Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019

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Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 1 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Grammar Notes Every complete sentence has two parts: Subject and Predicate. Complete Subject: Who or what a sentence is about. Complete Predicate: What happens (the action) to the subject. (S) (P) Bottle fell. The bottle fell suddenly. The plastic water bottle fell on the floor suddenly. 2 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Step One: FIND THE VERB! 3 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Step One: FIND THE VERB! Step Two: Ask yourself “who or what is doing that verb?” The words in the sentence that answer that question will be the complete subject. 4 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Grammar Notes Helping Verb: helps a main verb in a sentence achieve tense; does not express action. was, is, are, am, were HV MV I was teaching grammar. HV MV He is leaving school. HV MV You and I are going on vacation. Linking Verb: links subject to predicate; does NOT help a main verb; does not express an action; tells time (tense). was, is, are, am, were adj She is cute. adj Dad was sleepy. art Tex and I had a good time. 5 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Step One: FIND THE VERB! Step Two: Ask yourself, “Who or what is doing that verb?” The words in the sentence that answer that question will be the complete subject. Grammar Practice 1 Directions: label the complete subjects and predicates. 1. The lacrosse game ended with a victory for our team. 2. She walked home in the snowstorm. 3. The man with the big hat, dark glasses, and baggy pants scared me. 4. My English teacher dropped my favorite water bottle on the floor. = Subject = Predicate 6 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Grammar Practice 2 Directions: Label all parts of speech (including the prepositions in parentheses), find the antecedent for the pronoun, and use parentheses to indicate subjects and predicates. The talented American musician's operatic singing entertained a crowd (of) visiting British tourists and locals (in) Manhattan to support his college's distinguished music program. = Subject = Predicate 7 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Grammar Practice 3 Directions: Label all parts of speech (including the prepositions in parentheses), find the antecedent for the pronoun, and use parentheses to indicate subjects and predicates. 1. Tim and Beth were going to try scuba diving (on) their summer vacation (in) the Bahamas. = Subject = Predicate 8 Subject and Predicate November 12, 2019 Grammar Practice 4 Directions: Label all parts of speech (including prepositions in parentheses), find the antecedent for the one pronoun, and use parentheses to indicate subjects and predicates. (On) Dave's extended fishing trip (to) Canada, the nighttime driving was extremely arduous (for) him to accomplish safely (in) a squalling storm. = Subject = Predicate 9.

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Logophoricity in Finnish
Open Linguistics 2018; 4: 630–656 Research Article Elsi Kaiser* Effects of perspective-taking on pronominal reference to humans and animals: Logophoricity in Finnish https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0031 Received December 19, 2017; accepted August 28, 2018 Abstract: This paper investigates the logophoric pronoun system of Finnish, with a focus on reference to animals, to further our understanding of the linguistic representation of non-human animals, how perspective-taking is signaled linguistically, and how this relates to features such as [+/-HUMAN]. In contexts where animals are grammatically [-HUMAN] but conceptualized as the perspectival center (whose thoughts, speech or mental state is being reported), can they be referred to with logophoric pronouns? Colloquial Finnish is claimed to have a logophoric pronoun which has the same form as the human-referring pronoun of standard Finnish, hän (she/he). This allows us to test whether a pronoun that may at first blush seem featurally specified to seek [+HUMAN] referents can be used for [-HUMAN] referents when they are logophoric. I used corpus data to compare the claim that hän is logophoric in both standard and colloquial Finnish vs. the claim that the two registers have different logophoric systems. I argue for a unified system where hän is logophoric in both registers, and moreover can be used for logophoric [-HUMAN] referents in both colloquial and standard Finnish. Thus, on its logophoric use, hän does not require its referent to be [+HUMAN]. Keywords: Finnish, logophoric pronouns, logophoricity, anti-logophoricity, animacy, non-human animals, perspective-taking, corpus 1 Introduction A key aspect of being human is our ability to think and reason about our own mental states as well as those of others, and to recognize that others’ perspectives, knowledge or mental states are distinct from our own, an ability known as Theory of Mind (term due to Premack & Woodruff 1978).
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Predicate Logic
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Pronouns, Logical Variables, and Logophoricity in Abe Author(S): Hilda Koopman and Dominique Sportiche Source: Linguistic Inquiry, Vol
MIT Press Pronouns, Logical Variables, and Logophoricity in Abe Author(s): Hilda Koopman and Dominique Sportiche Source: Linguistic Inquiry, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Autumn, 1989), pp. 555-588 Published by: MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4178645 Accessed: 22-10-2015 18:32 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. MIT Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Linguistic Inquiry. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.97.27.20 on Thu, 22 Oct 2015 18:32:27 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Hilda Koopman Pronouns, Logical Variables, Dominique Sportiche and Logophoricity in Abe 1. Introduction 1.1. Preliminaries In this article we describe and analyze the propertiesof the pronominalsystem of Abe, a Kwa language spoken in the Ivory Coast, which we view as part of the study of pronominalentities (that is, of possible pronominaltypes) and of pronominalsystems (that is, of the cooccurrence restrictionson pronominaltypes in a particulargrammar). Abe has two series of thirdperson pronouns. One type of pronoun(0-pronoun) has basically the same propertiesas pronouns in languageslike English. The other type of pronoun(n-pronoun) very roughly corresponds to what has been called the referential use of pronounsin English(see Evans (1980)).It is also used as what is called a logophoric pronoun-that is, a particularpronoun that occurs in special embedded contexts (the logophoric contexts) to indicate reference to "the person whose speech, thought or perceptions are reported" (Clements (1975)).
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Chapter 6 Mirativity and the Bulgarian Evidential System Elena Karagjosova Freie Universität Berlin
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30. Tense Aspect Mood 615
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