Stanley Keith Runcorn FRS (1922-1995)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Prometheus Bomb: the Manhattan Project and Government in the Dark / Neil J
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and University of Nebraska Press Chapters 2016 The rP ometheus Bomb Neil J. Sullivan Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Sullivan, Neil J., "The rP ometheus Bomb" (2016). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 348. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/348 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Buy the Book Buy the Book The Manhattan Project and Government in the Dark NEIL J. SULLIVAN Potomac Books AN IMPRINT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA PRESS Buy the Book © 2016 by Neil J. Sullivan All illustrations are from Wikimedia Commons. All rights reserved. Potomac Books is an imprint of the University of Nebraska Press. Manufactured in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Sullivan, Neil J., 1948– author. Title: The Prometheus bomb: the Manhattan Project and government in the dark / Neil J. Sullivan. Description: Lincoln: Potomac Books, An imprint of the University of Nebraska Press, 2016. Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2016020649 isbn 9781612348155 (cloth: alkaline paper) isbn 9781612348902 (epub) isbn 9781612348919 (mobi) isbn 9781612348926 (pdf) Subjects: lcsh: Manhattan Project (U.S.)— History. | Atomic bomb— United States— History. | Atomic bomb— Government policy— United States— History. | United States— Military policy. | Science and state— United States. -
Imaginative Geographies of Mars: the Science and Significance of the Red Planet, 1877 - 1910
Copyright by Kristina Maria Doyle Lane 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Kristina Maria Doyle Lane Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: IMAGINATIVE GEOGRAPHIES OF MARS: THE SCIENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RED PLANET, 1877 - 1910 Committee: Ian R. Manners, Supervisor Kelley A. Crews-Meyer Diana K. Davis Roger Hart Steven D. Hoelscher Imaginative Geographies of Mars: The Science and Significance of the Red Planet, 1877 - 1910 by Kristina Maria Doyle Lane, B.A.; M.S.C.R.P. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2006 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to Magdalena Maria Kost, who probably never would have understood why it had to be written and certainly would not have wanted to read it, but who would have been very proud nonetheless. Acknowledgments This dissertation would have been impossible without the assistance of many extremely capable and accommodating professionals. For patiently guiding me in the early research phases and then responding to countless followup email messages, I would like to thank Antoinette Beiser and Marty Hecht of the Lowell Observatory Library and Archives at Flagstaff. For introducing me to the many treasures held deep underground in our nation’s capital, I would like to thank Pam VanEe and Ed Redmond of the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. For welcoming me during two brief but productive visits to the most beautiful library I have seen, I thank Brenda Corbin and Gregory Shelton of the U.S. -
E-Region Auroral Ionosphere Model
atmosphere Article AIM-E: E-Region Auroral Ionosphere Model Vera Nikolaeva 1,* , Evgeny Gordeev 2 , Tima Sergienko 3, Ludmila Makarova 1 and Andrey Kotikov 4 1 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 199397 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 2 Earth’s Physics Department, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 3 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 981 28 Kiruna, Sweden; [email protected] 4 Saint Petersburg Branch of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The auroral oval is the high-latitude region of the ionosphere characterized by strong vari- ability of its chemical composition due to precipitation of energetic particles from the magnetosphere. The complex nature of magnetospheric processes cause a wide range of dynamic variations in the auroral zone, which are difficult to forecast. Knowledge of electron concentrations in this highly turbulent region is of particular importance because it determines the propagation conditions for the radio waves. In this work we introduce the numerical model of the auroral E-region, which evaluates density variations of the 10 ionospheric species and 39 reactions initiated by both the solar extreme UV radiation and the magnetospheric electron precipitation. The chemical reaction rates differ in more than ten orders of magnitude, resulting in the high stiffness of the ordinary differential equations system considered, which was solved using the high-performance Gear method. The AIM-E model allowed us to calculate the concentration of the neutrals NO, N(4S), and N(2D), ions + + + + + 4 + 2 + 2 N ,N2 , NO ,O2 ,O ( S), O ( D), and O ( P), and electrons Ne, in the whole auroral zone in the Citation: Nikolaeva, V.; Gordeev, E.; 90-150 km altitude range in real time. -
Appendix I Glossary
Appendix I Glossary Editor: A.P.M. Baede A → indicates that the following term is also contained in this Glossary. Adjustment time centrimetric precision. Altimetry has the advantage of being a See: →Lifetime; see also: →Response time. measurement relative to a geocentric reference frame, rather than relative to land level as for a →tide gauge, and of affording quasi- Aerosols global coverage. A collection of airborne solid or liquid particles, with a typical size between 0.01 and 10 µm and residing in the atmosphere for Anthropogenic at least several hours. Aerosols may be of either natural or Resulting from or produced by human beings. anthropogenic origin. Aerosols may influence climate in two ways: directly through scattering and absorbing radiation, and Atmosphere indirectly through acting as condensation nuclei for cloud The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. The dry formation or modifying the optical properties and lifetime of atmosphere consists almost entirely of nitrogen (78.1% volume clouds. See: →Indirect aerosol effect. mixing ratio) and oxygen (20.9% volume mixing ratio), The term has also come to be associated, erroneously, with together with a number of trace gases, such as argon (0.93% the propellant used in “aerosol sprays”. volume mixing ratio), helium, and radiatively active →greenhouse gases such as →carbon dioxide (0.035% volume Afforestation mixing ratio), and ozone. In addition the atmosphere contains Planting of new forests on lands that historically have not water vapour, whose amount is highly variable but typically 1% contained forests. For a discussion of the term →forest and volume mixing ratio. The atmosphere also contains clouds and related terms such as afforestation, →reforestation, and →aerosols. -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Exponential Sums After Bombieri and Iwaniec Astérisque, Tome 198-199-200 (1991), P
Astérisque M. N. HUXLEY Exponential sums after Bombieri and Iwaniec Astérisque, tome 198-199-200 (1991), p. 165-175 <http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AST_1991__198-199-200__165_0> © Société mathématique de France, 1991, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la collection « Astérisque » (http://smf4.emath.fr/ Publications/Asterisque/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’uti- lisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright. Article numérisé dans le cadre du programme Numérisation de documents anciens mathématiques http://www.numdam.org/ EXPONENTIAL SUMS AFTER BOMBIERI AND IWANIEC by M.N. HUXLEY BOMBIERI and IWANIEC [BI1, BI2] obtained 9 = 9/56 for the Lindelof exponent (the least 9 for which the Riemann zeta function satisfies C(l/2 + i<) = 0(te+£) as <->oo.) They remarked that their method might not be special to the Lindelof problem; in fact, as the saying goes, "they wrought [worked] better than they knew". To show that one property is uniformly distributed with respect to another property, one forms exponential sums 2M-1 5 = e{f[m)) , (1) M where e(x) = exp 2nix, f(m) = TF(m/M) with F(x) in the function class Cn[l — <5,2 + 6] for some 6 > 0 and n > 4. The case F(x) = log x gives Dirichlet series. If F(x) is a polynomial of degree d with rational coefficients, denominator g, and if T = Md, then the sum 5 is approximately MSJq , where Sq is a complete exponential sum with denominator q. -
Annual Report 2013.Pdf
ATOMIC HERITAGE FOUNDATION Preserving & Interpreting Manhattan Project History & Legacy preserving history ANNUAL REPORT 2013 WHY WE SHOULD PRESERVE THE MANHATTAN PROJECT “The factories and bombs that Manhattan Project scientists, engineers, and workers built were physical objects that depended for their operation on physics, chemistry, metallurgy, and other nat- ural sciences, but their social reality - their meaning, if you will - was human, social, political....We preserve what we value of the physical past because it specifically embodies our social past....When we lose parts of our physical past, we lose parts of our common social past as well.” “The new knowledge of nuclear energy has undoubtedly limited national sovereignty and scaled down the destructiveness of war. If that’s not a good enough reason to work for and contribute to the Manhattan Project’s historic preservation, what would be? It’s certainly good enough for me.” ~Richard Rhodes, “Why We Should Preserve the Manhattan Project,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 2006 Photographs clockwise from top: J. Robert Oppenheimer, General Leslie R. Groves pinning an award on Enrico Fermi, Leona Woods Marshall, the Alpha Racetrack at the Y-12 Plant, and the Bethe House on Bathtub Row. Front cover: A Bruggeman Ranch property. Back cover: Bronze statues by Susanne Vertel of J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves at Los Alamos. Table of Contents BOARD MEMBERS & ADVISORY COMMITTEE........3 Cindy Kelly, Dorothy and Clay Per- Letter from the President..........................................4 -
Junior Ranger Book Is for All Ages
National Park Service Manhattan Project U.S. Department of the Interior National Historical Park NM, TN, WA Manhattan Project National Historical Park JUNIORat Hanford, RANGERWashington Turn the page to accept this mission Welcome friends! My name is Atom U235 Fission. I will be your guide as we explore the Hanford site of the Manhattan JR JR RANGER Manhattan a Project N Project National Historical Park G SITE, WA ER together. This project was So big it changed the world! How to earn points This junior ranger book is for all ages. You may find some activities harder than others. That’s okay. You choose what activities to complete by earning enough points for your age. 4 points —— ages 6-8 Points needed 6 points —— ages 9-11 to earn a badge 8 points —— ages 12-14 10 points —— ages 15 and older ACTIVITIES POINT VALUE YOUR POINTS Complete activities in 1 activity = the Junior Ranger Book. 1 pt Join a docent tour or 1 pt ranger program. Total: Watch a park film. 1 pt Download the park’s app. Learn about our other locations. 1 pt This QR code will take you to the free National Park Service app. Once you have the app, search for the Manhattan Project to explore the entire park including sites in New Mexico, Tennessee, and Washington. WHEN FINISHED: Return your book to the visitor center and be sworn in as an official junior ranger. PARENTS: Participate with your aspiring junior ranger to learn about this park as a family. NEED MORE TIME? Mail your book to Manhattan Project National Historical Park, 2000 Logston Blvd. -
Aeronomy and Astrophysics
Aeronomy and astrophysics A southern high-latitude geomagnetic index: AES-80 C.G. MACLENNAN, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 P. B ALLATORE, Istito de Fisica della Spazio Interplanetario, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerche, c.p. 27, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy M.J. ENGEBRETSON, Department of Physics, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454 L.J. LANZEROTTI, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 eomagnetic measurements obtained at McMurdo Sta- G tion (Arrival Heights) and at two of the U.S. automatic geophysical observatories (AGO-1; AGO-4) are being com- bined with measurements made at Casey and Dumont D'Urville to construct a Southern Hemisphere geomagnetic index for the geomagnetic latitude 80°S. The calculation of the index is modeled on the calculation of the Northern Hemi- sphere auroral electrojet index AE and is thus called the AES- 80 index. The AE index was developed to monitor geomagnetic activity at auroral zone latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (Davis and Sugiura 1966) and indicates the level of auroral electrojet currents and in particular the occurrence of sub- storms (Baumjohann 1986). It is calculated as the difference between the upper (AU) and the lower (AL) envelope of mag- netograms from 12 observatories located at northern geomag- netic latitudes between 60° and 70° and rather uniformly distributed over all longitudes. Because of the land mass dis- tribution in Antarctica, it is impossible to have ground obser- vatories located uniformly at geomagnetic latitudes between 60° and 70°S (see figure 1). Unlike in the Northern Hemisphere, Figure 1. Map of Antarctica, with the stations used to calculate the however, it is possible in Antarctica to have reasonable ground AES-80 index shown as filled circles. -
The Ship 2014/2015
A more unusual focus in your magazine this College St Anne’s year: architecture and the engineering skills that make our modern buildings possible. The start of our new building made this an obvious choice, but from there we go on to look at engineering as a career and at the failures and University of Oxford follies of megaprojects around the world. Not that we are without the usual literary content, this year even wider in range and more honoured by awards than ever. And, as always, thanks to the generosity and skills of our contributors, St Anne’s College Record a variety of content and experience that we hope will entertain, inspire – and at times maybe shock you. My thanks to the many people who made this issue possible, in particular Kate Davy, without whose support it could not happen. Hope you enjoy it – and keep the ideas coming; we need 2014 – 2015 them! - Number 104 - The Ship Annual Publication of the St Anne’s Society 2014 – 2015 The Ship St Anne’s College 2014 – 2015 Woodstock Road Oxford OX2 6HS UK The Ship +44 (0) 1865 274800 [email protected] 2014 – 2015 www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk St Anne’s College St Anne’s College Alumnae log-in area Development Office Contacts: Lost alumnae Register for the log-in area of our website Over the years the College has lost touch (available at https://www.alumniweb.ox.ac. Jules Foster with some of our alumnae. We would very uk/st-annes) to connect with other alumnae, Director of Development much like to re-establish contact, and receive our latest news and updates, and +44 (0)1865 284536 invite them back to our events and send send in your latest news and updates. -
Stanley Keith Runcorn FRS (1922-1995)
Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Stanley Keith Runcorn FRS (1922-1995) VOLUME 11 Section G: Societies and organisations by Timothy E. Powell and Caroline Thibeaud NCUACS catalogue no. 104/3/02 S.K. Runcorn 124 NCUACS 104/3/02 SECTION G SOCIETIES AND ORGANISATIONS G.1-G.732 G.1 ACADEMIA EUROPAEA G.2-G.6 AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION G.7-G.11 BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE G.12-G.63 COSPAR (COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH) G.64-G.67 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY: ENERGY TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT UNIT G.68-G.76 EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY G.77 EUROPEAN PLANETARY GEOLOGY CONSORTIUM G.78-G.111 EUROPEAN SCIENCE FOUNDATION G.112-G.1S3 EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY G.1S4-G.230 INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION G.231-G.277 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS G.278 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES G.279-G.294 INTER-UNION COMMISSION FOR STUDIES OF THE MOON G .29S-G .300 JOINT SERVICES WEST-EAST SAHARA EXPEDITION G.301, G.302 LIBERAL PARTY G.303-G.311 LUNAR SCIENCE INSTITUTE S.K. Runcorn 125 NCUACS 104/3/02 Societies and organisations G.312 METEORITICAL SOCIETY G.313 MINERALOLOGICAL SOCIETY G.314-G.319 MINISTRY OF SUPPLY G.320 MUSEUM OF NORTHERN ARIZONA G.321-G.333 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) G.334-G.338 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION G.339-G.342 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION (NATO) G.343 NUFFIELD FOUNDATION G.344-G.365 POI\ITIFICAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES G.366 PROVINCIAAL UTRECHTS GENOOTSCHAP VAN KUISTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN G.367-G.386 ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY G.387-G.731 ROYAL SOCIETY G.732 STANDING CONFERENCE OF PROFESSORS OF PHYSICS S.K.