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LECTURE
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stage.
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sorceress,
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Jason
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pass
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son,
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trip
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his
them
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ship,
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fleece
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Eros,
across
the
time,
As
and
grew
would
goddess
land.
traveled
sentJason
with
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Jason
her
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to
born
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song
told
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Jason
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held
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Hera,
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that
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task,
river,
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madly
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a old
to
which
the
ruled
field.
lolcus.
cried,
wearing
to uncle
told
lolcus.
commentary
cross
Mount
challenged takes
JASON,
and
the
that
but
Jason
woman,
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and
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rightful
and
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by
Jason
Then, as
in
Olympic
the
deceiving
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and
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Jason king
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MEDEA,
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love
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he
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after
Pelias
ZEetes.
to
of
would
but
Coichis. that
with
one
would
by
reluctant that
of
an
was
throne.
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AND
Games
defeat
very
his
if
took
the
begged
gave
men,
the
then
arrow
Jason prove
7
he
she
sandal,
someone
interacts
Jason. to
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rescued
sandals
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king
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was
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final
thankful
have
sympathy he
sow
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birth
the
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overthrown
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including
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himself
into demanded
lived
completed
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young
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him
overthrown
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stasimon
and
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dragon
honor
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to
Eros
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give
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as
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to
King
group
scene
Medea,
yoke
with
thinking
to
he
for Jason,
vowed
he
the
FLEECE
man,
on
worthy
them
did,
the
help
was
of
Jason
Jason’s
that
teeth
Chiron,
was
Heracles,
Phineus
by
overthrow
wateL
the
and
his
that
three of
with
Golden
Poseidon,
ZEetes
wanted
and
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a
unwilling
women
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defended
her
plight.
Khalkotauroi,
about
serves
man
that
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of
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and
accompany
tasks,
help.
the
The
a imprisoned
fearing
Medea,
ruling
Golden
cross.
relinquish
daughter
from
defeat
wearing
the
Fleece.
Orpheus,
the
characters
him.
to as
to
She
old
gathered
and
zfetes
infant
the
the
return
to
cross
Argonauts
lolchus,
the
He
asked
that
the
woman
infatuated
Fleece,
He
let
BRCKCROUNO
In
play
Greek
fleece.
only
fire-breathing
and
assented,
Jason
Harpies,
warriors
the
was
the by
his
would
consulted
Pelias
the
Castor,
to
Aphrodite
around
one
hisjealous
conclusion
meantime,
a
he
prophecy
kingship.
his
stillborn.
a
Anauros
revealed
athletes,
skillful
on
kindly
prized
LECTURE
had
sandal.
would
allow
home
with
that
and
and
and
his
the
the to
had
than
Divorce
the
to
have
As
Procreation known
an
her business
Women
and
the
twelve little
Unlike
through
“career”
murder
convinced
Medea
them
the
After
restore
Fleece.
Jason,
pieces
dismembered
son
Unhappy
completed would
of
that
Medea
his
agreement
a
woman
warriors,
future
to
woman.
cauldron
the
for
value,
recreational
Apsyrtus,
wife,
would
wife,
have
defeating
to
years
theft
as
of
offered
told
prevent
did
Pelias
age
their
a
a
of
went
transactions.
gender
do.
husband
young
the
husband. his
that
Pelias,
they
a
a
from
only
that
exist
difference
was
the
them
Companionate
21”
Instead
male make
old.
causing
about father
woman a
ekdosis.
dead
still
from
him,
young
Jason
to
and
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tasks,
the
discrimination.
him
Medea
girl
century
entirely
to
in
his
sex
Greek
Medea
family
she
help
refused
the
to
son,
financially
Ancient
the
She
Sirens
being
to
could
their
house
and
of
from
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with
divorce
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give
them
survived
between would
was
man.
and
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dragon
contents him
using
girl’s
really
officially
and,
men,
counterparts,
member
perfunctory,
andjason
dropped
to
children
birth
girl
fleet
aspire
and
being
courtesans acquired
prohibited
and
marriage
to
She
Greece,
complete
father
give
douse
if as
his her
would
could
on
kill
support
a Tabs,
fall
they of
the
to
Unable
return
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of
to
husband
became
burned
up
wife.
fight
potion,
the result.
male
ships
each
his
or
the
fast
was
to
quests,
were
the
but
WOMEN
the
the
would
give
did
male
leave
the
other
women
wives
his
and
body
dowry
or
on
If
the
asleep.
from
children,
becoming
her
body
to
other
throne.
it
Golden
chased
Medea
by
not
a
the
driven
bronze
mistresses.
Medea
quests.
their
and
her
was
leave
guardian
husband
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dowry
her
iFetes
and
IN
cut
hand,
the
parts
and
man’s
was
leaving exist
with
behalf
the
ANCIENT
of
instead
his
Jason
much
the
family’s
8
father
his
Medea
bulls;
not
out
her
who
andJason
Ancient
the
Fleece.
man,
left
were
kyrios
a
common,
She
wife
to
into
still
married
a
in spell
wife
wife
body
(hyrios)
wanted
magic
mistreat
of
and
home
Argo.
her
Pelias
harder
Ancient
could
followed
The
the
created
GREECE
of
back
Jason
she
gave
sometimes
convinced refused
household loichus,
the
at
would
and
with
persuade
him;
kyrios.
Greece
into
husband
house
the
told
and
potion,
in
Medea
escaped.
serve
sea.
dead.
the
his
if
mother.
chose
a
for
returned
an
her.
marriage Greece,
divorce,
pieces
a
their
not
and
give
all
to
him
participate
and
man
youth,
a special
zFetes
old
The
had
in
except
woman
To
Pelias’s
let
and
her of
married
expected,
the
and
she
and
her
the
was
late
sheep,
While they
to
no
even
and
woman,
escape
Medea’s
him
and
state husband,
to
move
he
throw
was prepared
military
ceremony
to Jason
did
Pelias
ointment
rights
twenties
not
settled
lolchus
on
daughters
put
her
to
needed
greater
take
marriages
women
in
and
as
to
exactly
forced
punishment
obligated
divorce
in
for
certain
betrothed
public
a
them
grant advice,
would
young
on
and
captured
or
with
the
rock
Pelias’s
and
in
the
a
or
with
the
BACKGROUND
superiority
only
for
civil
the
were
themselves
magical
to
Corinth.
fleece.
her what
in
that
after
early
her
husbands
the
life,
were
into
emerge
as
ritual
other
his
gamos.
successfully
pick
a
to
service.
the
to
daughters,
a
in
oppressed
eleven
Apsyrtus,
cauldron.
husband
she
family
reaching
divorce.
be
skin
the
for
dismiss
she
the
thirties,
akin
a
Golden
He,
LECTURE
hand,
up
potion
days.
ritual
loyal
could
over
their from
only
field
told
had
that
the
to his
of or to Medea
In the play in an address to the chorus, Medea discusses the plight of Greek women:
Of all things that live and have intelligence. we women are the most wretched creatures. First, we must buy a husband at a high price and take a master over our bodies, an even more painful evil than the other. Here the stakes are highest: do we take a bad man or a good one? A woman can’t get divorced and keep her good reputation, and she has no right to refuse her husband. After arriving among new customs and rules, she must be a prophet, since she was not taught at home how to deal with her husband. If we work hard at this, and our husband bears the yoke of marriage without violence, life is enviable: but, if not, better to die. A marl, when he is annoyed with those inside, goes out and stops the nausea in his heart, but we must look to just one person.
The hardships Medea suffers as a wife and mother were common in Ancient Greece. In [act, despite what the Chorus and Nurse say about Jason’s violation of his marriage oath, Jason’s replacement of Medea with a second wife would have been completely legal. It is true that, while a man could have many mistresses, he could have only one legitimate wife, his astd. According to the laç Jason would be prohibited from taking a second wife; however, he could divorce Medea by dismissing her and their children from his home and returning the dowry to her father. This fact poses a problem in understanding the legitimacy ofJason and Medea’s union and divorce. Medea was forced to flee from her home in Colchis, and IEetes never gave her a dowry. The absence of an agreement between the husband and father, in addition to the absence of the dowry, could make Medea and Jason’s marriage illegitimate from the start. On the other hand, if their marriage is legitimate and Jason is divorcing Medea, there is no dowry for him to return and a simple dismissal would suffice. Therefore, while Medea’sdilemma is pitiable, there is nothing illegal about Jason’s actions.
THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENFATHERSANDCHILDREN
One theme that is explored in Medea is the love, or lack thereof, between fathers and their children. There are two families within the play and the relationships between the fathers and their progeny are vastly different. The first relationship is between Jason and his sons. Jason’s love for his children and the responsibility he [eels for their upbringing are ambiguous. On the one hand, he abandons his children, intending to replace them with the future sons he hopes the princess will bear him. Instead of caring for them, he sends the two boys into exile. Contrarily Jason claims that he is marrying Creon’s daughter only so he can better the social position of his family, whose members are exiles from Colchis and lolchus and have little political influence. Jason’s motive, if genuine, would suggest that he does love his boys and wants the best for them.
BACKGROUNDLECTURE
uses
While
Jason
Medea
feel
from
Throughout
murdering
Medea
desire
refugee, Aside
issues
how
because
are
good
fire
he
Adding
murdering
Creon.
;Medea
as
illustrated
has
by
it
to
her
does
husband,
Medea’s
to
though
and
No
what
of
to from
I to
from
her
if nor
the
and
All
For a
to
and
when
remedy on
know
wronged
barbarian
i4o
he
your
a
deprecate
in
to
you
barbarian
become
Greek
Aegeus.
the
ends
Greek
would
me
wedding
you
how
the
believes
not
your
one
her
1
cannot
them
exchange
this
didn’t
the
live
the
Greeks
now
father
I’d
she
when
are
he
other
nationality
of
would
feel to
woman
children,
and
home
his
home,
I rather
in
play,
the sharp
two
land,
use
famous;
sing
has
will
her
a
know
comes
Greece
He
and
her
indebted
sterility
conceive
that gifts
father
land
know
so.
earth,
he
hand,
laws
know
and
sweeter
betrayed
a Jason
relationships
and
not
would
children
harm
is
for
the
GREEK arranges
throws
great
worth
then,
contrast
her
from
but
barbarian
of
instead
instead
that even
knowing
to
have
you
there’d
‘and
helps
about
fertility
does has
Coichis
Jason
foreign
This
evil,
dare if
him
when
reminds
than
you
children,
to
know
Medea,
PRIDE
you
gold
and
that
a
himself
willing
her
and
me.
of
Medea
0f
not
very
be
betrayer
for
drive
Imurder
are
between
Orpheus, in
fact
land
I
lived
force.
nurtured
at
and
no justice
importance
brought
potions
that
AND
by
her
upbringing
Athens,
clever,
to
between
excuse
she
home,
close
Creon
account
demonstrates
Medea
atop
the
at
marrying
and
Greece.
to
avenge
for
DISCRIMINATION
she
to
her
says
make
Jason’s
you
action you.
marryJason.
relationship
helping
has
her
children].
that
had
her
it
of
grief
that
he
fathers
10
his
is
you.
in
He
burned
traveled
has
or
no
take
she
Creon’s
does
of
possible
he
society
and
feelings
betrayal.
tells
reduce
him
way
that
contributed,
the
has
promises
an
and
the
AGAINST
not
with
corpse,
When
her:
play,
acquire
to
to
procreation
oath,
daughter.
done
closeness
that
their
the
the
love
escape
toward
his
for
the
FOREIGNERS
unintentionally
gravity
Oracle
her
promising
Medea
daughter.
to
them;
the
offspring,
if
in
princess
give
punishment.
he
a
his
between
Furthermore,
part,
Golden
and
great
did
of
of
would
however,
sons,
him.
Delphi
to
paternity He
her
not
to
favor
is
Aegeus
her
him
Fleece, wants
poisoned
Indirectly;
violent
harbor
Medea
promise
have
killing
savage
to
BACKGROUND
and
by
she
Jason
be
her
are
reconsidered
is
bringing
nor
his
Medea
himself.
acts,
knows
knows
advised
distraught
important
and
behavior:
to
to
belittles
daughter
Aegeus’s
does
marry
protect
LECTURE
Jason
set
as
her
that
that
he
on
on
a a
with
Finally,
her
killed
Medea
Jason
Furthermore,
turn
Medea
homeland.
Medea
to.
my
abandons
losing
No
finishing
Let
leading
without
to 0
cries
with
The
the and
the
IShel
In
fatherland,
endure,
other
me
own
importance
her
poor
Chorus
the
a
in
one
groans
out
die,
husband
a
my
Medea’s
land
my
part
hardship
life brother!”,
Prologue,
thing
the
in
her,
let
native
city
day
of
and
0
to
reinforces
most
lamentation,
me
of
impossibility,
of
has
home,
herself
who
and
of
a
the
separation
die
land
not
exceeds
life!
pitiful
choral been
now
home
the
instead,
also
Creon
losing
never
for
taught
the
dishonors
Nurse
of
her
demonstrating
she
ode:
let
your
pains.
difficult
sends
theme
“0
dear
from
betrayed
by
me
informs
homeland.
father,
misfortune
be
father
her.
her
her
of
nationalism
and
homeLand
into
0
the
11
left
that
city,
exile,
reader
she
from
and
and
Medea
is
of
whom
distraught
family
Medea’s
pride
has
I
in
causes
was
nowhere
one’s
feelings
about
parted,!
her
country
being
personal
of
to
after
displacement:
go
BACKGROUND
by
separated
nor
empathizing
I
grief.
shamefully
anyone
LECTURE
When
from to
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
Medea
1.
kommos,
Identify What
convey
reinforces
women.
In
Examine
downfall?
II How
does
Medea
the
it
does
role
play
differ?
Euripides’s
the
Which
exodos.
the
is
does
his
the
following
viewed
how
female
opinion?
If
plot
the
stereotypes
there
does
beliefs
lower
as of
characters
parts
Medea
the
are
Euripides
Questions
class
about any
tragic
of
about
conform
a
deviations
have in
Greek
figure
class
the
take
women
for
in
play:
Tragedy
status?
the
to
a of
Essay
firm
12
the
from
the
Medea,
play?
do
structure
play
they
in
stance
and
the
How
Medea:
the
what
portray? general
Discussion
on princess,
does
of
prologue,
is
feminism?
a
her
their
structure,
traditional
Which
flaw?
and
importance,
QUESTIONS
parados,
the
do
What How
what
they
Chorus
Greek
FOR
does
episode,
textual
is
ESSAY
directly
or
their
of
it
lack
ANO
Corinthian
lead
stasirnon,
purpose?
OISCUSSION
evidence
oppose?
thereof,
to
How her