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10th Grade ELA

Week of: APRIL 6TH

WICHITA PUBLIC SCHOOLS

9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Grades Your child should spend up to 90 minutes over the course of each day on this packet. Consider other family-friendly activities during the day such as:

Help with a chore, meal, Listen to age appropriate Encourage someone Listen to a free or yardwork podcast and discuss with a compliment, text, audio story at around the house. with a friend. or letter. stories.audible.com

Explore art at Text or call a friend Journal about Mindful Minutes: to say hello. your experiences artsandculture.google.com/ during this timeframe. Each day to focus on the 5 senses. *All activities are optional. Parents/Guardians please practice responsibility, safety, and supervision.

by navigating in a web browser to https://www.usd259.org/Page/17540

WICHITA PUBLIC SCHOOLS CONTINUOUS LEARNING HOTLINE AVAILABLE 316-973-4443 MARCH 30 – MAY 21, 2020 MONDAY – FRIDAY 11:00 AM – 1:00 PM ONLY

For Multilingual Education Services (MES) support, please call (316) 866-8000 (Spanish and Proprio) or (316) 866-8003 (Vietnamese).

The Wichita Public Schools does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, age, veteran status or other legally protected classifications in its programs and activities. 10th Grade English Language Arts Packet Schedule: Week 2

Day 1: 656‐659 Day 2: 660‐662 Day 3: 663‐665 Day 4: 666‐669 Day 5: 670‐672

Narrative (nerәdiv) Collaborate (kәˈlabәˌrāt) Strongholds (strôNGˌhōld)

A spoken or written story: Work together on an activity, to A place that has been fortified to produce something. protect it against attack. Reemerge ( re‐ih‐murj ) Amphitheatre (‐am‐fuh‐thee‐ Sophisticated(sәˈfistәˌkādәd) uh‐ter) To come forth or rise open circular or oval building Showing a high level of worldly again. surrounded by seats for the experience and knowledge of presentation fashion and culture.

 Read Aloud Accommodations are available on the specialized instruction and supports website referenced at the beginning of this packet.

656 UNIT

Blind Teen BenUnderwood Blindness and Sight and Blindness

to see—or fail world? toto see—the see—or mean? there are many ways How When we say, “I see,” what do we 6 Write yourresponse beforesharingyourideas. what itmeanstohavevision?

Discuss It

How doBen’s experiencesand attitudesredefine

MULTIMEDIA SCAN FOR

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. the King the Oedipus  Rudall Nicholas by translated , II Part Oedipus the King, TEXT: ANCHOR Rudall Nicholas by translated Sophocles, I Part Oedipus the King, ANCHOR TEXT: DRAMA Oedipus the King Context Historical L UNIT 6 UNIT Write aNonfiction W TASK PERFORMANCE Is there a difference between seeingIs there and knowing? between adifference PROMPT: Session andStorytelling Narrative Nonfiction Narrative:  iterat MEDIA CONNECTION: What does it mean to see? ESSENTIAL QUESTION: ritin g F u re LEARNING WHOLE-CLASS ocus

and : Cu lt u re PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE-BASED Rosemary Mahoney Rosemary See Who Those from Senses The Neglected MEMOIR by Robert Mezey Robert by translated Borges, Luis Jorge Blindness His On W. Merwin S. Ambon of Seer Blind The Nijland Kees by translated Naoot, Fatima Blind C Helen Keller Building State Empire the From View LETTER H. G. Wells G. H. Blind the of Country The Present anOralRetelling S TASK PERFORMANCE pea For the Benefit of of Benefit the For UNIT INTRODUCTION k in g LEARNING SMALL-GRO ollection an d L istenin g focus U : P Apoorva Mandavilli Look and Learn Neuroscience: Visual ARTICLE SCIENCE Just Six Dots Six Just NONFICTION NARRATIVE LAUNCH TEXT PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PREP ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE-BASED Melissa Hogenboom Your Mind Your TrickHow Eyes MEDIA: INFORMATIONAL GRAPHIC by Giovanni Pontiero by Giovanni translated Saramago, José from EXCERPT Shandar Herian Married We Years After Ten Wife My Saw IFirst Experience: HISTORY ORAL Carey Benedict Sense Visual Subconscious Brain’s The Yet Seeing: Blind, ARTICLE SCIENCE ABC News Ethiopians Gain Sight Blind Tabin Helps Dr. Geoffrey MEDIA: NEWSCAST Nonfiction Narrative Review Notesfora Blindness LEARNING INDEPENDENT

657 658 expression. important tocomprehensionor when consideringawordorphrase in gatheringvocabularyknowledge level; demonstrate independence the collegeandcareerreadiness writing, speaking, andlistening at and phrases, sufficientforreading, academic anddomain-specificwords Acquire anduseaccurately general Language  UNIT

STANDARDS

UNIT

6 6

BLINDNESS INTRODUCTION

AND

SIGHT

you succeed on the Unit Performance-Based Assessment. you succeed the on Unit Performance-Based by reading, writing, speaking, listening, and presenting. will goals help These ofThroughout blindness and the unit, sight you your will perspective deepen Goals Unit later during your on you growth when this reflect unit. Rate how well right goals you these meet now. You will revisit your ratings GOALS LISTENING AND SPEAKING GOALS LANGUAGE GOALS RESEARCH AND WRITING GOALS READING • • • • • • • SCALE presentations. Integrate audio, visuals, in and text communicate. and the ideas of develop consensus, others, Collaborate your with team to build on presentations. to interest add to writing and Correctly varied use sentence structures in greatertopics depth. lengths to meaning clarify and to explore Conduct of various research projects event sequences. well-structured technique, details, and well-chosen events or usingexperiences effective Write anarrative in which you convey concept vocabulary. and academic your and of use knowledge Expand central themes. develop or ideas analyzing introduce how authors and by texts narrative written Evaluate NOT ATNOT ALL WELL 1

NOT VERY NOT WELL 2

SOMEWHAT WELL 3

1 1 1 1 WELL VERY 4

2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 EXTREMELY MULTIMEDIA SCAN FOR WELL 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4. 3. 2. 1. Complete thechart. to you in this unit as you analyze . and write nonfiction discuss more with precision. Here are words five academic that will useful be and termsAcademic help can you in appear read, all subjects write, and Narrative Vocabulary: Nonfiction Academic “touch” -teg ROOT: integrate WORD “other” -alter- ROOT: altercation “live” -viv- ROOT: vivid “wish”; “will” -vol- ROOT: volition “line” -lin- ROOT: delineate

Refer toadictionaryorotherresources if needed. For eachword, listatleast two related words. each word. Use theinformationandyourownknowledgetopredict themeaningof Review eachword, itsroot, andthementorsentences. -

MENTOR SENTENCES MENTOR 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1.

sad story. details intoanotherwise howyou I like at atime. exercise afewminutes long workout,tryto If yourdayistoobusyfora became an disagreement nearly that Sam andRickgotintoa type of or any tolerance forfighting In ourschool,there iszero vivid painter whowasknownforhis isaFrenchHenri Matisse incredibly precise and dayis ago, mymemoryofthat ithappenedlong Even though or thought conscious without instinctively, decision Pearl madethe pressure youintoit? volition ofyourown Did youdothat her subject’s features clearly. wasableto artist the onlyafewbrushstrokes, With of water. bodies indicate bluelines the delineate red map,the On the lines useofcolor. or did someone ordid altercation national borders national and volition altercation integrate . . integrate delineate . vivid comic .

PREDICT MEANING ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

What doesitmeantosee? in theunit. forms wherever theyappear and markthemortheir Study thewords inthischart, Follow Through RELATED WORDS RELATED integration; integral Unit Introduction

659 UNIT 6 INTRODUCTION

LAUNCH TEXT | NONFICTION NARRATIVE This selection is an example of a nonfiction narrative, a type of writing in which an author tells a true story. This is the type of writing you will develop in the Performance-Based Assessment at the end of the unit. As you read, think about how the writer communicates information. Mark the text to help you answer the question: How does the writer help the reader understand the sequence of events and the complexity of the topic? Just Six Dots The Story of Braille

1 system of just six raised dots can tell any story. Six dots can spin NOTES Aout tales of romance or relate accounts of historic events. They can even tell the story of the man who invented them: Louis Braille. 2 As a young boy, Louis loved to observe his father, a leather worker, in his workshop near Paris. Louis would gaze with eager attention as Simon-René Braille transformed unfinished leather into fine harnesses for horses. One day when he was three, Louis grabbed an awl and a strip of leather. He jabbed the sharp tool down, hoping to copy his father’s masterful movements and punch the strip with a perfect hole. Instead, the awl slipped and pierced his right eye. The Iinjury and resulting infection left Louis completely blind by the age of five. 3 Simon-René was determined not to let Louis’s blindness end his education. Returning to the workshop, he pounded nails into wooden strips, arranging them to form letters. Soon, Louis attended the local school, where he excelled. However, his parents realized that he needed specialized instruction to truly succeed. At the age of ten, Louis went to Paris to study at the world’s only school for the blind. 4 There, Louis met the founder of the school, Valentin Haüy, a sighted man who was deeply committed to educating the blind. Recognizing the importance of independence in learning, he developed a new way of printing books with thickly embossed

letters. The system worked, but the books were heavy and slow to All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson read. On top of that, it took both sight and skill to make them. 5 When Louis was eleven, army captain Charles Barbier visited the school. He had devised a different system, which he called “night

SCAN FOR 660 UNIT 6 • Blindness and Sight MULTIMEDIA ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What does it mean to see?

writing,” that allowed soldiers to read orders in the dark. It used raised dots in sets of twelve. Barbier’s code inspired Louis to create NOTES his own, easier and faster system. 6 Louis worked on his code for years. By the time he was fifteen, he had perfected the code that would bear his name. Unlike Barbier’s code, braille uses cells of just six dots. By arranging six dots in two parallel rows with three dots in each, he created a cell that can be instantly sensed by one fingertip. With sixty-four possible combinations of dots, each cell names a letter, number, punctuation mark, or word. 7 The director of Louis’s school was so impressed with the invention that he encouraged all of the students to learn it. Louis published the first braille book in 1829. Blind students could now read with ease. They could also write, using a pointed tool called a dot stylus. 8 However, braille did not gain wider acceptance right away. The school’s next director, Pierre-Armand Dufau, was opposed to braille code. He worried that once blind people could read there would be no need for sighted teachers, so he banned the use of braille. Dufau’s assistant, Joseph Gaudet, did not agree. After many years, he convinced Dufau to accept Braille’s system. They decided to introduce the new invention when the school moved into a new building. 9 At the dedication ceremony on February 22, 1844, Gaudet read aloud a 15-page book that told the crowd about Louis Braille’s accomplishment. Then, he sent one student out of the room and asked another to use the code to write down a poem. The first student came back into the room and read the poem perfectly. The crowd was amazed, and some suspected a trick. One man guessed that the first student had memorized the poem before the ceremony. He took a theater ticket out of his pocket and challenged the students to repeat the demonstration with information from that paper. When they performed the task one more time, even he was convinced. 10 On that day, the world accepted what Louis Braille already knew: Just six raised dots can contain the passion and power of language. ❧

 WORD NETWORK FOR BLINDNESS AND SIGHT

Vocabulary A Word Network is a collection of words related to a topic. As you read the selections in this unit, identify interesting words related to sensed the ideas of blindness and sight, and add them to your Word Network. For example, you might begin by adding observe BLINDNESS words from the Launch Text such as AND SIGHT © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson sensed, observe, and gaze. Continue to add words as you complete this unit. gaze Tool Kit Word Network Model

Just Six Dots 661 662 UNIT

UNIT

6 6

INTRODUCTION Bl in d n ess a n d Si gh is believing. Launch Activity Launch or ananalysis. accurate overviewofatext.Itshouldnotincludestatementyouropinion Write asummaryof“JustSixDots.”A Summary Conduct aFour-Corner Debate • • • • t change yourcorner, beprepared toexplainwhy. After allgroups havepresented, again.Ifyou moveintothefourcorners three-minute summaryof your group’s position. After yourdiscussion,havearepresentative deliveratwo-to experience leadyoutotakethisposition?” Discuss questionssuchas“Whatdetailsfrom thetextoryourown Form agroup oftheclassroom. oflike-minded studentsinonecorner Record yourpositiononthe statement,andexplainyourthinking. Strongly Agree

Agree

Consider thisstatement: Disagree summary

isaconcise,complete,and Strongly Disagree Seeing

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. you thinkabouttheprompt. Record yourfirstthoughtshere. Consider classdiscussions,presentations, thevideo,andLaunchText as QuickWrite PROMPT: after eachselection. by completingtheEvidenceLog Assessment attheendofunit Prepare forthePerformance-Based Dots” thatsupportyourthinking. details orevidencefrom “JustSix Evidence Log.Then,record textual one sentencetorecord inyour Summarize yourthoughtsin Review yourQuickWrite.  Evidence LogModel Tool Kit

MULTIMEDIA EVIDENCE LOG FOR BLINDNESS AND SIGHT AND BLINDNESS FOR LOG EVIDENCE SCAN FOR

Is there a difference between seeing and knowing? and seeing between adifference there Is H T i o t C l w d e ofT O NN o e E e s t C x t T his t : I

O N e

x T t c O

ha P R n O g M e o P T r a d ESSENTIAL QUESTION: d t T o m E X T y t

E V hi ID n ki E N n g C ? E/

DETAILS

What doesitmeantosee? A D D

I Unit Introduction T I O D D NA a a t t e e L : :

N O T E S / ID E A S

663

664 ideas share and Interact understanding Monitor questions asking by Clarify actively Listen STRATEGY

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT OVERVIEW: WHOLE-CLASS LEARNING OVERVIEW: WHOLE-CLASS strategies during Whole-Class Learning.strategies during Whole-Class yourwith class. Add ideas of whole your for own each step. Get ready to these use strategies you these Review and take can the actions to practicethem as you work continue to environments. learn and work in large-group Throughout your life, in school, in your community, and in your career, you will Learning StrategiesWhole-Class around us. world and the not see—ourselves insightspresents into the many ways we see—or can class to the concepts explore of blindness and sight. The you are going to read we say, “I see,” we really do mean “I understand”? You will work your with whole We abeautiful see can sight, the truth in but we something. also can see When What does it mean to see? QUESTION: ESSENTIAL • • • • • • • • • • • • PLAN Ask forhelpifyouare struggling. youalready whatinformation Notice knowandbeready tobuildonit. youareIf youseethat instead. guessing,askaquestion whole class. If you’re peopleprobably confused,other are, too.Ask tohelpyour aquestion speaker.Keep youreyesonthe phoneaway. Forexample,putyourcell distractions. Eliminate detailsor makingaconnection. byadding ideasofothers Build onthe Share evenifyouare yourideasandanswerquestions, unsure. MULTIMEDIA SCAN FOR

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oedipus the King Context Historical LITERATURE CULTURE AND that has fascinated people throughout history? throughout people fascinated has that culture and mythology about it is What PERFORMANCE TASK  inevitable? his fate him, is or destroy king’s choices the own Do Rudall by Nicholas translated Sophocles, II Part the King, Oedipus ANCHOR TEXT: DRAMA plague? aterrible from them save Can Rudall by Nicholas translated Sophocles, I Part the King, Oedipus ANCHOR TEXT: DRAMA nonfiction narrative that developsacentralideaaboutsight andself-knowledge. that narrative nonfiction Afterreading abouthimself. truth toseethe writea youwill and listening, learns The Whole-Classreading anditsrelated storyofagreat the tell media kingwho Narrative Write Nonfiction a WRITING FOCUS

me d O i a edipus, a good king who loves his people, loves his people, who king agood edipus,

c onne ct ion:

O edipus the King the edipus

CONTENTS Whole ClassLearning

665 666 

the Greek islandofCrete. the MinoanPalaceofKnossoson Minoan art.Itappearsonawallin of Liliesisabeautiful exampleof This fresco depictingthePrince

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT literature andCulture •OedipustheKing down intosmalltribalunits. Dark Ages.Theartofwritingwaslost,andthekingdomsbroke Mycenaean civilizationcollapsedintoaperiodcalledtheGreek the lastofMycenaeanmilitarysuccesses.Soonafterward, Homer’s epicpoemsthe astheTrojan War, whichlaterbecamethesubjectof attacked thecityofTroy AsiaMinor. innorthern We knowthat most famousmilitaryventures, theMycenaeanssuccessfully AsiaMinor,western orpresent-day AsianTurkey. On oneoftheir influence spread throughout theMediterraneanislandsandinto Mycenaeans becamethedominantculture on Crete. Their The EarliestGreeks central Asia. extended throughout andinto Mediterranean the influenceofancientGreece andpolitical The cultural Ancient Greece Historical Context Reemerging From Darkness boom camearesurgence cappedby ofartsandlearning throughout theMediterranean.Alongwitheconomic Greek culture begantoreemerge, spurred byflourishingtrade wanax, orking. class. Atthetopofsocialpyramidineachstronghold wasa slaves, tradesmen,craftsmenandartisans,anactivewarrior a complexsocietythatincludedadministrativeofficials, priests, tablets. Manyofthesetabletshavesurvived.Thewritingsreveal and theyrecorded palacebusinessandothertransactionsonclay Greekthe southern islandofCrete, aboutwriting, theylearned Minoans (mihNOHuhnz),asophisticatedpeoplewholivedon thick-walled palacesdecoratedwithbronze metalwork.From the in Thebes,Pylos,Athens,Mycenae,andelsewhere, building Europe intotheMediterranean Sea.Theyestablishedstrongholds to settlethroughout theGreek mainland,whichjutsdownfrom a peoplethatwecalltheMycenaeans(mysuhNEEuhnz)began birth ofSophocles,theplaywrightwhowrote In about1450 B.C ., Minoancivilizationcollapsed,andthe

More thanonethousandyears before the andthe

In about850 . Itwasamong Oedipus theKing, B.C ., avibrant

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Alexander theGreat. the titlebywhichheisstillknowntoday: him influence allthewayintocentralAsia.Hisexploitswouldearn an amazingseriesofmilitaryconqueststhatwouldspread Greek who rose toascendancy.Philip’s sonAlexanderwouldembarkon Philip ofMacedon,amonarch from akingdomtothenorthofGreece, exerted control overtheGreek world.Intheend,however, itwas War. Athenswasdefeated,andforatime,Sparta,laterThebes, Athens anditsalliesinwhatbecameknownasthePeloponnesian was, inshort,theworld’s firstdemocracy. decision-making wasshared byalladultmales(otherthanslaves).It strong inwhich militarytradition.Athens developedagovernment Attica. Spartawasamonarchy withapowerfulrulingcounciland peninsula, andAthens,whichstoodeastofSpartainanarea called were Sparta,onGreece’s Peloponnesian(pehluhpuhNEEshuhn) other Greek city-states.In432 Unfortunately, Pericles’foreign policyaroused theresentment of military. official,playwright, government and—briefly—general in the Athenian who contributedgreatly tothisculturalfloweringwasSophocles: constructed, andcivicfestivalsgrew more splendid.Amongthose poets, scientists,andphilosophers.Impressive newbuildingswere kleez), Athensbecameagreat intellectualcenter, attractingartists, achievement forAthens.LedbythestatesmanPericles(PEHRuh later. ThesevictorieshelpedusherinaGoldenAgeofprosperity and the BattleofMarathoninbeginningandSalamis military prowess, itwasAthensthatledtwoimportantvictories: Empire (present-day Iran)twicetriedtoinvadeGreece. DespiteSparta’s Sparta foughtasalliesinthePersianWars, whenthepowerful Persian The RiseandFallofAthens just ascountriesdo.By500 regrouping intocity-states,orcitiesthatfunctionedindependently, Phoenician writingsystemintothefirsttruealphabet.Theyalsobegan tradition, theGreeks soonbeganwritingagain,thistimeadaptingthe Homer’s masterfulepics.AlthoughHomercomposedintheoral B.C B.C ., thetwomostpowerfulcity-states

From 490to479 ., Spartaanditsalliesjoinedagainst B.C ., Athensand essential question: Whatdoesitmeantosee? originated inhishonor. known asamarathon died. The26-milerace He thencollapsedand share newsofthevictory. miles backtoAthens Athenian soldierraced26 the BattleofMarathon,an According tolegend,after Quick insight  Literature andCulture

Golden Age. structures from Greece’s important surviving is amongthemost in Athens.Thetemple photo oftheAcropolis the foreground ofthis Athena, appearsin dedicated tothegoddess The Parthenon,atemple

667 668 scene. Additionalsongs,called parados presents thebackground of theconflict.Thechorusthenperformsa consistent format.Theyopenwitha dialogue takestheformofpoetry.Typically, theplaysfollowa separate competitionforcomedieswasadded. (SAYT uhr) different day.Theplaysusually includedabawdydramacalled Each playwrightpresented a From RitualtoArt Religious Foundations power. enduring of plays gave to rise ritual religious form rooted in art An Theater 501 At theDionysia,prizeswere awarded tothebestplaywright.By wore largemasksthatallowedthesameactortoperformdifferent roles. no curtain,butpaintedscenerycouldbehungattheback.Performers rose inasemicircle from theperformingarea, or attendance. Theamphitheaterwasbuiltonaslopewithseatingthat performed inalargeoutdooramphitheaterwiththousands By thetimeSophocleswaswriting,playshadbecomegreat spectacles introduced athird playertothestage. further byaddingasecondactor, andtheplaywrightSophocleslater TheplaywrightAeschylusdevelopedthedramaticform was born. leader whilerole-playing figures from theGreek .Thus,drama stepped awayfrom thechorus.Hebeganadialoguewithchorus uh ramz).According tolegend,atonefestival apoetnamedThespis singers, honored Dionysusbychantinghymnscalleddithyrambs(DIHTH Dionysus, thegodofwine.Atthesefestivals,a festivals calledDionysia(dyuhNYseeuh),whichwere dedicatedto beings guiltyofhubris(HYOObrihs),orexcessivepride. and oftenvengeful.Theyare especiallyquick topunishhuman worst—they are angry,jealous,andpetty.They are evendeceitful these myths,thegodsoftenbehavelikehumanbeingsatour stories theGreeks toldtoexplaintheworldaround them.In The godsare keycharacters inGreek mythology,thesetof could notalterfate. all-powerful. Likehumanbeingsandlessergods,Zeus Zeus (zoos)ruledoverallthegods,yetevenhewasnot while (afruhDY tee)wasthegoddessoflove. of light.Athena(uhTHEEnuh)wasthegoddesswisdom, example, wasthegodofseas,whileApollo of nature orhumanbehavior. Poseidon(puhSYduhn),for gods. Eachgodwasassociatedwithoneormore aspects in Greek religion, whichwasbasedonabeliefinmany

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT literature andCulture •OedipustheKing B.C ., thethree-day festivalfeatured workbythree competitors. (PAR uhd uhs),oropeningsong.Thisisfollowedbythefirst play, aswellthree .Aboutfifteen yearslater, a

Theater inancientGreece originatedatannual Greek playsare versedrama,inwhichthe

Greek theaterwasrooted tetralogy, odes, prologue, dividescenes,asacurtaindoes orgroup offourplays,ona orexposition,that chorus, orgroup of . There was

beard andagrapevinecrown. withfull god ofwine,adorned This maskdepictsDionysus,the hypocrite course, istheoriginofourword acting apart.”Thatterm,of hypokrites for anactor, however, was for anactor. TheGreek word word first actor, comestheEnglish From thenameofThespis, Quick insi thespian . , meaning“someone g , anelegantterm h t

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. essential question: What does it mean to see?

in most modern theater. At the end of a , the chorus performs a Quick insight paean (PEE uhn) of thanksgiving to Dionysus. The tragedy then concludes Strophe is Greek for with an exodus (EHKS uh duhs), or final scene. “twist.” Originally, a The chorus is central to the production, providing key background was simply the information and commentary on the action. Chorus recitals often divide ending, or final twist, into a strophe (STROH fee) and an answering antistrophe (an TIHS truh of a play. Because the fee). During the strophe, the chorus sings while twisting or dancing from endings of Greek tragedies right to left. During the antistrophe, the chorus moves in the opposite involved disastrous events, direction. Some odes have a concluding stanza, or epode (EHP ohd), when the word has come to have the chorus may have stood still. To help propel the plot, the chorus leader, its current meaning of a or choragos (koh RAY guhs; also spelled choragus), often exchanges disastrous outcome. thoughts with the rest of the chorus as well as with the actors.

The Theater of Dionysus in Athens The earliest were likely performed in the Agora, or marketplace, in Athens. Later, the Theater of Dionysus (shown here as it appears today) was built on the slope of the Acropolis, the upper part of the city where other important buildings also stood. Stone seating was not used at first; instead, theater-goers probably sat on wooden benches. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson

Literature and Culture 669 670 (PLAYT oh;c.427–c.347 famous Greek philosopher, Plato wasthepupilofanother Qu 470–399 Socrates (SOKruhteez;c. another famous Greek philosopher, who himself studiedunderyet North Africa,andmuchofAsia. Greek culture throughout Europe, Great, whoseconquestsspread famous pupiltoo—Alexanderthe

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT i literature andCulture •OedipustheKing ck 

i based onafourth–century Greek bronze. This RomanbustofAristotleis ns b . c ight . ). Aristotlehada b . c . ), ), B.C.

Sophocles (SOFuhkleez;496–406 deez; 480–406 concerns andhumanitarianthemes inhisplays. concerns into humannature. Euripidesisnotedforhisefforts toaddress social Sophocles ismostfamousforhischaracterdevelopment andinsight the pioneeroftragedy,ispraisedespeciallyforhispoeticlanguage. two timesintheannualdramacompetitionsatAthens., not through thespectacleofproduction itself. best playsengenderfearandpitythrough the storyandcharacters, cleansing orrelease oftheseemotions.Aristotle believedthatthe Aristotle, theaudienceexperiencesa arouses theirfeelingsofpityandfear. Attheendofplay,explains the audiencebecomescaughtupinactionbecauseplay knew whatwouldhappen.Nevertheless—according toAristotle— knewthemythsuponwhichplayswere based;they events comeasnosurprisetomostaudiencemembers.Greek Although theplotanditsoutcomeare central toatragedy,the did heplacebelowsecond. prize attheannualDionysiainAthenstwenty-fourtimes; neveronce finest andmostinfluentialplaywrightswhoeverlived. He wonfirst two thousandyearsago,Sophoclesisstillconsidered oneofthe Sophocles (496–406 Three Masters masters ofGreek tragedy:Aeschylus(EHSkih luhs;c.525–456 opposition contributestohisorherdownfall. Aristotle andGreekAristotle Tragedy mayfacean role inensuringthetragichero’s downfall.Inaddition,the In form as make tragedy so compelling for audiences. His foraudiences. make tragedysocompelling judgment. Whenatragicflawisinvolved,itusuallytakes work remains of discussion mostinfluential the Poetics (hah mahrTEEuh),a drama the worldhasseen. drama the fortune asaresult ofwhat theGreeks called Fundamentals ofTragedy tragic Poetics meets hisorherdoom.Themaincharacter, calledthe high rankorimportancewhoisbrought lowandoften recounting related eventsinthelife ofaperson of tragedy.Hedescribesa uhl; 384–322 B.C

Three playwrightsare considered thegrand hubris .). Betweenthem,thethree wonfirstprizeforty- , Aristotle examined the mechanisms that mechanismsthat examinedthe , Aristotle , theGreek philosopherAristotle(arihSTOT B.C , orexcessivepride.Fate,too,playsadecisive or .)

protagonist Although helivedandwrote more than B.C .) provides afamousexamination tragic flaw B.C catharsis .), andEuripides(yooRIHPuh , experiencesthisreversal of , arivalcharacterwhose tragedy

In hislandmarkwork orprofound error in (kuhTHAHRsihs),a asaseriousplay B.C .),

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. with Samos,anislandthatrevolted againstAthensin441 served foratimeascitytreasurer andalsoasageneralintheconflict talented musicianandafrequent contributortoAthenianpubliclife. He that era.Admired forhisgood looksandathleticism,hewasalsoa golden age.Throughout his longlife, heremained aleadingfigure of the PersiansatSalamis,eventthatmarksbeginningofAthens’s chosen toperforminachoralodecelebratingtheAthenianvictoryover in Colonus,nearAthens.Atsixteen,hewasoneoftheyoungmen failure oftheAthenianmilitary expeditiontoSicily. life, hewaselectedtoaspecial committeetoinvestigatethedisastrous the endofAthens’s GoldenAge. surrendered toSpartainthePeloponnesianWar, theeventthatmarks practice ofusingpaintedscenery.Hediedtwoyearsbefore Athens is credited withintroducing athird actortodramaandalsowiththe strong femalecharactersandforhisinsightintohumannature. He and King of whichhavesurvived.Amongthemostcelebratedare first prize.Overthenext62yearshewrote more than120plays,seven annual DionysiaandbeatthecelebrateddramatistAeschylustotake A LeadingLight A GoldenTimetoLive shone. Hiscareer asadramatist beganin468 , thetragedyAristotleconsidered thebestexampleofform, , thestoryofOedipus’daughter. Sophoclesisknownfor

It wasintheater, however, thatSophoclestruly

Sophocles grew upinaprosperous family B.C ., whenheentered the essential question: Oedipus the B.C . Latein 

This paintingbythenineteenth- Apotheosis ofHomer. larger workentitled work isastudyformuch Sophocles, andEuripides.The depicts Aeschylus(withscroll) Auguste-Dominique Ingres century French artistJean- Whatdoesitmeantosee? Literature andCulture The

671 First-Read Guideand Model Annotation of ,the theatrical conventions together created thebasic Athenian playwrightswho was oneofthree Classical emerged inGreek drama. actor, complexrelationships Sophocles addedathird of truedialogue.When actor, creating thepossibility Aeschylus addedasecond chorus andasingleactor. recitations performedbya theater consistedofstatic three great dramatists,Greek and .Before these other twowere Aeschylus Western civilization.The foundation ofdramain 672 proficiently. complexity bandindependentlyand high endofthegrades 9–10text stories, dramas, andpoems, atthe comprehend literature, including By theendofgrade 10, readand Reading Literature  Sophocles About the Playwright

Tool Kit St

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT making meaning andards (496–406 B.C .) opportunity tocompletetheclose-read notesafteryourfirstread. Apply thesestrategiesasyouconductyourfirstread. You willhavean First ReadDRAMA the words inorder from mostfamiliar(1)toleast(3). Part I.Before reading, notehowfamiliaryouare witheachword. Then,rank You willencounterthefollowingwords asyouread Oedipus theKing,PartI review yourrankings.Mark changestoyouroriginalrankingsasneeded. After completingthefirstread, comebacktotheconceptvocabularyand have already read. already knowandwhatyou the selectiontowhat CONNECT those involvedreact astheydo. and about, notice when proclamation what whom decree WORD ithappens, edicts

ideas within ideas within

happens,

the story is the storyis you you and where why

you wanttorevisit. vocabulary andkeypassages A selection. writing abriefsummaryofthe Comprehension Checkandby NNOT R E SP YOUR RANKING A ON Oedipus theKing TE D

by marking by marking by completing the by completingthe ,

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The OedipusMyth The ThebanPlays B play years afterthispointinthelargerstorythat marries him,andhebecomesking.Itisseveral As compensation,therecently widowedqueen thereby savingthecityandbecomingahero. someone cansolvetheriddle.Oedipusdoesso, refuses toabandonitsholdonthecityuntil and eatsanyonewhocannotanswer. Thesphinx posesariddletoallthosewhoapproach head. Waiting neartheentrancetocity, with alion’s body,bird’s wings,andawoman’s In ,thesphinxisacreature city isbeingplaguedbyamonstrous sphinx. Then, ontheroad toThebes,hediscoversthe crossroads, hequarrels withandkillsastranger. parents, hefleesinorder toprotect them.Ata prophecy. refers Believingthewarning tohis adoptive the child,calledOedipus,grows ofthe up,helearns saved andadoptedbyacouplefrom Corinth. When send theinfantoff tobedestroyed, butheisinstead kill hisfatherandmarrymother. Horrified, they also spelled king ofThebes,andhiswife (yohKOStuh; prophecy informsLaius(LAY uhs;alsospelled Seven AgainstThebes several earlierplaysaboutit,althoughonlyhis known toGreek audiences; infact,Aeschyluswrote and heapparently wrote Sophocles didnotwritetheplaysforsameDionysia, chronological trilogy,with as theThebanplays,theyare nowoftenpublishedasa other twoare Greek mythofOedipus(EHD ihpuhs),kingofThebes;the one ofthree survivingplays bySophoclescenteringonthe A CKGR Oedipus theKing OUN Iocaste Oedipus atColonus D F ) thattheirsonwillgrow upto

Oedipus theKing

hassurvived.Inthemyth,a begins. O The mythofOedipuswaswell R Antigone Antigone T H E P and first. LA last.However, Y (or Antigone Laïos . Known ), essential question: ) is using acaneinoldage. walking uprightasanadult,and a humanbeing—crawlingaschild, three intheevening?”Theansweris twoatnoon,and in themorning, answered was“Whathasfourlegs The famousriddlethatOedipus Quick insight Whatdoesitmeantosee? Oedipus theKing, PartI

673 ANCHOR TEXT | DRAMA

Oedipus the King

Sophocles translated by Nicholas Rudall

CHARACTERS Oedipus Shepherd of Priest of Zeus Second Messenger , brother of the queen Chorus of Theban elders © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson Teiresias, a prophet Antigone, daughter of Oedipus Jocasta, the queen , daughter of Oedipus Messenger Boy © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 And thousandsmore, olivewreaths intheirhair, throng the You savedusfrom herplague. You knewnomore thanwe, we Your wisdomsaveduslongago. living sonsofancientCadmus, Oedipus. and at Apollo’s and supplication sacred altars?Whydoyoubringgarlands then fellfrom greatness. the worldremember you asthekingwhooncewasgreat but Remember thatweloveyou foryourcouragelongago.Letnot Remember thatwecallyoutheLiberator. You are thepinnacleofnobility, giveusbackourlives. It cansaveusnowwhentroubles seetheagain. Save us.HealListentothegods.minds ofmortals. Therefore, great KingofThebes,weturntoyou. But yousaveduswhenagodtouchedyourmind. could notteachyou. stone ofherbreast. public squares. Theyhuddlebefore thetwoshrines of Athena priests ofZeus young tobealone.Here are priestsweigheddown with time, stepsmenofallages.Here are boystoo clinging tothealtar’s Priest. I ammovedandtouchedtofindyousupplianthere. Tell me.NeverdoubtthatIwillhelpyouineverywaycan. Do youseekablessingfrom thegods? Tell mewhatistroubling you.Doyoucomeinfear? their behalf. ( your king. Therefore Ihavecomeinpersontohearyouspeak—I,Oedipus My children, Ididnotwanttohearyourdesires from messengers. The airquiverswithlamentationandprayer. The cityislacedwiththebreath ofincense. You savedusfrom theSphinx, But ofallmenyouare themostwiseinwaysofgod. We knowyouare nogod. We havecometoyouoffer ourprayers. plunged intodarkness.Deathalonegrows fatuponouragony. our flesh,andravagesthehouseofCadmus.Mylord, weare plague consumesourcity, strikeslikeboltsoflightning,burns Our cattledie.Women givebirthtostillbornchildren. A deadly There isablightthateatsthebuddingfruits oftheearth. drowning inadeadlysea,issinkingbeneaththewavesofdeath. glowing embersofhisfire. Your eyesseethetruth: Thebesis to aPriest Oedipus,great kingofThebes! You seebefore you Mychildren, youwholiveintheheartofthisourcity, ) You there, sinceyouare theeldest,speakon 3 tothegods? 4 6 —as Iam.Here are youngmenasyetunmarried. templewhere thegodspeaksin 7 1 whosangherdoomfrom the whyhaveyoucometothese 2 andkneelin 5

NOTES 3. 4. 1. 7. 5. 2. 6.

supplication from them. gods bythoseaskingfavors garlands were offered tothe and leaves.InancientGreece, chains offlowers,branches, doing so. became kingofThebesfor by solvingherriddleand Oedipus defeatedtheSphinx to theeventsofthisplay, not solveherriddle.Prior killed anytravelerthatcould and thebodyofalionthat woman, thewingsofabird, Thebes withtheheadofa shuhn) request. disease. of thesun,prophecy, and Zeus Sphinx Athena of theworld. sky, kingofthegodsandruler garlands Oedipus rules. founder ofThebes,thecity Apollo crafts. goddess ofwisdom,war, and Oedipus theKing, PartI (zoos)

n.

(uh POLoh) (sfihngks) (uh THEEnuh) (KAD muhs)

humbleprayeror (GAHR luhndz) (GAHR

Greek godofthe

(suhp luhKAY MULTIMEDIA monsterin SCAN FOR Greek god mythical Greek n.

675 676 NOTES 9. 8.

of renown. Theban statesmanandsoldier laurel show honor. of thelaurel tree, usedto

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT (LAWR uhl) (LAWR

(meh NIHseeuhs)

n. leaves

50 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 You rule thisland.Nomandisputesyour power. But rule over theliving,notdead. You candoitoncemore. Once, yearsago,youturnedourunhappinesstojoy. Save theshipofstatefrom thestorm. I havesentCreon, sonofMenoeceus, In theendIfoundaremedy andIhaveputittowork: I havepacedmyrestless room thinking,thinking. I havebeenweepingforalongtime. I wasnotasleep. You are notwakingme. But Isuffer foryou,mycity, andformyself. What eachofyousuffers isyourownpain,nooneelse’s. not assickI. I knowthatyouare plaguedwithsickness. Yet sickasyouare, brought youhere. Oedipus. our proud shipsmere emptyshells. When nomenthrong thestreets, thecitywallsare nothingand We cannot letitfeeduponusanylonger. are shelteringathingthatiskillingusandbeyond cure. oracle commandsustoexpel from Thebesanoldpollution. We Creon. Oedipus. men? Iwillofcourse.Butshouldwenotgoinside? Creon. still hoverbetweenhopeandfear. Oedipus. they are treated right. Creon. bring usfrom Apollo? Oedipus. (Creon enters) Oedipus. wreath thickwithberries. Priest. hope onhisface. Oedipus. is here. Priest. But wheneverhereturns Iwilldowhatthegodorders. What canbekeepinghim?Thisistheday!Heshouldhere. have returned. I havebeencountingthedaysandamtroubled. Forheshould I must doorpromise todosavethecity. . There at Apollo’s oraclehewilllearn,if hecan,what Thenewsmustbegood.Heiscrowned withlaurel, Your promise isgiveningoodtime.TheysaythatCreon ThenIwilltellyouwhatheard. Inplainwords, the Doyouwishmetospeakinpublicfront ofallthese A powerfulanswer. Ourdeepagonies willbehealedif Letthemhear. ForIsuffer forthemmore thanformyself. Ohmypoorchildren. Iunderstandthepassionsthat Whatdidtheoraclesay? Your words are ambiguous.I Ohbrother, PrinceofThebes,whatanswerdoyou We shallsoonknow. Seewhere he comes. OhLord Apollo, mayhisnewsshineasbrightthe 8 brother ofthequeen,to 9 a

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 Creon. the killerofyourking? Oedipus. vengeance. was besiegedwithothertroubles. There wasnotime for Creon. they were bribedbysomefactionfrom thecity. Oedipus. They were outnumbered andthekingwaskilled. It isinmyowninterest toavengeyourslaughtered king. It mighthappenevennow. Whoever killedKingLaius mightbethedeathofme—whoknows? We mustexpelthisevil. It ismyduty. Idoitnotforsomeunknownfriendbutmyself. this country’sloss. I willobeyhiscommand.standbyyourside. Iwillavenge Apollo isrighttoshow, asyoudo,thisconcernforthedead. Oedipus. destruction. Oedipus. A murder blewthedeadlyplague breath onourcity. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. unlocks thiswholemystery. Oedipus. He escaped,buthisterror madehimforget allbutone thing. Creon. happened? Oedipus. never camehomeagain. Creon. or insomeothercountry? Oedipus. be aware ofeverything. Creon. we findacluetosolvethecrime? Oedipus. revenge uponthemanwhokilledhim. Creon. Oedipus. rule overus. Creon. TheSphinx.Herriddlesstoppedourearsandbrought We considered that.ButwhenLaiuswaskilledthecity Hesaidabandofhighwaymen Theywere allkilled.Exceptforone. Hetoldusthathewasgoingtotheshrineofagod. Apollo saidthekillerisamongstus.We mustsearch and Hewasmurdered. Apollo demands thatwetake Mylord, Laiusoncewasourkingbefore youcameto Byexileorbydeath.Bloodmustanswerforblood. Whatpollution?Howare wetoexpelitfrom ourmidst? Iknow. Ineversawtheman,butotherstoldmeofhim. OnceagainImustbringthedarknessintolight. Whattroubles couldhavestoppedyoufrom finding Strangethathighwaymenshouldbesobold.unless Whatwasthat?Thatonethingmaybethekeythat Was there nowitness.someattendanttotellwhat Where washekilled?Inthepalaceoroutsidecity Where are thekillers?How, aftersomanyyears,can A murder? Whose?Didthegodnotnameman? 10 attackedthem. murder affected thecity. uses todescribehowthe mark thewords Creon the plagueinthisway? effect ofCreon’s describing CONCLUDE: QUESTION: ANNOTATE: CLOSE READ NOTES the plague? to describethearrivalof or imaginativecomparison, playwright useametaphor, 10.

highwaymen Oedipus theKing, PartI Whydoesthe Inline93, Whatisthe

n. robbers.

677 Oedipus andtheSphinx

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 140 135 You three powersofheaven, You bringthetruth ofZeus Apollo, healus! And criesofgrief: Weep, andrend theairwith prayers Old graywomenflocktothealtars, No timetomourntheuncountabledead. Swifter thantheflightofbirds Body fallsuponbody Women inlaborgroan invain. The gentleearthliesbarren. No manhasthewilltofightgodofdeath. Our peopleare sickanddying. Ah whatgriefsuncountableare ours. Descend andsaveus. Come tousnow, defendus. You drove theburningplaguefrom us. Once, whenwewere inthejawsofdeath, We prayto Apollo, distantarcher. Come tousnow, throned onhighaboveyourpeople. Infection breeds, Death feedsupondeath. Corpses litterthecitystreets. Racing totheshores ofNight. Swifter thanthewaveoffire With thegod’shelpwewillbesaved.Without itweare lost. that isinmypower. Call theeldersofThebestogatherhere. Tell themIwilldoall the sun. steps.Raisetheolivebranchesto My children, leavethealtar’s We prayto We prayto Athena. DaughterofZeus,defendus. Immortal voice,goldenchildofHope,speaktous. Or inthecircle oftimeawakenaremembered doom? Do youcastuponusagriefunknownbefore Apollo, GodofHealing,hearus! My hearttrembles withfear. What doyousaytous? To Thebesfrom yourshrineofgold. Chorus. (all exit) our city. May hewalkamongusandhealdrivethisplaguefrom Apollo hassentusanoracle. king hasgivenhisword. Priest. Riseup,mychildren. We cametohearjustthis. And our Ohsweetvoiceof Apollo 12 andthere is 11 ofThebes,hersister. NOTES 12. 11.

multiplies andspreads. Infection breeds Artemis hunt, twinsisterofApollo. goddess ofthemoonand Oedipus theKing, PartI

(AHR tuhmihs) disease Greek

679 680 NOTES 13.

and wine. god ofecstasy,thetheater, MAY shuhn) Dionysus announcement proclamation

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT (dy uhNYsuhs)

n. (prok luh official Greek 210 205 200 195 190 185 180 220 215 And Ihereby joinwiththe godaschampionofourmurdered king. Apollo, stretch tightyourgoldenbow silent andattempttoprotect yourself orafriendandignore my He shallhavemythanksandarichreward. Butif youremain speak outatonce. safety. Ifanymanknowsthatthekillerwasaforeigner, lethim will notbepunishedwithdeathbutmayleavethislandin He mustnotbeafraidforhislongsilence.No,Ipromise thathe man whokilledKingLaius,Iorder himtotellmeeverything. proclamation But now, sinceIbecameacitizenafterthemurder, Imakethis How couldItherefore solveacrimealone? the deeditself. I knewnothingofthisstoryLaius’sdeath, You willfindcomfortandrelief. how toheal. Oedipus. (enter Oedipus) In theconflagrationofyourjoy. Destroy theloathsomegodofDeath Ecstasy ofyourfollowers. Flushed withwineinthewhirlwind Come touswithyourshockofgoldencurls, May yourlife beasearing agony! accomplices: I laythiscurseuponthekiller, whetherheactedaloneorwith who defilesourcity. Thistheoraclehasshowntome. prayers orsacrifices. Hound himfrom yourhomes.Forheitis harbor thekillerorspeaktohim.Givehimnoplace atyour I forbidthepeopleofthiscountry, where Iamking,ever to commands, hearwhatIwilldo: No sword inhandandyetwedie. The War godstalksourstreets, Turn yourshiningfaceuponourpain. Athena, goldenchildofZeus, Dionysus, In ablazeofsavinglight. Artemis, raceacross ourhills Loose yourarrows inourdefense. With lightningstrikethegodofWar. Zeus turnyourfire uponhim, Dies intomorrow’s sun. What life survivesthenight Into thewavesthatkillflames. Send himtotheOcean’sdepths Fire encircles ourscreams. Ihearyourprayer. ListentomeandIwillteachyou 13 GodofThebes, toallmyfellowThebans:Ifanyoneknowsthe

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 265 260 255 250 245 240 235 230 225 of heaven. our country, whichliesbarren anddiseasedthrough the anger This ismycommand.Obeyitforsake, Apollo, andfor Cadmus andKing Agenor! Vengeance forLaius,sonofLabdacus, descendantofgreat hunt thekillerdown. I nowwillbecomethatson,asthoughintruth Iwere, andIwill have produced ason,brother tomychildren. I will behisavenger. Forhadnotfatecuthimdownhemight wife, hisbed,fatheringchildren aswouldheif hehadlived, And nowthatIsitupongreat man’sthrone, possesshis This pollutionhadtobepurged clean. Should themurder ofyourking,noblegounavenged? Let ussupposetheoraclehadnotspoken. killer breaks mybread andshares myhearth, This curseIeventurnuponmyself. Forif itturnsoutthatthe words. Oedipus. your curse. Chorus. saw himdie. Oedipus. Chorus. Oedipus. gossip. Chorus. sent forhim.Iamsurprisedheisnothere. Oedipus. Teiresias. Hemightbringustothelight. Chorus. Oedipus. Chorus. gods tospeakagainsttheirwill. Oedipus. give theanswerandtelluswhomurderer is. My adviceisthis. Apollo posedthequestion.heshould I didnotkillthekingnordoknowwhodid. Chorus. look kindlyuponyouforever more. approve whatIhavedone,praythatJusticeandallthegods loins, maytheyrot onearth.Buttoyouwhoare loyal tomeand crops witherinthefields,maytheyneverseefruit oftheir If anymendisobeymycommands,maythegodsmaketheir Well, if heknowswhatfearis,willrun interror of Itwassaidthathekilledbytravelers. Mymindisstirringnow. Rumorsfrom longago.Mere Mylord, if anymancanspeakwiththegoditis MayIthensuggestasecondplan. Isweartoyoumylord thatIacceptyourcommands. Tell me.Iwanttoknoweverything. Ihavealready doneit.Creon suggestedit. And Ihave And athird if needbe. Your adviceiswelltaken.Butnomancanforce the A manwhocandoathinglikethatisnotafraidof ThatiswhatIheard. But no oneknowsthemanwho 15 14 Itoomustsuffer. hesitation inlines245–248. punctuation thatsuggests ? the reader? Onaviewing do theselineshaveon NOTES CONCLUDE: QUESTION: ANNOTATE: CLOSE READ hesitation? should bespokenwith indicate thatthesewords playwright, ortranslator, 15. 14.

King Agenor hearth Greek hero Achilles. believed tohavetrainedthe mythical kingofPhoenicia, Oedipus theKing, PartI

(hahrth) Whydoesthe Mark the Whateffect

(uh GEEnawr)

n. home.

681 This eighteenth-century drawing depicts the blind seer Teiresias being led by a boy.

NOTES

Chorus. But here comes one who can capture him. Here is Teiresias, whose mind is fired by the god and in whom truth lives and breathes. (enter Teiresias, led by a boy)

270 Oedipus. Teiresias our prophet, you understand all things—the hidden mysteries of the wise, the high things of heaven, and the

low things of the earth. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson Though your eyes cannot see, you know of this plague that infects our city. 275 We turn to you—our one defense—our shield.

682 UNIT 6 • BLINDNESS AND SIGHT © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 315 310 305 300 295 290 285 280 We mustexecutethemorexpelfrom thisland. the murderers ofKingLaius. One coursealonecanfree usfrom thisplague.wemustfind to us: No doubtthemessengerstoldyouwhat Apollo saidinhisreply heart’s content. Teiresias. Oedipus. Teiresias. desperation ofourcity? Oedipus. anger youturnonme. Teiresias. of thisimplacablesilence? Will nothingloosenyourtongue,meltheart,shake youout lifeless stone. Oedipus. will nevertell? Teiresias. Will youbetrayusanddestroy thestate? Oedipus. I willneverreveal mymiseries.oryours. Teiresias. We are yoursuppliants. what youknow. Oedipus. afraid thatI,likeyou,willnotspeaktrue. Teiresias. the countrythatheloves. No true-born Thebanwouldwithholdhisgift ofprophecy from Oedipus. best if youbearyourburden andImine. Teiresias. Oedipus. I would notbehere. brings noreward. Ihadforgotten thatancienttruth. Otherwise Teiresias. There isnogreater honorthanforamantoservehisfellowmen. in yourhands. Save allthepeoplefrom thispollutionofspilledblood.We are Save yourself, yourcountry, andyourking. Therefore giveusfreely ofyourgift ofprophecy. Ihavenothingmore tosay. You canragetoyour Well, whetherIwillspeakornot,whatbebe. You blamemebutyoudonotseeyourself. Inyour Iwillnothurtmyself oryou.Whyaskfrom mewhatI Yes . butyoudonotknowwhatare askingme. Your words, myking,liefarfrom thetruth. Iam Letmegohome.Donotkeephere. Itwouldbe Alas! Itisamiserablethingtobewisewhenwisdom You are awickedman. Your silencewouldangera What!! You knowsomethingbutwillnotspeak? Ohspeak!Holdnothingback.Iorder youtotellus Forshame! Whatiswrong? Whythismelancholymood? Thatistrue. And yourdutyistotellme. Whocouldbecalmwhenheheard youscornthe NOTES Oedipus theKing, PartI

683 made byanauthority word inlines 339and340. repetition have? 684 CONCLUDE: QUESTION: ANNOTATE: CLOSE READ decree NOTES playwright repeat thisword?

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT (dih KREE) Whydoesthe Marktherepeated Whateffect doesthis

n. decision 350 345 340 335 330 325 320 355 And if youwere notblindyouwouldhavedonethattoo. Yes—and diditall—excepttheactualkilling. I thinkitwasyou,yeswhoplannedthemurder. what isonmymind. Oedipus. Teiresias. Oedipus. the handsof Apollo. Teiresias. power overmeoranymanwhocanseethelightof thesun. Oedipus. will layuponyou. Teiresias. For you,inear, inmind,eye,everythingare blind. Oedipus. Teiresias. filth andgetawaywithit? Oedipus. And youknownothingofyoursin. closest ofyourfamily. Teiresias. Oedipus. Teiresias. Oedipus. murderer youseek. Teiresias. Oedipus. provoke meyetagain? Teiresias. your charges. Oedipus. Teiresias. accusation through yourart. Oedipus. Teiresias. scot-free. You tauntmeandthinkbecauseyouare aprophet youwillgo Oedipus. You From thisdayondonotspeaktomeorthesecitizens. words ofyourown Teiresias. are thekiller. You mademespeak. You provoked meagainstmywill. Didyounotunderstandthefirsttime?Will you I Isthatso?Thenhearme!Icalluponyoutoobeythe NotCreon. You bringdestruction uponyourself. True, Ihavenosuchpoweroveryou. Your fateisin Poorfool! You laywords upon mewhichsoonallmen Yes, if there isstrength intruth andtruth doesnot die. Isaythatyouare livingindarkestshamewiththe MustIgoonandinflameyourangerevenmore? Isayyouare themurderer ofthemanwhose Imadeyouspeak??Thenspeakagain.Makeclear Whomadeyousaythis? You didn’tfindthis Holdyourslanderous tongue. Yes, Iamangryand Isthisplotyoursaloneor wasitCreon’s idea? You are achildofendlessdarkness, andyouhaveno Truth livesinothermenbutnotyou. Doyouthinkthatcankeeponspewingoutyour You cansayallyouwant.Itwillbeawasteofbreath. You willregret repeating so foul aslander. Ihalf understoodyourmeaning.Speakagain. am free. Formystrength liesinthetruth. You decree bring thepollutionuponThebes. . I willnotbesilent!Ispeak

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 375 370 365 360 All forthispositionofmajestywhichthecitygavetomethough who wasmyfriend,seeksinsecret tooverthrow me. What envythesethingsbreed—if Creon, Creon whomItrusted, Kingship! Theadmirationofone’ssubjects! Oedipus. Neither thebirds oftheairnorconfigurationsstars It neededthetrue artofprophecy. And youwere foundwanting. The riddlecouldnotbesolvedbyguessing. riddles, whycouldyounotsavethesepeople? true prophet? WhentheSphinxwasdestroying thecitywithher You there! Tell me!Whendidyoueverprove thatyouwere a With scheming beggar-priest. He hasboughttheservicesofthischarlatan,fraud, I didnotseekit. I neededonlymynativewit. And youseektooverthrow me? I stoppedthemouthofSphinx.didnotneedomens. It wasI,Iwhocamehere, Oedipus,anordinary simpleman. could helpyou. money Wealth! Power!Theartofbeingaruler! inhishandseyescansee.Butartisstoneblind. in thebackground. Olivier, accusestheprophetTeiresias. Thechoruswatches In a1945stageproduction,Oedipus,playedbyLaurence 16

NOTES 16.

practiced them. tell thefuture tothosewho and planets,were believedto of themovementsstars birds, andastrology, thestudy the studyofflights the birds . . . thestars Oedipus theKing, PartI Augury,

685 686 NOTES 17.

Cithaeron mountain rangeinGreece.

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT (suh THEEruhn)

410 405 400 395 390 385 380 420 415 You willregret it,youandyourfriendCreon. Oedipus. Teiresias. Otherwise youwouldhavewaitedalongtimetobecalled. Oedipus. Teiresias. Never setfootinmyhouseagain! you! Getoutofmysight! Oedipus. horribly thanyou. Curse methen.Creon. Nomortalwillbepunishedmore children andyourself. All thiswillcometopass—andmore—before youfind your ill-fated return. welcomed youtoThebeswere adirge ofmourning foryour your moans.Foryouwillknowthatthemarriagehymns Oedipus. Teiresias. Oedipus. riddle’s secret. Teiresias. Oedipus. grave. Teiresias. treachery deserves. If itweren’t foryourageyouwouldfeelthepainthat You hopetoreign withCreon inmyplace? Your crieswillechooneveryhill.Cithaeron night. Those eyesthatnowseecleardaywillbecovered withdarkest from thisland. But thecurseofyourparents onedaywilldriveyouwounded In ignoranceyouliveasanenemytothelivinganddead. Who isyourfather, whoisyourmother? You donotknow. You donotknowinwhosehouseyoulive,no,norwithwhom. though youhaveeyescannotseehowlowfallen. This ismyanswer:sinceyoumockedblindness,knowthat You cannotaccusemeofbeingalliedwithCreon. servant. In thisItooamaking.havenomasterbut Apollo. Iamhis mind freely. Teiresias. We mustdecidehowwecanbestobeytheoracle. Chorus. You bothare angry. Butnowisnotthetimeforfury. You knowonlyhowtospeakinthedarknessofriddles. A greatness thatwillbeyour ruin. Ithoughtyouwere theman whocouldunlocka Thisdaywillgiveyouafatherandleadtoyour Thefool?Ha! Your parents thought mewiseenough. Iwouldneverhavecomeif youhadnotordered it. You are theking.ButIhaverighttospeakmy Isavedthiscity! Yes! Mockmefortheskillthatmadegreat. Myparents? Whowere they?Speak. Ididnotknowyouwouldplaythefool. MustIendure hisinsolence?Damnationfallupon 17 willringwith

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 465 460 455 450 445 440 435 430 425 And everonhistracktheFuries Your presence here disturbsmyworld. Parnassus! Like houndsscentingblood. In the blinding light of his father’s fire. In theblindinglightofhisfather’s For onhisheels Apollo races He mustflylikethewind’sswift steeds. Who isthismanofunspeakabledarkness? But whoisthemantookbloodofkings? Chorus. (exit Oedipus,Teiresias, andBoy) no gift forprophecy. If youfindthatIhavenotspokentruth, thenyoucansayIhave Go innowandthinkuponmywords. his bed. And tohisfatherhewillbebothkillerandthemanwhoshared To herwhogavehimbirthbothsonandhusband. To hischildren hewillbebothbrother andfather. exile. Leaning uponhisstaff, hewilltaptheearththatleadshiminto There isnowhere tohidefrom thelight Ready tostrike. Raging inthehauntingdarkashisdoomhovers, Like abullintheforest’s shadow, Find thekiller. Findthemanwhoroams You flashtoearththeicywillofgods. There isnoproof. Howthen canIquestionhishonor Between ourroyal houseandPolybus,fatherofour king. There wasnoquarrel everthatIknew Past norfuture. Iamadrift onthewind. I amlost.havenowords. Icanseeneither Troubles medeeply. Isthere truth inhisart? The manskilledinthebeatingofwingsbirds When voicesdivinehunthimdown. shrine, Of Apollo’s Teiresias. Oedipus. Teiresias. Though hewearpurple, will beblind. His goodfortunewillturntosorrow. Thoughhehaseyes, You thinkofhimasforeign-born. ButheisaTheban. decrees—the manwhokilledtheking—thatishere. Hear me:themanyouseekwithyour You cannotdomeharm. afraid ofyou. TheOracleatDelphihasspoken. Igo.Butfirstwilltellyouwhycame.amnot Itistimetoleave.Comeboy. Yes, takehimaway. Leavemeinpeace. 20 Blindingpeakofsnow! 18 he will wear beggar’s rags. hewillwearbeggar’s 19 followhard edicts warrantsand NOTES 18. 20. 19. from apublicauthority edicts

royalty. and important,especially purple Parnassus punishers oftheguilty. goddesses ofvengeance; the Furies oracle atDelphi. mountain withinsightofthe Oedipus theKing, PartI (EE dihkts) color worn bytherich colorworn

feared Greek (pahr NAS uhs)

n. commands sacred

687 688 NOTES

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT 500 495 490 485 480 475 470 505 What proof isthere? Onemanmaypossess But thataprophet knowsmore thanI, Know thewaysofmortalmen. Zeus and Apollo knowallthings, And inafeudofbloodpursuethisuntrackedmurder? Oedipus. to hearme. Creon. A crown mustbefoughtfororbought. support offriends. You are thefoolif youthink cangetthecrown withoutthe treachery—too frightened nottofightback? Did youthinkIwastoostupidtoseeyourslithering Is thatwhyyouhatchedthisplotagainstme? Tell me,didyouthinkIwasafoolorcoward? usurp thethrone. There isnodoubtinmymindthatyouplannedtokillmeand Do youhavethegalltocomenearmypalace? Oedipus. (enter Oedipus) my king. Chorus. out ofhissenseswhenhemadethishideousaccusation? Creon. Chorus. bring falsecharges? Creon. thinking whenhespoke. Chorus. friends. I amcharged withbeingatraitortothestateandyou,my private mistake. face ofthisdishonor. ForIamnotbeingaccusedofsomeminor words—in thispresent crisisthenIputnovalueonmylife in If hethinksthatIhaveharmedhim—bymyactionsorin I haveheard thatOedipushasaccusedmeofagrievouscharge. Creon. ( To mymindheiswiseandguilt-free. Was testedhard andshonelikegold. He savedourcityfrom theSphinx Upon myking? Without thetruth before myeyes—castblame More wisdomthananother. SohowcanI— enter Creon Myfellowcitizens,Ihavecomehere tolodgeaprotest. Nowyoulistentome. You havespoken.Itisyourturn Howdidhelook?Surely hemusthavebeen Didanyonedare tosuggestthatIhadurged theseer to Idonotknow. Itisnotformetojudgethebehaviorof Suchthingswere mentioned.Idonotknowwhy. Thekingwasangry. Hiswords were rash.Hewasnot Ohyes,youhaveasilver tongue. You there! Whatare youdoinghere? )

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 545 540 535 530 525 520 515 510 Creon. Oedipus. Creon. But howcanIlearnanythingfrom mydeadliestenemy? I have nolongingforthe power butwithouttheresponsibility? Icertainlywould not. any manchoosethetroubles, theanxietyofpower if hehadthat Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. But letmequestionyounow. Creon. Laius’s death. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. talking about? Creon. family andgetawaywithit. Oedipus. Nottrue. Nowbegintoreason logicallyasIhave.Would And withthetwoofyouI have athird share ofpower? And asyourwife andqueen,sheshares thethrone? You marriedmysister. Isthatcorrect? Ifheaccusedyou,youare theonlyonewhoknows ofit. Whatisthat?Iwilltellyoueverything. Idonotknow. And sinceIdon’t,willholdmytongue. Ofcourse.Butnothingwasdiscovered. Nottomyknowledge.No. Yes. Skilledthenasnow, anddeserving hisreputation. Idon’tknow.Itwasmanyyearsago. Laius.?Whatare youtalkingabout? Idid.woulddoitagain. Thatisafairstatement.Butwhatbetrayalare you You are headstrong andstubborn.Changeyourways. First,Iwouldprove thatthosewords are nottrue. DidyouordidnotadvisemetosummonTeiresias? Proceed. Prove meakillerif youcan. Thatitwas There isonethingyouknowandcouldspeakof. Whydidourprophet nottellhisstorythen? Was there nosearch, noformalinquiry? Didhespeakofmetheninanyway? Was Teiresias thecity’sprophet atthetime? .sinceLaiusleftthisearthinbloodyviolence? HowlonghasitbeensinceLaius. And youare afoolif youthinkamancanbetrayhis Thatyouare notmyenemy? Yes. And itisthatwhichmakes youatraitor. Shehasallherheart’sdesires. WhywouldIdenyit? you name who madeTeiresias accusemeof of king.Iprefer to live likeone. NOTES words inlines545–550. clarifying Creon’s reasoning? of thisemphasis,especiallyin CONCLUDE: QUESTION: ANNOTATE: CLOSE READ emphasize thesewords? playwright, ortranslator, Oedipus theKing, PartI Whydoesthe Marktheitalicized Whatistheeffect

689 690 NOTES This 2002stageproductionoftheplaypresentsanothervisionChorus.

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT 565 560 555 550 575 570 There shouldbenorush tojudgment. Chorus. A wickedmanisdiscovered inthepassinglightofasingleday. of true justice. In timeyouwillknowthetruth. Time aloneunlocksthesecrets friend. A manshouldoffer uphisprecious life ratherthanbetraya You cannotonawhimjudgegoodmanbad,badgood. But donotfindmeguiltyonmere suspicion,withoutappeal. I willjoinwithyouinmyowncondemnation. death. If youfindthatIconspired withTeiresias, thencondemnmeto The godwillspeakthetruth. If youdoubtme,gotoDelphi,learnif whatIhavesaidistrue. Nor wasIevertemptedbythethoughtorshared inanyintrigue. That wouldbeinsane. And Iamnotmad. So shouldIexchangethiscomfortablelife foronelikeyours? I knowhowtogetwhattheyaskofme. Those whowantafavorfrom youare kindtome. I amwelcomeeverywhere .peoplegreet meeverywhere. I amnotmad.neednogreater honorsthanIhavenow. untroubled life Inowlead? So whyshouldIseekthecrown ratherthanthepleasant, But if Iwere kingIwouldhavetodothingswhichdidnotwant. I havenothingtofear. that Iwant, Any sensiblemanwouldfeelthesameway. All myneeds,all Hiswords are carefully chosen.Thisdemandsdiscretion. you provide.

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 595 590 585 580 Jocasta. (enter Jocasta) For shealonecanresolve this quarrel. Jocasta iscomingfrom her chambers.Itistime,ohittime. Chorus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. Oedipus. Creon. I wanttheworldtoseepunishmentthattreason brings. Oedipus. Creon. overthrow me. I mustbeasquicktocounterhim.Ifdonothing,hewill Oedipus. Itismycitytoo! Evenif youare wrong? Whatif youare wrong? Inthenameofjustice,believeme! Thenyouare afool. You stillresist thetruth? You willnotbelieveme? Sowhatisyourintent.tosendmeintoexile? Mylords, keepyourpeace. Iseethequeen. You are fools!Whydoyoushoutinangerlikethis? Imuststillbeking. You are awicked,evilman. Forprotecting myself? WhyshouldI? Exile? Buthe.didnotrush intohisschemes,plots? Ohmycity, mycity. No! Iwantyoudead. NOTES Oedipus theKing, PartI

691 692 NOTES

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT 625 620 615 610 605 600 635 630 And you,Creon .gonow. (to Oedipus) like petulantchildren. Do youhavenoshame?Thecityisdying,andhere youfight (exit) Creon. Oedipus. It willcomeback,thisanger, tohauntyou. Your angerstillseetheswithinyourheart. Creon. goes hewillbehated. move metothischangeofheart.Nothe.forwherever he shame, leavingthisThebesthatIlove. You, youcitizens, you And letmedieif thatiswhatmustbe.orwanderintoexilein Oedipus. your hate. My heartisdying,witheringfastwhenIhearyouranger, hear by thegodsif evermeantthat! Chorus. exile forme.? Oedipus. You shouldnotseemtobeblindedbymalicetoward him. You shouldnotmistrust hiswords. Chorus. Oedipus. Chorus. Oedipus. And nowhehasswornbefore thegods. Chorus. Oedipus. Chorus. For mysakeandfortheseourcitizens. In thenameofgods,believehimwhenheswears. Jocasta. harm! Creon. him plottingagainstmylife. Oedipus. Your husbandwillsendmeintoexileortomydeath. Creon. No more ofthisquarreling overnothing! Overnothing? You are wrong, mysister. Igo. You misjudgedme—thesemendidnot. You makepeace,butyourwords are fullofhate. No! Trust Creon. Hehasneverspokenlikeafool. Listentoher, mylord. Ibegyoulistentoher. Creon hasbeenyourfriend.Heswornanoath. Ido. Ohbelievehim,Oedipus! No! Whatdoyouwantmetodo? ThatiswhatIwilldo.Forhavecaughthim, Leavemeinpeace.Gonow. Thenlethimgo. You understandthatwhatyousaymeansdeathor Thenspeakon. Doyouknowwhatare askingofme? Letmedieamongstthedamnedif Ieverwishedyou Comeintothehouse. Iswearby Apollo, mayIdiealoneandcursed

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 675 670 665 660 655 650 645 640 Jocasta. Chorus. Jocasta. Chorus. changed thecourseoffate. others, ofcourse,todothis. We knewthenthat Apollo had pierced hisankles,lefthim onahilltodie.Hegavethechild We hadason,butwhenhewasonlythree daysoldLaius He waskilledwhere three roads meet. highwaymen inbroad daylight. Laius .atleastthiswasthestorykilledby son . . . mychildandhis. The word wasthatLaius would dieatthehandofhisown probably from hispriests. Oracle atDelphi—Iwillnotsayitwasfrom thegodhimself . Let metellyou.Oncelongagoword cametoLaiusfrom the I know. I in theprophetic art. Jocasta. bought. He speaksthrough themouthofaprophet .one that hehas Oedipus. Jocasta. Oedipus. Jocasta. Your brother Creon conspired againstme. I willtellyou. Oedipus. you soviolentlyangry? Jocasta. There isnoonebutyou.whocansaveus. state intosafeharbor. And whenthewindslashedourcity, youbrought ourshipof country great. I wouldbecalledafoolif Iabandonedyounow. You madethis Chorus. But whywouldyoutrytostopmefrom doingwhatImustdo? thinking ofme. Oedipus. Let sleepinggriefslieintheirbeds. Chorus. Jocasta. Chorus. Myking,Iwillsaythisoncemore. Ask menomore. Thebesisdying. Both. There were rumors. And liesbreed anger. Lady, takeyourhusbandintothe palace. Thenletyourconsciencerest. Hearme.Ihavenobelief Doesheknowthisorisitsomerumor? Why?Whatwasthecause? Imustaskyou,myhusbandandking,whatmade Whatwassaid? Were bothtoblame? Tell mefirst,whatstartedthisquarrel? know Heistooclevertoaccusehimself. Heaccusesmeofmurdering Laius. Iloveyou.more thanallthesecitizens.So Thatisstrangeadvice,myfriend.Iknowyouare . NOTES line 667. the sentencesherepeats in Jocasta repeats inline659.Mark play’s keyideas? repetition relate tooneofthe CONCLUDE: QUESTION: ANNOTATE: CLOSE READ word andphrase? playwright haveherrepeat this Oedipus theKing, PartI Whydoesthe Marktheword Howdoesthis

693 694 NOTES

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT production. in afamous1945stage Thorndike asJocasta Oedipus andSybil Laurence Olivieras 685 680 695 690 for me! Oedipus. won thiskingdom. Jocasta. Oedipus. or Daulia. It iswhere theroad toThebesdivides,andyoucangoDelphi Jocasta. Oedipus. Jocasta. Oedipus. Jocasta. shadow chilledmymind. Oedipus. Pay itnomind.Godaloneshowsusthetruth. That iswhattheprophet said,myking. The terror oftheprophecy woulddiethere onthehills. The sonwouldneverkillhisfather. We heard aboutitjustbefore youcame.Justbefore you Phocis.thatisthenameoftown Thatwaswhatwewere told atthetime. Whatwasitthattouchedyou? Ohwhatanetofdeathhave thegodsbeenweaving When? Where? You saidthatLaiuswaskilledwhere three roads meet. A shadowcrossed mymindasyouspoke. And the

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 735 730 725 720 715 710 705 700 I keptquietthatnight. thoughithurt. And Iwasangry. son. father’s A mangotdrunk andshoutedtotheworldthatIwasnotmy There wasafeast. perhaps itshouldnot. One dayastrangethinghappened.itaffected medeeply. I wasaprince. up inCorinth. Jocasta. was he? Oedipus. Jocasta. Polybus ofCorinth And Ineedtotalksomeone.you. a mountainoffear. Oedipus. tell meofyourfears. Jocasta. questions. Ineedtotalkhim. Oedipus. Jocasta. Oedipus. He wasaslave,buthehadearnedthissimplegift. tend theirflocks.Farfrom here, hesaid,Igrantedhim hiswish. begged metosendhimthecountrysidewhere theshepherds now ourking.hecametome.Hetouchedmyhand Jocasta. Oedipus. Jocasta. Who toldyouwhathappened? Oedipus. He wasdriving. was asinglechariot. Jocasta. his office or.? Oedipus. Jocasta. But tellme,meallyouknow. Oedipus. Jocasta. Oedipus. your height. Thenhewillbehere. Butyoumusttalktometoo . Ofcourse.Butwhy? No.Whenhecamebackhere andfoundthatyouwere A servant.Hewastheonlyonetoescape. There were justfivemen.Onewasamessenger. There Iwilltellyoueverything.Butnowfeargripsmysoul. Iamafraid.Whenlookonyou Hewastall.Hishairbecominggray. Hewasabout Oedipus,whyare yousotroubled? Ifeelthatmyowncursenowbeginstodescendonme. Ioweyouthat—ohthat.Forhaveclimbed Ihavebeentoomuchalone.askedfew Canyougethimbackhere quickly? Ishestilloneofours? Aaagh, thatisenough,enough. Was thekingaccompaniedbymanymen—asbefitting Perhaps theseerwhohasnoeyescanseetruth. Donotaskme.Notyet.Tell meaboutLaius—howold 21 ismyfather. MymotherisMerope. Igrew NOTES 21.

Corinth in ancientGreece. Oedipus theKing, PartI (KAWR ihnth)

city-state

695 696 NOTES 22.

anathema adj.

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT detestedorcursed. (uh NATH uhmuh)

775 770 765 760 755 750 745 740 785 780 I foundpeaceinthat.Butthesuspicionlaythere. Always. Inmy of adrunken fool. They toowere veryangry. Theysaiditwasthemindlessranting them aboutthis. The nextdayIwenttoseemyfatherandmother. Iasked Corinth again. But Icannevergohometo thelandthatIlove.neversee So Imustrun .run from thiscityofThebes. I ampolluted.theembodimentofevil. these handsthatkilledyourhusband! Oh think,ohthink.Ihavetouchedyouwiththese hands. I havecursedmypitiful self. I amanathema. me. Nocitizenhere must shelter me.Nomanmustspeakto then canIhide.escapefrom mymisery?Thegodsmusthate Now if thatman.if Laiuswere partofmyfamily .where He rolled ontheground. Ibeathimtodeath.killedthemall! I hithimback!Ohknockedoutofthechariot. The oldmansawthisandhitmehard withhisscepter. As themanlurched toward meIstruck him.Iwasangry. The maninthechariotordered himtodoso. me off theroad. The groom—who wasleadingthehorsesbyreins—forced He wasseatedthere withinit. you described. There wasachariot,horses,andmanwholookedlikethe came toward me. There were three roads thatmetwhere Iwastraveling. A herald I willtellyouallthathappened. And Icamehere .here where Laiuswaskilled. I neverwantedtoseteyesuponthehorror spokenbythegod. I movedonward, everonward. Western stars. From thatdayCorinthwasbutadistantlandtouchedbythe I listened. And Ifled. He saidthatIwouldkillmyownfather. in horror. children from thatwomb,andtheworldwouldturnaway He saidthatIwouldbedmyownmother, thatIwouldbreed terror, pain,andthingsunbearable. His words were sometimesascleartheburningsun,fullof He spokeofotherthings. The godwassilent.Heanswered notaword. Butthenhespoke. oracle. Iquestionedhim. I saidnothingtomyparents. IwentstraighttoDelphi,the I knewthatpeopletalked.couldnotbestill.hadtoleave. mind. 22

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 815 810 805 800 795 790 You gods,pityme. You are allpowerful.Butletmeneversee that day. Ohletmevanishwithout tracefrom thisearthrather savage intheiranger. Ah, thiswasmydestinywhenIborn.Thegodsare cruel, I liveinterror ofkillingmyfatherandlyingwithmother. (exit OedipusandJocasta) please you. Jocasta. right away. Oedipus. of theoracles. No, from nowonIwillgivenotasecond’sthoughttothewords But he,poorchild,nevershedanyblood.Hediedtoosoon. Apollo saidexplicitlythatLaiuswoulddieatthehandsofmyson. of Laiusconformwiththeoracle. But evenif hisstorywere tochange,hecannotmake thedeath I heard itfrom hismouthasdidtherest ofThebes. cannot changehistunenow. Jocasta. guilt isinescapable. There wasnooneelse.Butif hesaysthere wasonlyone,my I was alone. If hestillspeaksofseveralkillers,thenIwasnotthemurderer. highwaymen hadkilledtheking. Oedipus. Jocasta. Oedipus. Jocasta. this shepherd. Oedipus. But untilyouhavequestionedthesurvivor, keepyourhopesalive. Chorus. than knowthefatethatmakesmeloathedamongstmankind. We feelyouranguish,mylord. Thentakeheart.Forthisisindeedwhathesaid.He WhatwasitIsaidthatyoufindimportant? Whatdoyouexpectfrom himwhenhecomes? Itisasgooddone.Letusgoin.Iwishonlyto You mayindeedberight.Butsendfortheshepherd You usedtheword “highwaymen.”Hesaidthat Onlythis:if hisaccountmatchesyours,Iamcleared. Myhopesare dying,buttheywillawaitthecomingof NOTES Oedipus theKing, PartI

697 Complete thefollowingitemsafteryoufinishyourfirstread. Check Comprehension 698 Research toExplore Research toClarify Research 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. of theplay? research shedlightonanaspect thatdetail.Inwhatwaydoestheinformationyoulearned Cithaeron, Thebes,etc.).You maywanttoshare withtheclass. whatyoulearn

UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT What doesOedipusaccuseCreon ofdoing? According totheOracle,whatissolutionproblems Thebesfaces? How didOedipusbecomekingofThebes? As theplayopens,whatdisasterhasbefallenThebes?

Notebook

Confirm yourunderstandingofthetextbywritingasummary.

Choose atleastoneunfamiliardetailfrom thetext.Briefly

Research someoftheplacesmentionedinplay(Corinth,

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1. synonyms foreachword. Refertoadictionaryorthesaurusasneeded. vocabulary words, writeadefinitionforeachone.Then,listoneortwo 4. 3. 2. each word’s meaning. definition foreachword. Then,explainhowtheroot Record three otherwords thatare formed from theroot Latin root - A the effect ofthatrepetition? Oedipus. Markthenouns.Whatword isrepeated? Whatis Reread lines347–351inthe argumentbetweenTeiresias and Close Readthe Word Study Practice Why TheseWords? Concept pronouncements. Findotherwords inPartIthatrelate tothisconcept.

nalyze the nalyze the control theirownfates?Explain. do bothJocastaandOedipusseemtobelieveabouttheirabilities in prophecy? (a) what wayscanbothsee? of PartI,inwhatdifferent waysare OedipusandTeiresias bothblind?In darkness, vision,andinsight? (a) Apollo afterOedipuspromises toavengeLaius? he canfindthemurderers? killers? (a) Oedipus’ reception ofCreon whenCreon returnsfrom Apollo’s oracle? that hasstrickenThebes? (a) proclamation

Notebook Notebook Notebook

MA In lines665–683,whatreasons doesJocasta give fornothavingfaith Classify Interpret Why doesOedipusfeelheisthepersonmostaffected bytheplague (b) dict KI

Connect NG

-, meaning“say”or“speak.”

V Which detailsinTeiresias’ speechinlines385–406refer to

(b) Latin Root: To demonstrateyourunderstandingoftheconcept Respond tothesequestions Why havetheleadersofThebesfailedtopursueLaius’ ocabulary

Compare andContrast MEAN T

decree ext

The three conceptvocabularywords relate toofficial How doesthisfactstrengthen Oedipus’beliefthat T ext (b) -dict-

I (c) NG

Interpret (b)

Analyze Compare andContrast

edicts language development The word

How doesthisfactaffect Why doesthechorusappealto

At thispointintheplay,what . edicts isformedfrom the to supportyouranswers. C -dict- it -dict-. e t contributesto ex ESSENTIAL QUESTION: t

u At theend Write a al ev i de nc e Whatdoesitmeantosee? Oedipus theKing, PartI OEDIPUS THE KING, PART I KING, THE OEDIPUS or itsetymology. precise meaning, itspartofspeech, a wordordetermineclarifyits digital, tofindthepronunciationof reference materials, bothprint and • speech. different meaningsorpartsof of wordchangesthatindicate • Language  text toyourWord Network. blindness andsightfrom the Add words related to Consult general andspecialized Identify andcorrectlyusepatterns 

STANDARDS

W O R D

NET W O

RK 699 700 2. 1. Practice

SECTION OFPLAY ode, lines 444–478 ode, lines 200–443 episode, lines 144–199 parados, lines prologue, 1–143 lines

UNIT heighten thedramatictension? about thechorus’s words afterJocastaarrives? Cre lines 479–596.Howdoesthechorusinterveneindialogue betweenOedipusand In additiontosingingodes,thechorusmayinteractwith thecharacters. that isprovided oractionthattakesplaceineachsectionlisted. Scan orreread PartIof MAKING MEANING OEDIPUS THE KING, PART I KING, THE OEDIPUS Notebook on?

6

(b) BLINDNESS Reviewtheremainder ofthescenethatconcludesPartI.Whatisdifferent

Respond tothesequestions.

AND Oedipus theKing

SIGHT format. Note that some modern translationsdeviatefromformat. Notethatsomemodern strictclassical dialogue takestheformofpoetry.Greek tragediesfollowaconsistent form, observingsome—butnotall—theseconventions. Structure ofGreek Plays Analyze CraftandStructure INFORMATION AND/ORACTION • • • • • • The tragedyconcludeswithan drama originated. thanksgiving, toDionysus,theGreek godatwhosefestivalsclassical Before thefinalscene, chorusperformsa theatricalproductions.the endsofscenesinmodern They serveafunctionsimilartothatofthecurtaincomingdownat Additional songs,called and containsdialogueamongcharacters. The paradosisfollowedbythefirstscene,whichcalledan opening song. they commentontheplay,thenentersandperformsa The and describestheconflict. They openwitha chorus . Then,usethecharttorecord information , agroup ofperformerswho speakandmovetogetheras (c) Inwhatwaysdoesthechorus prologue

Greek playsare odes thatpresents background information , are presented attheendofeachscene. exodos (a) verse drama , orfinalscene. Rer ead to supportyouranswers. CITE TEXTUALEVIDENCE paean, , inwhichthe orsongof parados episode , or

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. answering chorus’s recitals, orodes,oftendivideintotwoparts—a provides keybackground informationandcommentaryontheaction.The Between eachsceneorepisodeofdialogueamongcharacters,thechorus move togetherastheycommentontheplay)iscentraltoGreek drama. “commentary” ontheactionofplay. The Greek Chorus Author’s Style Write It 2. 1. Reread theodethatbeginswithline444.Then,answerquestions. Read It Main Idea: Lines: STROPHE

• • • • Teiresias? Why? In whichcharacterdoesthechorusdecidetoputitsfaith—Oedipus or the chorusexpress intheantistrophe? does thechorusexpress abouttheking’s killer? Which linesmakeuptheantistrophe? Record youranswersinthechart. Notebook who helpedpaythecostsofproducing aplay. as withtheactors.InancientGreece, thechoragoswasoftenapatron choragus To helppropel theplot,chorusleader, or stands still. Some odeshaveaconcludingstanza,or strophe whilemovinginthe oppositedirection. During theantistrophe, thechorusresponds tothemessageof action. Thechorussingswhiletwistinganddancingfrom righttoleft. During thestrophe, thechorus expresses aninitialpositionontheplay’s antistrophe ), oftenexchangesthoughtswiththerest ofthechorus,aswell

Write aparagraphinwhichyoudescribehowthisodeoffers

The chorus(agroup ofperformers whospeakand . (a) Whichlinesmakeupthestrophe? (b) Inthestrophe, whatmainidea epode choragos (c) , whenthechorus Whatmainideadoes strophe Main Idea: Lines: ANTISTROPHE ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (alsospelled andan Whatdoesitmeantosee? Oedipus theKing, PartI as mystery, tension, orsurprise. manipulate timecreatesucheffects text, orderevents withinit, and concerning howtostructurea Analyze howanauthor’s choices Reading Literature  Oedipus theKing, fromwhat youlearned Evidence Logandrecord new selection,gotoyour Before movingontoa 

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UNIT 6•BLINDNESS ANDSIGHT making meaning andards words inorder from mostfamiliar(1)toleast(3). Before reading, notehowfamiliaryouare witheachword. Then,rankthe II. You willencounterthefollowingwords asyouread OedipustheKing,Part Concept Vocabulary II Part King, the Oedipus opportunity tocompletetheclose-read notesafteryourfirstread. Apply thesestrategiesasyouconductyourfirstread. You willhavean First ReadDRAMA review yourrankings.Mark changestoyouroriginalrankingsasneeded. After completingthefirstread, comebacktotheconceptvocabularyand already read. know andwhatyouhave selection towhatyoualready CONNECT those involvedreact astheydo. and about, NOTICE when ithappens,andwhy what happens,where inexorable prophecy the story is whom thestoryis oracles WORD ideas within the ideas withinthe

selection. writing abriefsummaryofthe Comprehension Checkandby ANNOTATE you wanttorevisit. vocabulary andkeypassages RESPOND YOUR RANKING by marking by marking by completing the by completingthe

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