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Masarykova Univerzita Filozofická Fakulta MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav klasických stu i! Latinský #a$%k a lit&'atura Ma'ti" ()&' a V*lka s +u,u'th-u a v*lka s .&')*"% / s'-v"*"! 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'-)*"-v0h- $1'ac-v*"! C-ll&&" McCull-u,h-v0 s 1'a)&"%5 ;5 ÚVO7 V této práci chci pracovat s prvním dílem neobvykle rozsáhlé sedmidílné ságy Masters of Rome (Vládci Říma) australské autorky Colleen McCulloughové nazvaným První muž Říma. Z tohoto prvního dílu se chci zaměřit konkrétně na velkou část popisující římské války s numidským králem Jugurthou a s Germány v posledním desetiletí 2. stol. př. n. l. a srovnat toto románové zpracování s dobovými prameny a několika vybranými historickými pracemi. Chtěl bych se také zaměřit na charakteristiku několika historických postav těchto válek a historické souvislosti těchto dvou konfliktů. Toto téma jsem si zvolil proto, že chci popis války s Jugurthou a války s Germány, tedy dvou důležitějších historických události popisovaných v prvním díle úctyhodné románové ságy australské autorky Colleen McCulloughové, porovnat s antickými prameny a s historicky doloženými fakty, abych zjistil, jak moc přesně autorka popisuje historii konce římské republiky a předává ji čtenářům. ;5;5 C!l& 1'*c& 1) Historické okolnosti války s Jugurthou a války s Germány 2) Charakteristika historických postav a srovnání jejich popisu v pramenech, u historiků a u Colleen McCulloughové. 3) Srovnání líčení těchto válek v Prvním muži Říma, v pramenech a historických pracích. 4) Důsledky těchto konfliktů. ;595 C-ll&&" McCull-u,h-v* a #&#! !l- Než se zaměřím na jednotlivé konflikty, rád bych se zmínil o Colleen McCulloughové a o jejím díle. Colleen McCulloughová se narodila 1. června 1937 v australském Wellingtonu a je 1 uznávanou spisovatelkou mnoha beletristických děl. Vystudovala neuropsychologii na University of Sydney, Své první romány napsala během svého působení na University of Yale v Connecticutu v USA, kde učila a prováděla neurologický výzkum. Úspěch jejích prvotin jí umožnil se věnovat naplno literární dráze, které se věnuje dodnes. Proslavila se po celém světě svým románem Ptáci v trní1, který se velmi brzy dočkal i čtyřdílného filmového zpracování. Následovalo mnoho dalších děl, z nichž bych uvedl například historický román Morganův úděl, zasazený do doby kolonizace Australie, a román Píseň o Tróji, vydaný v roce 1998, který živým a zajímavým způsobem popisuje průběh trójské války střídavě z pohledu postav ze strany Řeků i Trójanů. Ke konci 80. let 20. století se autorka začíná věnovat důkladnému studiu historických pramenů vztahujících se k antickému Římu období konce republiky, díky čemuž v roce 1990 vydává první díl své gigantické sedmidílné románové ságy Masters of Rome (Vládcové Říma) nazvaný První muž Říma. V následujících 20 letech pokračuje ve výzkumu a psaní dalších dílů své ságy2. Poslední díl své ságy - Antonius a Kleopatra - vydala v roce 2007. Za svůj výzkum historických pramenů obdržela již v roce 1993 čestný doktorský titul Doctor of Letters na Macquarieho univerzitě v Sydney. Sága Vládcové Říma je nevídaně rozsáhlé, podrobné až encyklopedické románové veledílo. Každý ze 7 dílů má rozsah cca 600-900 stran, celé dílo má tedy přibližně 4500 stran. Celá sága popisuje historické události v období konce římské republiky v letech 110-27 př. n. l., zobrazuje velice podrobně všechny možné aspekty života Římanů, osudy známých i méně známých historických postav, politické rozepře v Římě, historické události ve středomořské oblasti, válečná tažení, mezinárodní vztahy, rodinný život, filozofii, genealogii římských vládnoucích tříd, příběhy z historie, mýty a cokoliv se vztahuje k tomuto období. Dále je zde v několika dějových liniích vylíčen až formou generačního a vývojového románu celý život nejdůležitějších historických postav období - Gaia Iulia Caesara, Marka Tullia Cicerona, Gnaea Pompeia Magna, Marka Crassa, Marka Iunia Bruta a jeho matky Servilie, Marka Antonia a Octaviana - včetně mládí jejich rodičů, vztahů mezi jednotlivými rody a jejich role v historii antického Říma. První muž Říma je zasazen do let 110-100 př.n.l., zaměřuje se na postavy Gaia Maria a Lucia Cornelia Sully, které spojuje rod Iuliů Caesarů. Gaius Marius se totiž, aby zvýšil svůj politický kredit, oženil s Julií, starší dcerou senátora Gaia Iulia Caesara, děda Caesara diktátora. Stejně tak Lucius Cornelius Sulla si vzal Julillu3, mladší dceru Caesara děda. Vystupuje zde ještě 1 The Thorn Birds, Colleen McCullough, HarperCollinsPublishers 1977 2 Koruna z trávy, Přízeň Fortuny, Caesarovy Římanky, Caesar, Říjnový kůň, Antonius a Kleopatra. Všechny díly v České republice vydalo nakladatelství Ikar v překladu Vladimíra Svobody. 3 Není přesně doloženo z jaké rodiny byla přesně Sullova první manželka. Plútarchos uvádí ve svém životopise L. Cornelia Sully jako jeho první manželku Ilii, je možné, že to je zkomolené jméno Julia. Oficiální jméno Julilly, jak ji jmenuje Colleen McCulloughová by znělo Julia Minor. Nepovedlo se mi nalézt v pramenech, že by Gaius Iulius Caesar, podle McCulloughové otec Julilly, měl dvě dcery. V Plutarchovi se píše o Julii, kterou si vzal za manželku Gaius Marius. Plútarchos se o tom zmiňuje jak v životopise Maria, tak i v životopise Caesara diktátora. 2 mnoho dalších postav, například Marcus Livius Drusus mladší se svou rodinou (z jeho rodu později vzešly například Servilia, matka Bruta, a Livia, manželka císaře Augusta). Jsou zde zachyceny všemožné oblasti života všech římských vrstev, včetně státního kultu, jednání senátu, mezinárodních vztahů a konfliktů. Těch je zde popsáno více, přestože se kniha zaměřuje na konflikty s Jugurthou a Germány, jsou zde popsány i předcházející konflikty i povstání otroků na Sicílii. Tento díl končí koncem Saturninova povstání v roce, kdy se narodil Caesar diktátor, jehož celý život včetně životů dalších důležitých postav je popsán v dalších 5ti dílech. V 6. díle je popsána občanská válka v Alexandrii, Africe a Hispánii a atentát na Caesara a vzestup mladého Octaviana. V posledním 7. díle je popsán konflikt mezi Antoniem a Octavianem a přerod Říma z republiky v rané císařství. 95 VÁLKA S +U.URTBOU 95;5 Bist-'ick0 -s-A"-sti8 #&#ich cha'akt&'istika a hist-'ick0 s-uvisl-sti 95;5;5 +u,u'tha Podle Sallustia byl Jugurtha nelegitimním vnukem numidského krále Massinissy, který se za druhé punské války stal spojencem římského lidu a po porážce Kartága obdržel pod svou vládu většinu Římem zabraných území v Africe. Před svou smrtí nechal Massinissa zprávu Scipionovi Aemilianovi, aby rozdělil vládu mezi jeho tři syny. Scipio Aemilianus ale nerozdělil Numidii na tři části, ale rozdělil jen královské pravomoci mezi jednotlivé syny. Tak bylo
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