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Front Matter Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin , Peter L. Read Frontmatter More Information Zonal Jets Phenomenology, Genesis, and Physics In recent decades, great progress has been made in our understanding of zonal jets across many disciplines – atmospheric science, oceanography, planetary science, geophysical uid dynamics, plasma physics, magnetohydrodynamics, turbulence theory – but communica- tion between researchers from different elds has been weak or non-existent. Even the terminology may be so disparate that researchers working on similar problems do not understand each other. This comprehensive, multidisciplinary volume will break cross- disciplinary barriers and aid the advancement of the subject. It presents a state-of-the-art summary of all relevant branches of the physics of zonal jets, from the leading experts. The phenomena and concepts are introduced at a level accessible to beginning graduate students and researchers from different elds. The book also includes a very extensive bibliography. BORIS GALPERIN is an associate professor in the College of Marine Science at the Uni- versity of South Florida, where he has received two Outstanding Research Achievement Awards. He discovered a deep similarity between zonal jets in oceans and on giant planets, conducts laboratory investigations emulating geophysical and planetary ows, and is a co- developer of an analytical theory of anisotropic turbulence that explains observed spectra up to numerical coefcients. PETER L. READ is a professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford. He is best known for research on laboratory analogues of atmospheric and oceanic circu- lation, and for studies of the dynamics of almost all Solar System planets (including the Earth). He was a co-investigator on the Cassini and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter missions. He was awarded the Adrian Gill Prize of the Royal Meteorological Society and the Lewis Fry Richardson Medal of the European Geosciences Union for interdisciplinary contribu- tions to the nonlinear dynamics of rotating uids and planetary atmospheres. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin , Peter L. Read Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin , Peter L. Read Frontmatter More Information ZONAL JETS Phenomenology, Genesis, and Physics Edited by BORIS GALPERIN University of South Florida, St. Petersburg PETER L. READ University of Oxford, Oxford © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin , Peter L. Read Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06-04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107043886 DOI: 10.1017/9781107358225 © Cambridge University Press 2019 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2019 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Galperin, Boris, editor. | Read, Peter L., 1953– editor. Title: Zonal jets : phenomenology, genesis, and physics / edited by Boris Galperin (University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg), Peter L. Read (University of Oxford, Oxford). Description: Cambridge ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identiers: LCCN 2018039871| ISBN 9781107043886 (hardback) | ISBN 9781107619562 (pbk.) Subjects: LCSH: Jets. | Zonal winds. | Jet stream. | Winds. | Water jets. | Turbulence. Classication: LCC QC935 .Z66 2019 | DDC 551.51/83–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018039871 ISBN 978-1-107-04388-6 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin , Peter L. Read Frontmatter More Information CONTENTS List of Contributors page ix Foreword xiii Acknowledgments xv List of Abbreviations xvii Dedications: Raymond Hide and Gareth P. Williams xix I Introduction 1 The World of Jets 3 BORIS GALPERIN AND PETER L. READ II Zonal Jets in Nature 2 Terrestrial Atmospheres 9 JONATHAN L. MITCHELL, THOMAS BIRNER, GUILLAUME LAPEYRE, NOBORU NAKAMURA, PETER L. READ, GWENDAL RIVIÈRE, AGUSTÍN SÁNCHEZ-LAVEGA AND GEOFFREY K. VALLIS 3 Oceans 46 PETER C. CORNILLON, ERIC FIRING, ANDREW F. THOMPSON, LEONID M. IVANOV, IGOR KAMENKOVICH, CHRISTIAN E. BUCKINGHAM AND YAKOV D. AFANASYEV 4 Gas Giants 72 AGUSTÍN SÁNCHEZ-LAVEGA, LAWRENCE A. SROMOVSKY, ADAM P. SHOWMAN, ANTHONY D. DEL GENIO, ROLAND M. B. YOUNG, RICARDO HUESO, ENRIQUE GARCÍA-MELENDO, YOHAI KASPI, GLENN S. ORTON, NAIARA BARRADO-IZAGIRRE, DAVID S. CHOI AND JOHN M. BARBARA 5 Exoplanets and the Sun 104 JAMES Y-K. CHO, HEIDAR TH. THRASTARSON, TOMMI T. KOSKINEN, PETER L.READ, STEVEN M. TOBIAS, WOOSOK MOON AND JACK W. SKINNER III Jets in Laboratories 6 Zonal Jet Flows in the Laboratory: An Introduction 119 PETER L. READ 7 Convectively Driven Turbulence, Rossby Waves and Zonal Jets: Experiments on the Coriolis Platform 135 PETER L. READ, JOEL SOMMERIA AND ROLAND M. B. YOUNG 8 Turbulence, Rossby Waves and Zonal Jets on the Polar β-Plane: Experiments with Laboratory Altimetry 152 YAKOV D. AFANASYEV © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin , Peter L. Read Frontmatter More Information vi Contents 9 Zonal Jets in the Laboratory: Experiments with Electromagnetically Forced Flows 167 STEFANIA ESPA, GABRIELLA DI NITTO, BORIS GALPERIN AND JESSE HOEMANN IV Zonal Flows in Magnetically Confined Plasmas 10 Theory 181 PAUL W. TERRY 11 Experiments 194 TERESA ESTRADA V Genesis and Maintenance of Zonal Jets: Turbulence and Instabilities 12 General Results on Zonation in Rotating Systems with a β-Effect and the Electromagnetic Force 209 BIN CHENG AND ALEX MAHALOV 13 Barotropic and Zonostrophic Turbulence 220 BORIS GALPERIN, SEMION SUKORIANSKY, ROLAND M. B. YOUNG, REI CHEMKE, YOHAI KASPI, PETER L. READ AND NADEJDA DIKOVSKAYA 14 Zonal Jet Formation by Potential Vorticity Mixing at Large and Small Scales 238 RICHARD K. SCOTT AND DAVID G. DRITSCHEL 15 Radiating Instability 247 JINBO WANG, MICHAEL A. SPALL, JOSEPH PEDLOSKY AND IGOR KAMENKOVICH 16 Modulational Instability in Basic Plasma and Geophysical Models 255 BRENDA E. QUINN, SERGEY V. NAZARENKO, COLM P. CONNAUGHTON, STEVEN GALLAGHER AND BOGDAN HNAT 17 β-Plume Mechanism of Zonal Jet Creation by a Spatially Localized Forcing 266 YAKOV D. AFANASYEV AND LEONID M. IVANOV 18 Meridional Propagation of Zonal Jets in Ocean Gyres 284 BALASUBRAMANYA T. NADIGA AND DAVID N. STRAUB 19 Dynamics of Baroclinic Multiple Zonal Jets 292 PAVEL BERLOFF AND IGOR KAMENKOVICH VI Genesis and Maintenance of Zonal Jets: Statistical Theories 20 Statistical Closures and Zonal Flows 309 JOHN A. KROMMES AND JEFFREY B. PARKER 21 Direct Statistical Simulation of a Jet 332 J. BRAD MARSTON, WANMING QI AND STEVEN M. TOBIAS 22 Zonal Flows as Statistical Equilibria 347 FREDDY BOUCHET AND ANTOINE VENAILLE © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin , Peter L. Read Frontmatter More Information Contents vii 23 Zonostrophy and Other Quadratic Invariants in Drift and Quasi-Geostrophic Wave Turbulence 360 KATIE L. HARPER, BRENDA E. QUINN, SERGEY V. NAZARENKO AND MIGUEL D. BUSTAMANTE 24 Kinetic Theory and Quasi-Linear Theories of Jet Dynamics 368 FREDDY BOUCHET, CESARE NARDINI AND TOMÁS TANGARIFE 25 Statistical State Dynamics: A New Perspective on Turbulence in Shear Flow 380 BRIAN F. FARRELL AND PETROS J. IOANNOU 26 Zonal Flow as Pattern Formation 401 JEFFREY B. PARKER AND JOHN A. KROMMES 27 Emergence of Nonzonal Coherent Structures 419 NIKOLAOS A. BAKAS AND PETROS J. IOANNOU VII Material Transport in Flows with Jets 28 Anisotropic and Inhomogeneous Eddy-Induced Transport in Flows with Jets 437 IGOR KAMENKOVICH, PAVEL BERLOFF AND IRINA I. RYPINA 29 Turbulence, Diffusion and Mixing Barriers in Flows with Zonal Jets 450 BORIS GALPERIN, SEMION SUKORIANSKY, STEFANIA ESPA, GUGLIELMO LACORATA, NADEJDA DIKOVSKAYA AND JESSE HOEMANN References 461 Index 502 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04388-6 — Zonal Jets Edited by Boris Galperin
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