and striated k [001], with {010}, {110}, {101}, {111}, {121}, with many {hk0} forms, to several mm. Commonly in flat to spherical radial aggregates, to 3 cm; may be stalactitic, in crusts, rarely opaline massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {110}; good on {101}; distinct on {010}. Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3.5–4 D(meas.) = 2.36 D(calc.) = 2.37 Optical Properties: Translucent. Color: White, greenish white, green, yellow, yellowish brown, turquoise-blue, brown, brownish black, may be zoned; colorless in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous to resinous, pearly. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak; X = greenish; Z = yellowish. Absorption: X > Z. Orientation: X = b; Y = a; Z = c. Dispersion: r> v,weak. α = 1.518–1.535 β = 1.524–1.543 γ = 1.544–1.561 2V(meas.) = 60◦–72◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P cmn. a = 9.621(2) b = 17.363(4) c = 6.994(3) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Black River Falls, Jackson Co., Wisconsin, USA. 8.67 (100), 8.42 (100), 3.22 (60), 5.65 (50), 3.42 (42), 4.81 (25), 2.573 (25) Chemistry: (1) (2) P2O5 33.40 34.46 Al2O3 37.44 37.12 Fe2O3 0.64 F 2.79 H2O 26.45 28.42 −O=F2 1.17 Total 99.55 100.00 • (1) Clonmel, Ireland. -
Wisconsin Wavellite
Wisconsin Wavellite When rock hounds think of wavellite, they usually think of the green "lime slice" clusters from Arkansas. But wavellite occurs in other places, including Wisconsin. The Wisconsin material, although not as attractive as that from Arkansas, provides a valuable lesson in how this mineral forms. Wavellite is a hydrated aluminum-rich phosphate. The Wisconsin wavellite occurs as cream colored botryoidal to stalactitic crusts within sandstone of the Eau Claire Formation (Klemic and Mrose, 1972). It is found at the base of a long mound extending from Merillan to Black River Falls, Jackson County, Wisconsin. In these places scattered wavellite specimens can be collected on hill slopes or in low roadcuts. I became interested in this occurrence because I thought wavellite might be widespread within this formation. The wavellite is inconspicuous and easily overlooked by someone unaware of its presence. A student at U.W.R.F., Candy Schwantes, began work by specifically looking for wavellite at many localities where the Eau Claire Formation is exposed in western Wisconsin. After surveying over 40 spots, the Merrillan-Black River Falls sites were still the only places where wavellite was found. We concluded that its formation must relate to local, rather than regional, conditions. One thing that struck both Candy and I about the wavellite area was the spots of intense red coloration in the sandstone overlying the wavellite occurrences. This red coloration was iron oxide formed by the breakdown of pyrite or marcasite. As a result, sulfuric acid is released. This sandstone also contains fossil shell fragments made of the phosphate mineral, apatite. -
A Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of the Phosphate Mineral Zanazziite Â
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 104 (2013) 250–256 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/saa A vibrational spectroscopic study of the phosphate mineral 2+ 2+ zanazziite – Ca2(MgFe )(MgFe Al)4Be4(PO4)6Á6(H2O) ⇑ Ray L. Frost a, , Yunfei Xi a, Ricardo Scholz b, Fernanda M. Belotti c, Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes Filho d a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Queensland 4001, Australia b Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil c Federal University of Itajubá, Campus Itabira, Itabira, MG 35903-087, Brazil d Geology Department, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil highlights graphical abstract " We have analyzed the phosphate mineral zanazziite and determined its formula. " The mineral was studied by electron microprobe, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. " Multiple bands in the bending region supports the concept of a reduction in symmetry of phosphate anion. article info abstract Article history: Zanazziite is the magnesium member of a complex beryllium calcium phosphate mineral group named Received 13 August 2012 roscherite. The studied samples were collected from the Ponte do Piauí mine, located in Itinga, Minas Ger- Accepted 5 November 2012 ais. The mineral was studied by electron microprobe, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The chemical for- Available online 5 December 2012 mula can be expressed as Ca2.00(Mg3.15,Fe0.78,Mn0.16,Zn0.01,Al0.26,Ca0.14)Be4.00(PO4)6.09(OH)4.00Á5.69(H2O) and shows an intermediate member of the zanazziite–greinfeinstenite series, with predominance of zan- Keywords: azziite member. -
Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis
Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis Arnt Kern & Ian Madsen This document was presented at PPXRD - Pharmaceutical Powder X-ray Diffraction Symposium Sponsored by The International Centre for Diffraction Data This presentation is provided by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with the authors and presenters of the PPXRD symposia for the express purpose of educating the scientific community. All copyrights for the presentation are retained by the original authors. The ICDD has received permission from the authors to post this material on our website and make the material available for viewing. Usage is restricted for the purposes of education and scientific research. PPXRD Website – www.icdd.com/ppxrd ICDD Website - www.icdd.com Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis Limitations in accuracy and precision are mostly experimental • Mathematical basis and methodology of quantitative phase analysis is well established and work OK • Errors arise during application of methods ("PICNIC") Sample related errors • The material is not an "ideal powder" • Preferred orientation • Particle statistics • ... • Absorption • ... Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis Operator errors • Incomplete / wrong phase identification The Reynolds Cup – what is needed to win? Mark D Raven and Peter G Self 29 July 2014 CSIRO LAND AND WATER / MINERALS RESOURCES FLAGSHIPS Non clay minerals (2002-2012) • Quartz (18) • Gypsum (2) • Apatite (1) • K-feldspar (13) • Anhydrite (2) • Tourmaline (2) • Plagioclase (14) • Alunite (1) • Zircon (2) • Calcite -
Mineral Resource Inventory of Cape York Peninsula
NATURAL RESOURCES ANALYSIS PROGRAM (NRAP) MINERAL RESOURCE INVENTORY \ OF CAPE YORK PENINSULA T.J. Denaro Department of Minerals and Energy Queensland 1995 CYPLUS is a joint initiative of the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments CAPE YORK PENINSULA LAND USE STRATEGY (CYPLUS) Natural Resources Analysis Program MINERAL RESOURCE INVENTORY OF CAPE YORK PENINSULA T.J. Denaro Department of Minerals and Energy Queensland 1995 CYPLUS is a joint initiative of the Qumland and Commonwealth Governments Final report on project: NR04 - MINERAL RESOURCE INVENTORY Recommended citation: Denaro, T. J. (1995). 'Mineral Resource Inventory of Cape York Peninsula'. (Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy, Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland, Brisbane, Department of the Environment, Sport and Temtories, Canberra, and Department of Minerals and Energy, Queensland, Brisbane.) Note: Due to the timing of publication, reports on other CYPLUS projects may not be fully cited in the BIBLIOGRAPHY section. However, they should be able to be located by author, agency or subject. ISBN 0 7242 6200 8 'g The State of Queensland and Commonwealth of Australia 1995. Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any means without the prior written permission of the Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland and the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Office of the Co-ordinator General, Government of Queensland PO Box 185 BRISBANE ALBERT STREET Q 4002 The Manager, Commonwealth Information Services GPO Box 84 CANBERRA ACT 2601 CAPE YORK PENINSULA LAND USE STRATEGY STAGE I PREFACE TO PROJECT REPORTS Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy (CYPLUS) is an initiative to provide a basis for public participation in planning for the ecologically sustainable development of Cape York Peninsula. -
02 - a FLUOR-POOR WAVELLITE in PHOSPHATE-RICH IRON CRUSTS in AMAZON - 05-29-2020 GMGA - Grupo De Mineralogia E Geoquímica Aplicada
02 - A FLUOR-POOR WAVELLITE IN PHOSPHATE-RICH IRON CRUSTS IN AMAZON - 05-29-2020 GMGA - Grupo de Mineralogia e Geoquímica Aplicada - http://gmga.com.br 02 - A FLUOR-POOR WAVELLITE IN PHOSPHATE-RICH IRON CRUSTS IN AMAZON http://gmga.com.br/02-a-fluor-poor-wavellite-in-phosphate-rich-iron-crusts-in-amazon/ 10.31419/ISSN.2594-942X.v72020i1a2MLC Marcondes Lima da Costa1*, Alessandro Sabá Leite2, Ronny Kaden3, Herbert Poellmann3, Nilson F. 4 5 Botelho , Daniel Chaves Santos 1Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil, [email protected], [email protected] 2PPGG/IG, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil, [email protected] 3Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle an der Saale, Germany, [email protected] 4 Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil, [email protected] 5Phosfaz, Bonito, Pará, [email protected] *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The minerals of the alunite supergroup, which comprises aluminum phosphates and sulphates (APS), which in turn constitute the groups/series of crandallite-goyazite, woodhouseite-svanbergite and wardite- millisite, involve more than forty minerals, which are formed under the hydrothermal to supergenic conditions. Among the supergenics are the lateritic formations, being the Gurupi region, or more precisely Northeast of Pará and Northwest of Maranhão, in the Eastern Amazon a world classic geological example. Here, in addition to the minerals of these groups or series, senegalite, augelite, variscite and also wavellite occur. The latter, however, is always restricted, while the others may form a characteristic horizon. At the Sapucaia phosphate mine in Bonito, Pará, this mineral is presented in beautiful centimeter druses.