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ADVERTIMENT. La Consulta D'aquesta Tesi Queda Condicionada a L ADVERTIMENT . La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ( www.tesisenxarxa.net ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA . La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ( www.tesisenred.net ) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING . On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX ( www.tesisenxarxa.net ) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author PhD Thesis Energy storage systems integration into PV power plants Hector Beltran San Segundo Barcelona, October 2011 Energy Storage Systems Integration into PV Power Plants Hector Beltran San Segundo Supervisors: Dr. Pedro Rodríguez Cortés & Dr. Enrique Belenguer Balaguer Dissertation submitted to the PhD Doctorate Offf ice of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA Electrical Engineering Department Research CCenter on Renewable Electrical Energy Systems OCTOBER 2011 Energy storage systems integration into PV power plants ISBN: --. Research Projects: ENE 2008-06841-C02/ALT and TRA2009- 0103 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and P1-1A2008-11 of the Fundació Caixa Castelló-Bancaixa. Copyright © Hector Beltran San Segundo, 2011 Printed in Catalonia by the DEE-UPC October 2011 UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA (UPC) Electrical Engineering Department (DEE) Research Center on Renewable Electrical Energy Systems (REES) Gaia Building, 3rd floor Rambla de Sant Nebridi, s/n 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain. Web: http://seer.upc.edu ACTA DE QUALIFICACIÓ DE LA TESI DOCTORAL Reunit el tribunal integrat pels sota signants per jutjar la tesi doctoral: Títol de la tesi: Energy storage systems integration into PV power plants Autor de la tesi: Hector Beltran i San Segundo Acorda atorgar la qualificació de: No apte Aprovat Notable Excel·lent Excel·lent Cum Laude Barcelona,…… de….................…………….. de 2011 El President El Secretari El vocal ........................ ........................ ........................ (nom i cognoms) (nom i cognoms) (nom i cognoms) A la Carol … Quan surts per fer el viatge cap a Ítaca, Més lluny, heu d'anar més lluny has de pregar que el camí sigui llarg, dels arbres caiguts que ara us empresonen, ple d'aventures, ple de coneixences. i quan els haureu guanyat tingueu ben present no aturar-vos. Has de pregar que el camí sigui llarg, Més lluny, sempre aneu més lluny, que siguin moltes les matinades més lluny de l'avui que ara us encadena. que entraràs en un port I quan sereu deslliurats que els teus ulls ignoraven, torneu a començar els nous passos. i vagis a ciutats Més lluny, sempre molt més lluny, per aprendre dels que saben. més lluny del demà que ara s'acosta. I quan creieu que arribeu, Tingues sempre al cor la idea d'Ítaca. sapigueu trobar noves sendes. Has d'arribar-hi, és el teu destí, Més lluny, sempre molt més lluny, però no forcis gens la travessia. més lluny del demà que ara ja s'acosta És preferible que duri molts anys, i, quan sereu deslliurats, que siguis vell quan fondegis l'illa, tingueu ben present no aturar-vos. ric de tot el que hauràs guanyat fent el camí, sense esperar Bon viatge per als guerrers que et doni més riqueses. que al seu poble són fidels, afavoreixi el Déu dels vents Ítaca t'ha donat el bell viatge, el velam del seu vaixell, sense ella no hauries sortit. i malgrat llur vell combat I si la trobes pobra, no és que Ítaca tinguin plaer dels cossos més amants. t'hagi enganyat. Savi, com bé t'has fet, Omplin xarxes de volguts estels sabràs el que volen dir les Ítaques. plens de ventures, plens de coneixences. AGRAÏMENTS 1. om diu el poema de Kavafis, musicat per Llach, el procés per completar aquesta tesi ha sigut sense cap mena de dubte “un camí llarg, ple C d’aventures i ple de coneixences”. Si els meus peus van xafar terra d’Ítaca per primer cop el dia que vaig complir els 31, avui crec que puc dir que he arribat per segon cop a l’illa. No ha sigut un camí senzill, ningú no va dir que ho seria, de fet, per aconseguir-ho ha calgut treballar molt i superats innumerables i enormes obstacles. Queda clar que, com deia Edison: el ingeni o l’èxit té un ú per cent d’inspiració i un noranta nou per cent de transpiració, és a dir, suar. I és que una de les coses que més clares m’han quedat al llarg d’aquests anys és que fer una tesi doctoral és un camí personal... que ningú farà per tu. Però també, que és un camí que no es fa sol. De fet, dur a terme aquesta tesi doctoral no hagués estat possible sense l‘ajuda tant professional com personal i emocional d’un conjunt de persones i institucions a les que m’agradaria citar i reconèixer en aquest punt. En primer lloc, m’agradaria iniciar els agraïments pels meus dos codirectors: el Dr. Pedro Rodríguez de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i el Dr. Enrique Belenguer de la Universitat Jaume I de Castelló. Quique i Pedro o Pedro i Quique, vosaltres sous els principals responsables tant de l’inici d’aquest viatge com del fet que haja arribat a bon port. Gracies Quique, moltes gracies per haver-me mostrat un camí a la vida allà per l’any 2003 i haver-me ajudat a remar al llarg de tots i Agraïments cadascun d’aquests anys. Gracies Pedro, moltes gracies a tu també per haver-me permès formar part del teu grup de recerca, lloc on he pogut desenvolupar i completar aquesta tesi. Gracies per ajudar-me a retrobar el camí oferint-me tota mena d’informació, ajuda i recursos. Si Quique ha estat les veles, tu has estat el vent. En segon lloc, vull donar les gracies a tots aquells que d’una manera o altra, en major o menor mesura, heu ajudat a donar forma i contingut a aquest document. Entre vosaltres, m’agradaria destacar: a Nico, per la teua inestimable ajuda en aquells durs inicis en que va caler tractar tantes dades; a Barthe, per les teues interessantíssimes pinzellades sobre venda d’electricitat; a Nacho Peña, per tindre sempre un moment per tirar un cable i resoldre eixe dubte; a Emilio, perquè la teua inestimable ajuda final m’ha permès donar-li cos a aquest treball, sense tu, aquesta tesi no seria ni la meitat del que és; a Néstor, per ser l’inseparable company de fatigues a qui no cal explicar res d’aquest procés, veritat que m’entens, Nestor?; a Fran, pels teus sempre savis consells tant sobre word... com sobre tantes altres coses; a Leo i a Lola, pels vostres ànims, pel vostre entusiasme i per llegir eixes pàgines amb el que tant m’heu aportat; a Guti, pels seu “Jazz” que, havent arribat en un moment molt important per a mi, tanta companyia em van fer i m’han fet en les hores d’escriptura d’aquest document. En tercer lloc, voldria agrair a nivell d’institucions a l’Institut de Tecnologia de l’Energia d’Aalborg, i a la seua gent, per obrir-me les portes d’un lloc tan distingit (mange tak). Igualment, agrair als membres d’Ikerlan a Arrasate l’haver-me permès estar uns dies amb ells, dedicar-me tants recursos i temps i, sobretot, fer-me sentir un més entre vosaltres (Eskerrik asko). Fer record també de l’Institut de Tecnologia Elèctrica de València, on tot açò va començar, i on vaig passar dos meravellosos anys. Igualment, a la Fundació Balaguer-Gonel Hermanos de Castelló pel seu suport. Finalment, donar les gracies a la gent que forma el grup SEER a Terrassa, perquè vosaltres em vau ensenyar com es treballa per fer una tesi.
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