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AACCCCEESSSS22MMOOUUNNTTAAIINN Sustainable Mobility and Tourism in Sensitive Areas of the Alps and the Carpathians: “Sustainable transport: Integration possibilities of existing narrow-gauge railways lines, traditional railway lines and alternative transport routes in the Polish-Slovak border region with particular consideration of Podkarpackie Voivodeship in Poland and the Presov region in Slovakia” WP 4 | Act. 4.2 FINAL VERSION Rzeszow Regional Development Agency Rzeszow (19.08.2013) “Sustainable transport: integration possibilities of existing narrow-gauge railways lines, traditional railway lines and alternative transport routes in the Polish-Slovak border region with particular consideration of Podkarpackie Voivodeship in Poland and the Presov region in Slovakia” Document Revision/Approval Version Date Status Date Status 1 22.05.2013 Final Polish Version 22.05.2013 approved 2 19.08.2013 Final English 19.08.2013 approved Version Impressum: Authors: Rzeszów Regional Development Agency Ul. Szopena 51, 35-959 Rzeszów Participating project partners: Lead partner U-AT - Environment Agency Austria, AT ERDF partner bmvit - Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology, AT ERDF partner Gesäuse - National Park Gesäuse, AT ERDF partner Mostviertel - Mostviertel-Tourism Ltd., AT ERDF partner Miskolc Holding - Miskolc Holding Local Government Asset Management Corporation, HUN ERDF partner UNICAM - University of Camerino, IT ERDF partner EURAC research – European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano, IT ERDF partner CJIT Maramures - County Center for Tourism Information, RO ERDF partner ARR-KE - Agency for the Support of Regional Development Kosice, SK 20% ERDF partner RARR-PL - Rzeszow Regional Development Agency, PL 10% partner TIMOK -Timok Club, RS 10% partner CFUA - Carpathian Foundation Ukraine, UA The project enjoys widespread support at transnational, national and regional level: the Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention, Focal Points of the Carpathian Convention, European Federation of Museum and Tourist Railways, Ministries of Environment (AT, IT), Ministries of Transport (SI, PL) and other observers at the regional level of the project partners. The content of this report is the sole responsibility of the Access2Mountain consortium and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union/European Commission nor is the Managing Authority of the SEE Programme liable for any use that may be made of the information contained in this report. “Sustainable transport: integration possibilities of existing narrow-gauge railways lines, traditional railway lines and alternative transport routes in the Polish-Slovak border region with particular consideration of Podkarpackie Voivodeship in Poland and the Presov region in Slovakia” page 2 Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION – AN idea OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN PROTECTED AREAS IN THE ASPECT OF THE FIELD OF STUDIES ............................................................ 5 2. POLISH-SLOVAK BORDERLAND – LOCATION AND ATTRACTIVENESS FOR TOURISTS ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1. Natural values and nature protection system .............................................................. 7 2.2. Anthropogenic values .......................................................................................................... 14 2.3. Tourist infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 18 3. TOURIST TRAFFIC IN THE POLISH-SLOVAK BORDERLAND AREA ..........................27 4. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE BORDERLAND PROTECTED AREAS .........................................................................................................................30 5. REALISED PROJECTS ON SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN THE POLISH-SLOVAK BORDERLAND ....................................................................................................................................36 6. THE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING BORDERLAND TRANSPORTATION LINES ...............40 6.1. Railway lines ............................................................................................................................ 40 6.2. Narrow-gauge railways ....................................................................................................... 42 6.2.1. The Przeworsk Commuter Rail (PCR) ........................................................................ 42 6.2.2. The Bieszczady Forest Rail (BFR) ................................................................................ 46 6.2.3. The Tatra Electric Railway .............................................................................................. 50 6.2.4. Historická Lesná Uvraťová Železnica in Nowa Bystrzyca – the Vychylovce and the Orava Forest Rail ............................................................................................................ 52 6.3. Bus lines .................................................................................................................................... 54 7. THE COORDINATION POSSIBILITIES ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TIMETABLE TRANSPORTATION LINES IN pODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP AND IN THE PRESOV REGION ................................................................................................................................................58 7.1. Zakopane – Szczyrbskie Pleso and Zakopane – Tatrzańska Łomnica lines ... 58 7.2. Liptowski Mikulasz – Poprad – Szczyrbskie Pleso and Liptowski Mikulasz – Szczyrba – Szczyrbskie Pleso lines .......................................................................................... 60 7.3. Sanok – Cisna line (The Bieszczady Forest Rail) ...................................................... 62 7.4. Rzeszów – Przeworsk and Przemyśl - Przeworsk lines (the Przeworsk Commuter Rail) ............................................................................................................................... 63 8. POTENTIAL POSSIBILITIES OF CONNECTING PRESENT INFRASTRUCTURE OF PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP AND THE PRESOV REGION ...........................................66 8.1. Proposals of the Przeworsk Commuter Rail transboundary connections with the Bieszczady Forest Rail ................................................................................................. 66 “Sustainable transport: integration possibilities of existing narrow-gauge railways lines, traditional railway lines and alternative transport routes in the Polish-Slovak border region with particular consideration of Podkarpackie Voivodeship in Poland and the Presov region in Slovakia” page 3 8.2. Proposals of transboundary connections with the Tatra Electric Railway in Slovakia .............................................................................................................................................. 70 8.3. Potential marketing activities of the proposed transportation lines system and strategic partnership ............................................................................................................ 72 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................78 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY .........................................................................................................................80 Index of figures ................................................................................................................................82 Index of tables ..................................................................................................................................82 11. ANNEXES .....................................................................................................................................84 “Sustainable transport: integration possibilities of existing narrow-gauge railways lines, traditional railway lines and alternative transport routes in the Polish-Slovak border region with particular consideration of Podkarpackie Voivodeship in Poland and the Presov region in Slovakia” page 4 1. INTRODUCTION – AN IDEA OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN PROTECTED AREAS IN THE ASPECT OF THE FIELD OF STUDIES Since a half of 1970s changes in economic development strategies of many world countries1 have been observed. Conceptions based on economic growth give way to conceptions of sustainable development. Above all, more and more numerous strong threats of natural environment cause that phenomenon. Sustainable development (ecodevelopment) means socioeconomic development compliant with natural conditions, not damaging ecological balance and facilitating survival of future generations. In practice, it means such resources and environment values management which does not expose future generations to their loss. That idea is applied in various areas of economy, including tourism (sustainable tourism) and transport (sustainable transport). Sustainable tourism relates to every form of tourist activity and management which supports ecological, social and economic integrity of areas. One of the indicators of sustainable development in tourism is a so-called local mobility – an introduction of additional sorts of transport and lines for tourists as well as the region’s inhabitants by which these regions are becoming more accessible, competitive and as a consequence, attractive for tourists. A primary damage caused in natural environment (particularly in protected areas) is emission