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Acorn Electron Service Manual

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Acorn Electron Service Manual Electron Service Manual Part no 0405001 Issue no 2 Date January 1987 © Copyright Acorn Computers Limited 1984 Neither the whole or any part of the information contained in, or the product described in, this manual may be adapted or reproduced in any material form except with the prior written approval of Acorn Computers Limited (Acorn Computers). The product described in this manual and products for use with it are subject to continuous development and improvement. All information of a technical nature and particulars of the product and its use (including the information and particulars in this manual) are given by Acorn Computers in good faith. However, it is acknowledged that there may be errors or omissions in this manual. A list of details of any amendments or revisions to this manual can be obtained upon request from Acorn Computers Technical Enquiries. Acorn Computers welcome comments and suggestions relating to the product and this manual. All correspondence should be addressed to: Technical Enquiries Acorn Computers Limited Fulbourn Road Cherry Hinton Cambridge CB1 4JN All maintenance and service on the product must be carried out by Acorn Computers' authorised dealers. Acorn Computers can accept no liability whatsoever for any loss or damage caused by service or maintenance by unauthorised personnel. This manual is intended only to assist the reader in the use of the product, and therefore Acorn Computers shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever arising from the use of any information or particulars in, or any error or omission in, this manual, or any incorrect use of the product. This manual is for the sole use of Acorn Computers' authorised dealers and must only be used by them in connection with the product described within. This manual remains the property of Acorn Computers at all times and must be returned to them immediately upon the termination of the dealer's appointment. First published 1984 Published by Acorn Computers Limited Typeset by Bateman Typesetters, Cambridge Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Packaging and installation 2 3 Specification 3 3.1 Acorn Electron microcomputer 3 3.2 Machine operating system 3 3.3 BASIC 4 3.4 Power supply 4 3.5 Cassette interface 4 3.6 Video outputs 4 Modulated output 4 Composite video 5 Colour monitor 5 3.7 Audio output 5 3.8 Environment 5 4 Disassembly and assembly 6 5 Circuit description 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 PCB links 7 6 The uncommitted logic array (ULA) 8 7 Electron test equipment 9 8 Fault finding inside a dead Electron 10 8.1 Power supply 10 8.2 Oscillator 10 8.3 ULA 10 8.4 CPU 11 8.5 ROM 11 8.6 DRAMs 11 8.7 Video 11 8.8 Cassette interface 13 8.9 Keyboard 14 8.10 Sound 14 Appendix Diagnostic flowcharts 15 Final assembly 25 Electron block diagram 27 Functional block diagram of the Electron ULA 29 Main PCB circuit diagram 31 Main PCB layout 33 Main PCB silk-screen 35 Electron power supply board circuit diagram 37 Keyboard matrix 39 Electron parts lists 41 1 Introduction This manual is intended to provide the information required to diagnose and repair faults on the Electron microcomputer which was designed by Acorn Computers Limited of Cambridge, England. The information contained in this manual is aimed at service engineers and Acorn dealers who will be servicing the Electron microcomputer on behalf of Acorn Computers Limited. 2 Packaging and installation The Electron microcomputer is supplied in a two-part moulded polystyrene packing which is further packaged within a cardboard sleeve. Supplied with the microcomputer is a User Guide, a book called Start Programming with the Electron, an Introductory Cassette package, a UHF TV lead, and a mains power adapter. The mains supply for UK models is 240V AC 50Hz. Power is delivered to the microcomputer from a separate mains power adapter which has a built-in square pin plug. This plug cannot be changed, and if it is unsuitable for the socket outlet available then an adapter must be used. The output from the mains power adapter is 19V AC 50Hz at 14 watts. The lead on the mains power adapter plugs into the microcomputer in a socket on the right side. This socket is labelled 19V.A. C. POWER IN on the bottom of the machine. Do not use the microcomputer in conditions of extreme heat, cold, humidity or dust or in places subject to vibration. Do not block ventilation under or behind the computer. Ensure that no foreign objects are inserted through any openings in the microcomputer. 2 3 Specification 3.1 Acorn Electron microcomputer A fast, powerful, self-contained computer system generating high resolution colour graphics and capable of synthesising music or noise. The computer is contained in a rigid injection moulded thermoplastic case. The computer provides the following facilities. A 56-key full travel QWERTY keyboard with ten user definable function keys, two-key rollover, and auto- repeat. The internal loudspeaker is driven from a music synthesis circuit with envelope control. A modulated 625-line PAL A UHF colour television signal (channel E36) for connection to a normal domestic television aerial socket is available through a phono connector. A 6-pin DIN RGB connector supplies output for use with a colour monitor. A phono connector supplies a video output to drive a black and white monitor. A standard audio cassette recorder can be used to record computer programs and data files at 1200 baud using the CUTS standard tones. The cassette recorder is under automatic motor control and is connected to the computer via a 7-pin DIN connector. An interrupt driven elapsed time clock enables real time control and timing of user responses. The unit uses a 2MHz 6502 and includes 32K of read/write Random Access Memory. A 32K Read Only Memory (ROM) integrated circuit contains an extensive and powerful machine operating system, and an extremely powerful and fast BASIC interpreter. The interpreter includes a 6502 assembler which enables BASIC statements to be freely mixed with 6502 assembly language. The standard television output is 625-line 50Hz, interlaced, fully encoded PAL, modulated on UHF channel 36. The display modes provide user definable characters in addition to the standard upper and lower case alphanumeric font. Graphics may be freely mixed with text. Text characters can be positioned not only on, for example, a 40 X 32 grid, but at any intermediate position in graphics modes. Separate or overlapping text and graphics windows can be easily user defined over any area of the display. Each of these windows may be filled and scrolled separately. The Electron is able to support the following modes: 0 640 X 256 two-colour graphics and 80 X 32 text (20K) 1 320 X 256 four-colour graphics and 40 X 32 text (20K) 2 160 X 256 sixteen-colour graphics and 20 X 32 text (20K) 3 80 X 25 two-colour text (16K) 4 320 X 256 two-colour graphics and 40 X 32 text (10K) 5 160 X 256 four-colour graphics and 20 X 32 text (10K) 6 40 X 25 two-colour text (8K) The installed RAM is divided between the high resolution graphics display, the users program, and machine operating system variables. The MOS requires 3.5K of RAM. 3.2 Machine operating system A 32K byte ROM is used for both the MOS and the BASIC interpreter. The MOS software controls all input/output devices using a well defined interface. The MOS supports the following interrupts: – Event timer (used as elapsed time clock). – Vertical sync. 3 – Keyboard and keyboard buffer. – Serial interface, input and output, and buffers. Many of the operating system calls are vectored to enable the user to change them if required. 3.3 BASIC The BASIC interpreter is a fast implementation, very close to Microsoft standard but with numerous powerful extensions: – Long variable names. – Integer, floating point and string variables. – Multi-dimension integer, floating point and string arrays. – Extensive support for string handling. — IF...THEN...ELSE. — REPEAT...UNTIL. – Multi-line integer, floating point and string functions. – Procedures. – Local variables. – Full recursion on all functions and procedures. – Effective error trapping and handling. – Cassette loading and saving of programs and data. – Full support for the extensive colour graphics facilities. – Easy control of the built-in music generation circuits. – Built-in 6502 mnemonic assembler enabling BASIC and assembler to be mixed, or pure assembly language programs to be produced. 3.4 Power supply Transformer: Maximum AC input 264V AC Minimum AC input 216V AC Rating 14 watts Supply frequency 47 to 63Hz Power supply module: Maximum AC input 20.9V RMS Minimum AC input 17.1V RMS Maximum current +5V rail – 1.5A –5V rail – 100mA 3.5 Cassette interface Output impedance Less than 1k ohms Input impedance Greater than 100k ohms Output level Nominal 200mV peak to peak, 70mV RMS Dynamic input range Nominal 50mV to 5V peak to peak, –25 to +15dB, 0dB 350mV RMS Motor control By miniature relay within computer Contact rating 1A at 24V DC Baud rate 1200 baud using standard CUTS tones Connector 7-pin DIN socket 3.6 Video outputs Modulated output Standard 625-line PAL A UHF colour television signal Channel E36 Vision carrier Nominal 591.25MHz RF output 1.0 to 2.5mV 6db bandwidth 15 to 20MHz RF output impedance 75 ohms Connector Phono 4 Composite video Output level Nominal 1V peak to peak Output impedance Nominal 75 ohms Option Chrominance information (wire selectable) allows composite PAL monitors to be used Connector Phono Colour monitor RGB signals TTL type levels CSYNC signal TTL type level +ve/–ve going (link selectable) Connector 6-pin DIN 3.7 Audio output Loudspeaker 1.5" diameter Impedance 16 ohms Rating 0.2 watt Output power Nominal 0.1 watt maximum (from computer) Note: Sound circuit is largely independent of loudspeaker impedance.
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