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Chrysophycean Stomatocysts from Morskie Oko and ¯Abie Oko Lakes in the Tatra National Park, Poland

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Chrysophycean Stomatocysts from Morskie Oko and ¯Abie Oko Lakes in the Tatra National Park, Poland Vol. 74, No. 4: 305-314, 2005 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 305 CHRYSOPHYCEAN STOMATOCYSTS FROM MORSKIE OKO AND ¯ABIE OKO LAKES IN THE TATRA NATIONAL PARK, POLAND JOLANTA CABA£A Department of Phycology W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: January 19, 2005. Accepted: August 17, 2005) ABSTRACT Sixteen chrysophycean stomatocysts are reported from the lakes Morskie Oko and ¯abie Oko in the Tatra Na- tional Park, Poland. Of these, six morphotypes are new to Poland, and two morphotypes plus one forma are new to science. These stomatocysts are illustrated with SEM micrographs and described according to International Stato- spore Working Group (ISWG) guidelines. The comparison of stomatocyst community between Morskie Oko and ¯abie Oko lakes is given. KEY WORDS: stomatocysts, algae, Chrysophytes, new morphotypes, Tatra National Park, Poland. INTRODUCTION in the Dolina Kocieliska valley no stomatocysts have been detected, neither by LM and SEM studies. In opposition, in This paper is a continuation of studies devoted to chryso- the Morskie Oko and ¯abie Oko lakes the stomatocysts phycean stomatocysts occurring in various water reservoirs were observed and the results of their examination are in the Tatra National Park. The investigations started in shown and discussed in the present paper. Additionally, the 2003 because the area of Tatra Mts., with unique nature state of studies on algae flora of the two lakes is briefly re- and numerous glacial lakes, was presumed to contain a re- viewed as follows: markable stomatocyst composition. Previously only few data about cysts found in these mountains were reported in Brief review on algal studies the phycological literature, e.g. by Wo³oszyñska (1939), in the Morskie Oko and ¯abie Oko lakes Szklarczyk-Gazdowa (1960) and Wasylik (1965). Alas, Morskie Oko Phycological studies in the Morskie Oko these authors provided only brief information about stoma- lake date back to the end of 19th century; the pioneering tocysts of chrysophycean algae co-occurring with other al- investigations were started by Józef Rostafiñski, Eugen gae, but without precise descriptions or photographic docu- Daday and Roman Gutwiñski (Siemiñska 1970a). In that mentation. In few cases they gave only line drawings, time Gutwiñski (1909, 1913) recorded most numerous al- which are useless for identification of stomatocysts. gae, giving information on about 215 taxa belonging mo- In 2003 numerous samples of water have been collected stly to Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyta, Chrysophytes and in various parts of the Tatra National Park, including Staw Desmidiaceae. He included a number of species from the Toporowy Ni¿ni lake, Staw Toporowy Wy¿ni peat bog, littoral and pelagial zones and distinguished algae charac- ród³o Lodowe spring, moss community with Palustriella teristic for plankton of Morskie Oko lake. The very intere- commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra in the Dolina Kocieliska val- sting taxonomical studies on Dinophyta were conducted by ley, Morskie Oko lake and ¯abie Oko lake. The examina- Wo³oszyñska (1919, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1952), who tion of stomatocyst composition in the Staw Toporowy described inter alia some taxa new for science, including Ni¿ni lake revealed 36 stomatocysts, of which 7 were new Asterionella formosa Hass. var. tatrica Wo³oszyñska, Mal- to science, 10 new to Europe and 13 new to Poland (Caba- lomonas akrokosmos Ruttner fo. tatrica Wo³oszyñska, ³a and Pi¹tek 2004). Similar studies in the Staw Toporowy Massartia schilleri Wo³oszyñska, Gymnodinium frigidum Wy¿ni peat bog have shown 31 stomatocysts, including 10 Wo³oszyñska, G. tatricum Wo³oszyñska and G. polonicum new to science, 5 new to Europe and 3 new to Poland (Ca- Wo³oszyñska. Next studies were made by Bilý (1941), ba³a 2005). In the ród³o Lodowe spring and in the moss Wasylik (1965) and Kawecka (1966). The latter author community with Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra brought information on 131 taxa of Bacillariophyceae, 306 STOMATOCYSTS FROM TATRA NATIONAL PARK Caba³a J. Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta associated with leaves of Po- (1965, 1977) recorded 153 taxa of algae, of which 86.3% tamogeton sp. floating on the water of Morskie Oko lake. were diatoms, 6.3% green algae, 4.6% red algae, 1.3% yel- Some remarkable algae were reported from this lake by low-brown algae and 0.6% aquatic fungi. In addition to Siemiñska (1958, 1962, 1970a), who found among others these studies Wo³owski et al. (2002) found six taxa of Pe- such an interesting taxon as Bulbochaete basispora Wit- diastrum species in the fossil Quaternary sediments from trock & Lundel. In the subsequent years she paid special the peat bog surrounding the ¯abie Oko lake. Amongst attention to chrysophytes of Morskie Oko lake, listing two them was Pediastrum orientale (Skuja) Jankovská & unusual species like Pseudokephyrion tatricum (Juri) Star- Komárek, reported in that work for the first time from Po- mach, Bitrichia chodatii (Reverdin) Chodat and describing land. one species new for science, Pseudokephyrion pawlowskii Siemiñska (Siemiñska 1970b). The real number of species of algae recorded so far in the Morskie Oko lake is hard to MATERIAL AND METHODS estimate because of different taxonomical concepts used during over one hundred years of studies on these organi- The material was collected on 23 August 2003 from two sms in the lake. neighbouring lakes (Fig. 1) situated and characterized as follows: ¯abie Oko The algae flora of this lake is almost com- 1. Morskie Oko lake, lying at the 1395 m a.s.l., is the pletely unknown. The only information on the extant algae biggest and the most known lake in the Tatra Mts., located from this small lake was found in the work of Wo³oszyñ- in the Dolina Rybiego Potoku valley. It covers an area of ska (1919), who reported one species of Dinophyta, viz. 34.93 ha and is 862 m long and 566 m wide, with maxi- Gymnodinium tatricum. However, it should be mentioned mum depth of 50.8 m (medium 28.4 m) (Wit-Jówikowa et that from the neighbouring Rybi Potok stream Kawecka al. 1962). A PL CZ UA SK A HU RO The Carpathians B 49°20 Sub-Tatra trough Morskie Oko High Tatras ¯abie Oko Western Tatras 49°12 Fig. 1. A location of the study area in the Carpathians. B location of Morskie Oko 0 5 km 19°54 20°00 and ¯abie Oko lakes in the Tatra National Park. Vol. 74, No. 4: 305-314, 2005 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 307 2. ¯abie Oko lake, lying at the 1392.8 m a.s.l, is located Negative number: ZO/d-14. in the Dolina Rybiego Potoku valley, north of the Morskie Number of specimens: 2. Oko lake. It covers an area of 0.2 ha with maximum depth Locality: ¯abie Oko lake, sediment from the bottom (0-10 of 3.3 m (medium 0.9 m) (Wit-Jówikowa et al. 1962). cm deep). From each lake samples of water were collected into 120 Description: This stomatocyst is a smooth and spherical, ml plastic containers from four microhabitats, including (i) 3.9 µm in diameter. The pore is a concave, 0.3 µm in dia- surface water, (ii) water from beneath the surface (30-40 meter. cm deep), (iii) sediment from the bottom of the lakes (0-10 References: This stomatocyst has been found in Canada, cm deep), and (iv) water squeezed from water plants (algal U.S.A., Greenland (Duff et al. 1995), central Europe (Fa- mats and mosses). cher et al. 1996a), Austria (Kamenik et al. 2001), the Spa- SEM-micrographs were taken in the Laboratory of Field nish part of Pyrenees (Pla 2001), Poland (Caba³a 2002) and Emission, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanaly- in Svalbard lakes (Betts-Piper et al. 2004). sis at the Institute of Geological Sciences of the Jagiello- nian University. SEM-preparation was made as indicated Stomatocyst 22, Hansen 2001 (Figs 4-5) in Caba³a and Pi¹tek (2004). Stomatocysts were measured Negative number: MO/r-08 (forma A), MO/d-06 (forma B) and described from SEM-micrographs according to Inter- Number of specimens: 5. national Statospore Working Group (ISWG) guidelines Locality: Morskie Oko lake, sediment from the bottom (0- (Cronberg and Sandgren 1986), and according to the taxo- 10 cm deep) and water squeezed from plants. nomy of Caba³a (2002, 2003a, b), Caba³a et al. (2004), Description: This stomatocyst is an oval to obovate, 8.1- Duff et al. (1995), Facher et al. (1996a, b), Vorobyova et 8.4×7.1-7.9 µm. The pore is deep with a planar pseudoan- al. (1996), van de Vijver et al. (1997a, b, 2000), Mroziñska nulus, 0.5-0.7 µm in diameter. et al. (1998), Hansen (2001), Kamenik et al. (2001), Pla Notes: The shape of the cyst body is obovate, not spherical (2001), Wilkinson et al. (2001) and Wo³owski et al. as in original description. The ornamentation was variable (2004). New stomatocysts, not previously published, were in various specimens, some of them were smooth while assigned numbers from Caba³a J. (Caba³a 2005), beginning others have scattered small verrucae. Therefore I propose with stomatocyst #29 Caba³a J., and are cited as this pa- to divide them into two formae as follows: per. Number of specimens refers to the number of SEM- Forma A: The cyst body is unornamented, and its surface micrographs used for the description of the stomatocysts. is completely smooth (Fig. 4). Negatives are deposited in the Iconotheca of Algae **Forma B, Caba³a J., this paper: This forma is very simi- (KRAM) in the Department of Phycology of the W. Szafer lar to forma A, but is ornamented with verrucae (Fig.
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