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• I:==:THE=:I:N:DIAN::~S~C~HO~O~L~J~O~URN~AL~-!!!!A!!!!D!!!!VE!R!TI!SIN~G~S~E~CT.IO~N __...1
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We thoroughly uoderstand the wants of tfIe ullfw buyer. ()peralfug the most complete Eugravlug and Prlulfug MaD· Order plant lu America day and nfgbt, you receive prompt Service, salfsfactory goods and prices that create frleuds Whether yoU are lD Mexico, New York or 'rrtseo. DbrslraUODII 01 n't:17 Idad and 4eser1pUoa.. dtM:r fa eGlon or bladeaDd willie. PI'tnIba8. saa .. MoIdds.l1oe ealalogs, private cwu:sp..daaee JMIJ1'G'. olfIee stal1011UY. de. AD _ ...... _ ... prompll)' and -eaII7. Wort< mild or .._" Bad<. WIlI1'E NOW AND "WE'LL oEUVElt THE GOODS.
Mention Tal JOUR..'i.u. whenever yon write to our advertisers. 2 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION The Farmers State Bank cAr1wlsas City, 1CvIsa.s,
CAPITAL 550,000. UNDIVIDED PROFITS, 525.000.
-DIRECTORS- WY. E. OTIS. JXO. L. PARSOXS. J. MACK LOVE. E. :s'EFF. A. H. DE~TOS WM. E. OTIS, PIIUD£fIT. A. H.DENTON, C~u.
For the biggest assortment of FOR DRUGS, BOO KS, Fine Stationery and Lowney's Good Gas Goods Chocolates. at lowest prices GALL AT :Jolliff ~ ;Jwart3, Gilbert-Sturtz Hdw. Co. ARKA'ySAS OITY. KJ...VSM. Everything in Hardware Arhmsas City. Kansas.
T.E. OLDROYD a=d DR. L. D. ITCH ELL, COMPANY, ...DEIITlST...
FURNITURE AIID UNDERTAKING Opposite Farmers' Slale lWU:. in I. f. Block. Arkansas City, Kansas. 2adger ~umber 'CO. L. D. HOD GE B. W. 8OARD!IAN, Arenl DE TIST,
Lumber and Building Material Over Home ational Bank, EsliDW.. ChurlaU, Given. Arb=s City, l>.n. ARJ(AKSAS CITY, ]UK A8. WE SAVE YOU MONEY --- == On DrJ Goods, Clothin Immense Assortment and th r and Shoes. 110 Trouble to s:oVery Lowest Prices.
~:;~~===~==~~:'4lI Coods. THE NEWMAN DRY == := ARKA.'(SAS CITY ~OObS COMPANY, '-- ::=:-__=:.:.:.:AN~A~.
Mention tbe JOUBSAL wb :-- -,----- enever YOQ 'Write {Jur I.dverth,frs. THE INDL\.N SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 3
Economy Way CALIFORNIA
You dOl TOT sacrifice comfort for economy when you go in a Santa Fe T 0 uri s t P u 11m a n. tALL THE WAY 25 for Colonist ticket to Cal ifornia. Dail y, FEBRUARY 15 to APRIL 7. tl.Slight extra charge for berth. Seat in chair car free. 4lDurtless roadbed. Harvey meau.
Ask Santa Fe Agent at <:.Arkansas City', Kansas, for tourist sleeper booklet
Best Line to St. Louis
Train. TO. 8 Saves a DAY to ~ew York
H. C SHIElllS L. s. M 903 Main Strttl. K>ns>s City. IiIissouri Mention the JOCRsAL;wbene.er you write oar ad,ermers. 4 THE INDIAN. SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION If you "can't go" we'll bring the wilderness to you-If you can we'll tell you HOW, WHEN and WHERE PINS STERLING SILVER FIELD AND E1I4me[ea Reef, White, Green STREAM 'l'rta 5Ik STERLING SILVER On Sale on All ews Stands-l5c SPOONS. No.1. 1.50. 30'clock ~izt .Don't miss HORACE KEP Oklaboma Handle. No.:!..t.j"~ Indianftgure HART'S series of articles on on flat Handle. ~o.l .J 50. same as ~o. Camping and Woodcraft 2. Gilland Enameled BowL nor DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON'S No .. _. . Bead on series of articles Gust beginning) on tront Tepeeonbaci of Randle. No. a. ~.!.13, Size and Game Clubst Parks and Style of illustration. No. 6. 1.00. Same as.~(l. Preserves in America 5. Copper and GIl covering this important subject in finisb. T" :'5. Llte~o.~ all its newly developing phases as No.,. ~. Large Beal'S _at. it has never yet been covered. • 8!3.i5 Same as So. 1'0.. . d Gilt Every sportsman and all who are i, Copper aD fini!'b. interested in game and fish preser By Mill rostpail. vation will be vitally interested in - these articles, written by the au E. L McDowell thor of "Our Feathered Game" and "Our Big Game" especially Jewder M ..... lltT. K""'" for FIELD AND STREAM. L -:=_ To all who send $1.0 for a year's _ -...-f subscription to FIELD AND STREAM 'II 111-111-"'-'" i and mention this magazine we will send Roosevelt.~ " 'S I postpaid, a copy ofTheodore ", TSTUDENT ! book, "Hunting the Grisly and other : • MAGAZIKE.! Sketches." If preferred, we will send, p~. in place of Mr. Roosevel~s book a i For Students of " f "T' , :, h Dr>lftllr· copy 0 he Sportmg Dictionary" or . and-Ink and Bros .cJ! ! a pair of our famous water color ~uck I th t pax-prattJ , shooting pictures, entitled "Hit and Miss-If " Teaches the arts a r illustrating, , "I magaZIne and newsP"ljdesigning, etc: : cartooning, commercl~ 'err volUlDe, I "1 Over 12 free lessons 'b ev substribeg : about 50 drawIngs, Y' fcised eo " Field and Stream " only, published land ~~~e !JeginD;:; "I is ue A true he per ZOO i!Jchl1- ! 35 West 21st Street, New York at)' : No. lSHhsonic Tcmpk,I>.laJD.t~ e..-...-...- ... - ...... Mention tbe JOt1L."AL wbenever you write our adverl1sen. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 5 Chilocco R.R. Time Table Tht triaM lotlou: stop daily. AXTA FE RoGTE.-Station one and one· half mile east of Administration Building Going north: Xo. at 11:,)5 a. m.: Xo. ,KawCit)" Train) at ;:O~ p. m. Going south: Xo.4O; at 9:1~ a. m.: Xo. 115 at 11:03 a. m. Flu 00 IAXE tation known as Cale, uth bound, ;:30 a. m. and 5:0~ p. m : north hound, 1~:(}.I a. m. and 6: p. m. ~E" ERA )lILLeiG COllP1XY, Manufacturers of the Celebrated "POLAR BEAR" FLOUR. ARKANSAS CITY, Kfu\'SAS DeANE & JARVIS 'HTm mac"'\'M~ lOa\\o1\s, REMEMBER US 1!l\l\\\\\es. e&.TT\&.\\eS, 1\e\1\ Whenever you want HARNESS or a bill of HARDWARE. a1\1\ ~all\e1\ '5eeo., etc., etc. 109 S. Summit. ABKANSMCITY. K~I' HAMILTON HARDWARE CO Geo. L. Beard, Arkansas City, Kans. Guns, Ammunition and Sporting Goods G. . Hartler. Pres. :\. D. Sa.nders, cashier fuhinr Tuklc ..d Athletic Goods. The Citizens State Bank c.piW. Fiftr ThOU5llld. Fullr Paid fm, Il.cpairiq • spccWly, A Home LnstitutiOD. We licit Your Business MILLER" Missouri Pacific Time Table. PHOTOS Arkansas City, Kans. No. 810 passenger, departs----, . 12:30 p. m No. 89-1 local freight, departs.--- 8:00 a. m ARE THE BEST. '0. 893 local freight, arrives ..11:30 a. m No. 8t9 Passenger, arrives.... :. 4:OOp. m No. 810 makes close connecbon at Dexter with fast train for CoffeyVJlle, PIttsburg, tmpire tJteam i.aundrq, Nevada and 51. Louis, and for rints on the ARKANSAS CITY. Iron Mountain route south 0 CoffeyVJlle. Also with fast express for Colorado and TELEPHONE NO. 25. Pacific Coast points. Local freights carry passengers between C·N B . Ur1t. Proprietor. Arkansas City and Dexter. W. A. RUPERT, Agent. ONE OOOR NORTH OF GLAOSTONE HOTEL, Mention the JOU8.'1A[, whenever yon wnle our advertisers, 6 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION THIS ILLUSTRATION SHOWS OUR NEW STEEL CAKE GRIDDLE BAKES e CAKES J"ER MINUTE Sits on top, fits any stan, will heat in 5 minutes. a child can use it, worth its weight in gold, and only costs 5C)e.-will save fuel enough to pay for itself every mon~ WANTED_A L<>calA!l"llltDev"Ydly, T!Ilage and coantty lown io the t"niud Staus. Sampl~Griddle by bspn: s (or 25 cents, you to pay EJ:p~ chargt'S, with b6t prices to agent, will takt 2c stamps for satnplrs: also Carpet Strttchers. lodlan Btadt'd. Sboppin~ Bags and other 200d articlesfot' agents. Addrus F. M. VAN erreN ll.sm~, ltaDuf.cturers. 61' Mald Street, Buffaio, N. Y. . Your Old Friends Back East Ought to Move Southwest. Send us the names and addresses of anyj>ersons you think would be in· terested in the Southwest, and we will mail them interesting land boOk lets and a copy of our immigration journal, liThe Earth." You send the list and we will send the descriptive matter. Do it NOW! Address, GaxraI CoIoaiuti.. ApL ,.Santafe•• A. T. l F. F. Ky- l1eo.tiouthe Jot:&.."u lfb en ever you write our advertisers. THE U\DL-\N SCHOOL JOURnAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 7 ~turm'5 STATEHOOD n Published at Tulsa, Indian Territory, and devoted to Indian Territory u... Oklahoma and the Southwest, is a standard magazine of more than 100 pages every month. It is a reliable index to the industrial and commercial development of this country, as well as a true record of Indian history and Indian lore. It is but six months old, yet the magazine bas touched such a popular chord that in less than half a year it had come to be recognized as one of the best on the news stands, and is finding ready sales from one end of the country to the other. a.The information in this magazine concerning the two territories is worth many times the price to anyone, and the literary features are of special merit. Devoted largely to the territories, it is unique and intensely interesting. (lThe Indian depart ment is under the editorial direction of Mrs. Ora Eddleman Reed, fonnerly editor of "Twin Territories," and this department alone is worth the sub scription price, as it contains the history of the Indians of not only the five civilized tribes, but many others are being investigated and written about by her. The Magazine is handsomely illustrated, and as well printed as the average standard magazine. Its price is, 'lOne month one dime, one year ODe dollar." Address J.# J.# J.# J.# J.# ~tunn' 5 ~tateboob ~aga?ine, TULSA. INDIAN TERRITORY. Mention the JOUlL~AL whenever yon write our advertisers. 8 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISTh'G ECTIO~ E. KIRKPATRICK, Navajo Blankets (Succe... ,-or to Furniture Jrobn n) FURNITURE, WINDOW SHADES, CAR A Specialty PETS, QUEENSWARE, STOVES. Undertaking a Specialty, '['Will send 10 any U. S. In- Easy epayments. dian A SIGN OF Bas Best Values 1D FOOTWEAR Arkansas City, Kansas. IJTHE BEST - peoPI. in th I. EAGLE LOAN CO. e ndlan Service (]l often Want pnvate. stati JEWELRY, WATCHES, ev onery_ DIAMONDS BICYCLES, eryont, anYWhere . who' , ID any bn.'...... ness SPORTING GOODS, 15 Up-to-date d BICYCLE SUNDRIES, THE INDIAN P;IN;"S~~: :OU1 Unredeemed Pawn Pledges always on hand es wor~ for quite a few people' °h at a Bargain &emce. Th m t e e above trade Witch and Bicycle Repairing a Specialty the tal.. Wh mark t.lls . en you wish . 413 S. S Sf..", di( Itt Bit, .!rt rll\l Cil). K J. pnnted tell us b SOmething • I a Out it and • ------It Over S we 11 talk .. amples sent "ther Su . Address BU~KER ~ J>tnntendent Ul1. FRETZ ChiIoc.co, or THE cCowan , SHOP INDIAN PRINT -The Xew Druggists- , same plice. ~ ~ ~ II Agents for "QuickheaI ie bOS M.ntlon T The FamilV Ointment. Ask for salD P 81 JOURSAL Wb~Dever • yon wnte our adverLlsers. • 83"e'Cie'.se.se~~~~Cie'~~~~~~~~~~~~Cie'CiElm m I rhe INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL I m I~ CONTENTS FOR MARCH: Im m PAGE Q;l • ·m The Ft. Shaw Indian Girls Basket Ball Team-Championsofthelndian Service m m and the.'orth",est Frontispiece !!l mm Native Music of the North American Indian-By Harold A. Loring 11 mm "Lo" and Other People 13 In and Out of the ervice 15 ~ m Are All Indians Bad?-By J. H. Fletcher, Ex-Governor of Oregon 17 m m Commencements Should Be More Practical 21 m !!l The Indian Bill 22 !!l ~ Official Report of Indian Agencies Changes for February 23 ~ W Simple Lessons and Outlines 24 i:!l m The Initiation of "Si" 25 m w Official Report of Indian School Changes for January 30 !!1 !!l Elaborate Funeral Rites 33 ~ ~ Interesting Facts about Indian Territory and Oklahoma 37 m • W Said of the IndIan's Way 39 lQ W Manual Training and Carpentry Class at Chilocco-Illustration 30 m !!l A Tribute to the Red ~lan-Commissioner Leupp 41 ~ m A Famous Man of Busine 42 m m Catawba:> Fast Disappearing 43 !!l ~ Rich Crow Indians 4ii m m Chipeta, the Indian Heroine of the Meeker Massacre 47 ~ m Educational Department-A;New Boy on an Old Farm-By Prof. H. Bailey 49 m m Developing New Crops-By Beverly T. Golloway 52 m m Agriculture in Rural Schools-J. K. Ackerman 56 !!lm IN The Family Kitchen-By H. Kernohan 60 m Manual Training and Carpentry-An Indian Cottage and Estimates-Sketches ~ m Revie:I:~B:o~~'R:C~i~~locco Students : m ~ The News at Chilocco 71 m m m m TOE INDlAl" SCHOOL JOURNALjis issued from the Chilocco school's printing de- m W partment, the mechanical work on it being done by students of the school under m W the direction of the school's Printing Instructor. Ii! !!,j TOE JOURNAL has a wide circulation. both in and out of the Government Serv- m m ice. See the American Newspaper Directory for bona-fide circulation. !!1 m Advertising rates made known on application. Communications should be ad- ~ IN dress to TOE INOlAI' COOOL JOlIR.·AL, SUPT. S. M. McCOWAr, or E. K. MILLER, m m Business Manager. til l:il~~~~~~~~~EE'EE'EE'EE'EE'EE'EE'~EE'EE'EE'EE'EE'm;>~~am Enit1'CJ ~t tht Or! x.co Post Offta as scani4Ass tUtt~'. Ibt 3lnbian ~dJool Joutnal PUBLISHED EVERY c7dONTH IN THE INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES INOlAN SERVICE VOLUME SIX FOR FEBRUARY NUMBER FOUR, 1 TATIYE ~1CSIC OF THE ~ORTH AMERICAf\ I TDIA~ By HAROLD A. LORING. Gorernment Supenisor of Xatire Indian Music. ARTICLE II. A LARGE percentage of the music no words sung, but merely acontinued in actual use among the vari ing; as, hi, hi, hi-ya, etc. In these ous Indian tribes at the pres songs of the dances the notes are ac ent time is that which is em cented rhythmically by the voice of ployed as an accompaniment the singers; helped on by the drum to the many different kinds of beats and by the steps of those who dances. The e songs, being are dancing. known to most all the mem With few exceptions the dance songs bers of the tribes, are nearly are in the minor key, and are usually in aquick tempo, often becommg very always. rendered in the same manner' wIth the same words or syllable, and repetition of syllables devoid of mean with the drum beats occuring at the animated and loud as the singers and same intervals. dancers become more and more work In most of such melodies there are ed up and excited. ~ &~ ': ~ J J) '%1 J ~ n "': IRJ; .=: 1 tf:n Jh~gl~! ~P~'1~!i-~1t~;~~)~,1~i:1§~) ... -& 12 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL Following is a song used .by the Crows at one of their ceremomes call ed the Owl Dance. It will serve as an example of the average song ~sed at the dances of the variou trIbeS. I have heard this song at the Omaha Dances of the Sioux as often as among the Crows, but it seems to be in real ity a Crow song, and to have been bor rowed by the Sioux. I will first write the song as simply as possible, that up on its being played or sung for the first time the attention may be direct ed solely to the relations of tone, to the actual sound, regardless of accent, words or drum beat-s. In the first and second measures the third tone which occurs is rep~e sented by the note D. This tone is really not D; it is lower than D and higher than D-Rat, a quarter tone which can-not be represented by our system of musical notation for the smallest interval on our scale'is a half tone. . ~n pla~ng this theme on the piano It IS mamfestly impo sible to play it correctly, but on a violin for in tance a player can "pick up'! the quarte; tone ~etween D and D-flat. The bes~ mstru~ent of all reproducing In~lan melodIes correctly is the human VOIce. A person who possesses an accurate ear will easily be able to sing the two C'.s with .which the song opens an~ t~en Immediately sing the tone whlch I exactly half way between D: flat and D. Following is the same song sho . the syllables bl which the to wmg sung, the drum b t nes are principal accents occ~ s~tcwhere the The Cws h ! . the OwlroD , w en usmg this song at . ance smg a set f d I~ relative to the' shooting of ~h wor s but when they use it e owl, dance, or when used ba\an>: other their Omaha da y t e SI.OUX at syllables are uS~de, ~e meaUI~l(I~ss to which the att 'ti ne. pecuharlty is the differenc~e~ on WIll be drawn the melody and \hrhythm between drum beats, the e acco~panying even rhythm ande~ bemg in an "dotted" rhyth . beats in a expre sed by domtt-dthat IS, a rhythm e notes. • THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR.\'AL 13 between $lO,OOO and $50,000. Wisely invest ed, an independent fortune for every Choc "Lo" and Other People taw and Chickasaw is even now in sight. The Kaw School burned on March fifth. Buildings to the amount of $156,000 have Edison"atson, the agent, and his family been started at the Shawnee School. This and forty Indian children, with the teachers includes a water and ewerage system. and matron, lived in tbe building and lost D. Frank Redd, principal of the Washing everything except the clothing tbey wore. ton public scbool at Muskogee, has been ap The main part of the building was con pointed by the secretary of the interior to structed in 1 71 and has been standing for succeed Benj. S. Coppock, as supervisor of thirty-five years. An addition was built and • schools for the Cherokee nation. the entire structure covered more than fifteen acres. The personal loss will reach $2,000. The Aldrich resolution has become a law About one month ago the government barn and Tribal governments of the Five Civilized burned, with a loss of S4,OOO. It is the gen Tribes of Indian Territory will have another eral opinion that the building will not be re year to wind up their affairs in. This ex placed, for the Kaw school as conducted tends the time to March 4, 1907. This means under government contract expires in 1911. that all tribal schools will continue under the present system for another year at least Conditions on the Indian reservation in New until the dissolution of the tribal govern York State are pronounced a discredit and a ments. disgrace in the report of a special committee of investigation presented in the Assembly at Major William A. Mercer, superintendent Albany. To cure these wrongs, the com of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, an mision recommends"3.o extension to the re nounceds that tbe annual commencement servation of tbe laws of the State governing of that institution would be held March marriage and divorce. The committee fur 21 and 22. The Carlisle officials had con ther recommends that either the State as templated transferring the date of the com sume tbe responsibility of making a well mencement exercises to the latter part of directed and intelligent efiort to teach and Mayor the first of June, on account of the encourage Indians in the cultivation of their bad weather usually prevailing during the lands, or that necessary legislation should be spring, but will not make any change until secured from Congress to permit the makmg next year, if at all. of valid leases of Indian lands for agricultur Major John B. O'Neill, who has charge of al purposes. The law prohibiting the sale of the land sales department at Union Agency, liquor to Indians, the committee declares, IS Muskogee, 1. T., states thatthe government's a dead lett~. system of selling land bas become a great Mad Wolf, one-time powerful chief of the educational factor for the full-hlood Indians Cheyennes. recently died in Oklahoma He and tbat from it they are rapidly learning was over 100 years old. Poor old man, he the practical lessons of life as applied to com was ever true to the traditions of his fathers. mercial affairs. This has been accomplished While he clung to the ways and superstitions since tbe ruling was made that when an In of his race, he never forgot a kindness and dian sells his land the money shall be placed was ever true to those whom be conSIdered in a government depository at Muskogee and his friends. In one thing he was far a~ve tbat the Indian may with it pay his debts and the average Indian, and that was devotion bave an allowance of $50 per month. and loyalty to his wife. When she grew old It is stated by friends of the Choctaws and and blind he did not throw her aside, as IS the Chickasaws that those Indian tribesvery prob Indian custom, but tenderly cared for her and ably are, excepting the Osages in Oklahoma, tbere was nothing more touching than to see the richest nation per capita in the world. him carefully leading her by the hand, or Their individual wealth is estimated at from taking the dinner given him in camp to be $4,000 to $5,000. This means $4,000 or $5,000 divided with the poor blind woman. When 'ed he had her buried by the whIte each for parent and child alike, even to the sh e dI '1 Youngest babes on the rolls. In a family of mIniS. . ter, and could not himself rest untI an five tbat would mean an aggregate wealth of enclosure had been placed around. her grave from $20,000 to $25,000. If a family num in order tha: she might not be disturbed by bered ten the aggregate would be somewhere cattle tramping over her grave. 14 TI!E lNDLW SCHOOL JOURNAL themselves to prepare their people for their Th' OsagG Lon HorstS. final demise as governments and it is unseem· "The average full·blood Osage Indian," lyon the part of the non·citizen element ro says Ret Millard, Osage Indian agent, "spends begrudge them an additional short twelve 35 per cent of the money he receives from the months in which to prepare to meet the end. government for horses. An Osage hkes a This extension of time will have no effect on good horse and is a shrewd dealer. He knows the husiness interests of the community, can· whether he is getti'lg a bargain or not and not possibly jeopardise or injure any of the will pay no more than an animal is worth. varied interests in the Territory, and there 13 Horses become old quicker in Osage Nation no reason why the proposition should be ,;0 than in any other place on earth. An Indian lently opposed. thinks nothing of driving his team of wiry The Phoenix is of the opinion that the ex· little ponies fifty miles a day between sunrise tension of time will be very beneficial to the and sunset." The Indian of the villages all Indians themselves, and the prosperity of the have horses, some owning as many as ten or Indian in the country means the prosperity of fifteen. It is a poor Indian indeed, who will the white men. There should be no objection walk from his Indian village to Pawhuska. raised to that feature of the Curtis bill by the Instead, he hitches his team to his carriage non·citizen residents of the Indian Territory and drives the two miles in from five to tweive Muskogee Phoenix. minutes, depending on the condition of his horse. The horse which has been driven hy Au Iut"Gtiug Visitor. an Indian for more than a year knows only two gaits-trot and run. He is accustomed Bartlesville has had this week, a most to starting on a trot, galloping on a good interesting visitor, in the person of Mr. Jos. stretch of road and slowing to a trot when the Stauffer, of Galt, Canada. Mr. Stauffer owner thinks he needs a rest. So the Indian is a full·blood Delaware, having drifted from resident of the Indian village has solved the Pennsylvania into Canada where he has be· prohlem of rapid transit to his trading point come one of the leading citizens in a pubh' of Pawhuska. A story is told in Pawhuska way and also one of the largest manufac· u tauffer illustrative of the speed at which the average turers. For a number 0f years illr. f Osage drives. This Indian had driven from has been engaged in the manufacture ~ Fairfax to PaWhuska, a distance of thirty linings for gloves and overshoes, and also UDlta· miles. He Was called as a witness in a murder making yearly many thousands 0 f an • he case. It was believed that the mUrderer had tion buffalo robe. In these occupations like passed over the same route going in the other bas amassed a very large fortune and dIrectIOn. The Indian Was asked if bod had' any y many other wealthy men. IS. 100k'~ngup.an outleteId'. passed hIm on the road from Fairf to Pawhuska. ax for some of hi surplus wealth mthe 011 fi Mr. tauffer is a man of very broad culture '\'0," was the reply. u:Nobody passed me and refined tastes and one of his bobb,es but I passed many people." ' r the collection of various wntIngs.. and histof the• leal data relating to the early history 0 tar Th, Ont YQr Uitnliou. Delaware Indians. During h,s short kS g' . 100 ,n The Provisions of the Curtis b',11 'd' here Mr. Stauffer spent much time ID In' for th .. prov, 'ng e contlDuatlon of the t 'b I up links of kinship with the Delaware he ments of the five civilized mbesn ang;ern. dians, but failed to find anyone whom . 4, 1907, is not an im un I arch could identify as a kinsman. Beyond hI5 pered dents of I d' portant matter to resi· n lan Terntory h retaln n~ sonal appearance Mr. Stauffer as. un' themselves, as it will in save the Indians none of the characteristics of the IndIan, •. landed interests or b' way affect the . h' h he e.· . USIDess of the n " less it be the gift of oratory, ID w 'c - EX-GOVER.'OOR OF OREGO.·. ow often do we hear it The paniards sought to compel the H said that the only good red men to accept their religion. If Indian is a dead one. they refn ed to do so-and if they I dissent from thi judged it by its fruits as practiced atrocious charge so by them. they would be almost sure flippantly eA1lress to reject it-they were either enslaved edT The Indians are or killed. This policy caused the very not all brutal, de name to be hated and feared by the ceitful and untrust savages. That brand of religion was worthy. No body of too strong a dose even for a people men ever executed who feasted on "yellow dogs" and the their orders more entrails of animals. We never heard faithfully than the that the American aborigine attempted band of Indian police which was sent to make a meal of any of those wander to capture Sitting Bull. They could ing Spaniards. They evidently fear have spared the old man's life; they ed that they would turn their stom c~uld have deserted; they might have achs. dIsobeyed orders; but they did not. As Do you think I am too severe upon officers of the Government they fought those European adventurers? Let like demons with men of their own Columbus himself answer the ques flesh and blood. They returned to the tion. He reports: "Twelve years after Agency with their prize-the dead the discovervof Hisoianola six-sev body of the great chief. It is possible enths of the natives died through ill that they were not good Indians, but treatment." What do you think of they were at least loyal to the Govern that? -you people who imagine that ment and faithful to the men who em the white- are all angel and the reds plo~ed them. Let this much be said to all devil. Dr. Pedro Satander, in theIr credit. his addre-- to the King in 1587, re We have only to read the storr of the ferring to De Soto's expedition, said: e~rly explorers and vovagers to"be con "This is the land promised by the VInced that kind and humane treat Eternal Father to the faithful. since ment won the natives and that perse we are commanded by God in the holy ~utlOn and injustice repelled them. scripture to take it from them, being he treatment they received at the idolaters. and by reason of their idola try and sin to put them all to the thands of the Spaniards especially. was t~~sa~nical and barbarous. True to knife, leaving no living thi:lg, save t' elr hIstory they were cruel supersti- maidens and children, their cities rob 10US and unfriendly. ' bed and sacked. their walls and homes After reading what the poor Cubans leveled to the earth." I have wonder s~f.f~red at the hands of these semi ed often in what part of the Bible he ~l;lhzed people three hundred and found that authority. I think some I ty years later, we can guess what spirit-rapper should call the Doctor up the defenseless natives must have suf and ask him to explain or retract. f ered'In the hey-day of their power. The Reverend Increase Mather later 18 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL on enunciated the same idea. He French wa different. It was concili said: "The heathen people amongst atory and kind. Hence their love for whom we live, and whose land the the French. The policy of Jacgue Lord God of our fathers hath given Cartier and amuel D. Champlain was us for a rightful po session." very different from that of Hawkins I wonder where the Reverend and his countmnen. With them re Increase got his authority for saying ligion was not enforced by the dunge that the Lord God had given them on and the dagger. The Frenchmen, this land as a rightful possession? I as a rule, were genial and kind; notice when a man wants to teal, to Take away a Frenchman's politene plunder or exterminate a people, he and his ~Iigion vauishes with it. always tries to shuffle off the respon Charlevoix say :.'The savages did not sibility on the Almighty. Paul Kruger become French; the Frenchmen be said that God had given him South came savages." The French colon' IS Africa as a "rightful po es ion." and were not above wandering with the when he made up his mind to exter Indians in the woods and joining minate the English and all other uit them in their hunts and wars. They landers, he assured hi people that addre sed them as "brothers," hared God would direct the bullets of the in their discomforts and hardships, Boers, and that he would drive the and sometime married their maidens. British Army into the sea. But he It is related that Compte DeFrontenac didn't do it-not by a good deal. when Governor General of Canada, Now, if God had given old Paul the often led in the war dance of the land of South Africa it strikes me that natives waving the hatchet while the He would have been honorable enough braves' houted and sang and danced to have made the title good. But he did 'blv around them like mad men. Pos I. not. The Russians preached the same this wa carrying pohtenes. bel"ond. doctrine regarding their fight with the bounds of discretion, but there th~ Japan, but I noticed that it is was more religion in itthan in curtIDg "heavy batallions," when intelligent · dealt ly used, that Count. their head off. ChampIaID generou Iv with the dusky native al· But ~o. return. It was this attitude so. He visited them in their homes, of hostIlIty that gave rise to many of the quarrels between the white and joined them in their hunting, feastIDg and fighting. He even taught them red races. The Indian get all the . ed them In blame, of course: but let it not be the use of fire-arms, tram . ttl forgo~n ~hat the white man has been military tactics, and led them In bath e; It was therefore little wonder .a the hIstOrIan. The Indian's sid "11 , , d irauon never be t ld e III o . The Indian owns no the Indians conceived an a m red a telegraph, employs no press reporte for the French which never suffe lI"er re-action as long as the French ~ nt. :rd~ ofe~g: :r~i~~~f~~~~~r s~t~at ?~~ existed on the American contIDeeJ')' The E r h nown. ul 1 ng IS explorers, more partic Such is the power of kindness, e\ ~I .ar YCa~t, Sir John Hawkin and where, at all times, and under SIr Frahncls D~ke, acted with almost circum tances. nn dealt as muc seventy d'd h The benevolent William Pe lI"a1". and th a I t e Spaniards e result was that th . with the Indians in the samekindi)' feared and distrusted th e natIve He invariably treated therhi man' But the policy purs~~ by the and ju tlv. One instance 0 , be re ner in dealing with them mal THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 19 lated: In the year 1698, Penn want man, for they still r€tain traditions of ed to purchase a fertile piece of land his virtues, and speak of him very from the nath-e. They said they differently from the way in which would rather not sell, but that they they speak of others who came a would do anything to please "Father mong them with treachery and greed Onas" as they called him. Finally, in their hearts and fire-water in their the Indians proposed that he might griP-?acks. Penn had heard much of have a much a a young man could Indian treachery before he came to travel around in a day, for which they America. He undoubtedly was told • were to receive a certain quantity of that the only way to choilize a savage goods. Thi wa agreed to. After was to kill him. But he resolved to the land was stepped off the Indians test what to many in that age was a were greatly dissatisfied. The young new and untried law-the law of kind man selected to walk travelled around nes a law that is the energy of the a larger, portion of their pos essions universe: law that incite to marty than they had anticipated. In conse !lom and mercy; a law that gilds the quence. they came before Penn's com palace and sanctifies the hovel; a law missioners and said: "Not fair; white that reaches from the family tree to brother make heap big walk. ".'They he forms of government. So he must be compelled to abide by it," brought to this new continent neither replied the Commis ioner, "It wa words nor gun, but instead the scrip their own bargain." "Compelled. " Iural injunction: "Do unto others as exclaimed Penn. "How can you you would they should do un to you." compel them without bloodshed?" When he bought land of the natives Then turning to the du ky delegation, he paid them promptly for it. When he inquired, "How much more will be made a treaty with them he kept it. satisfy you?" They made their pro "nen he promised them clothing he po als and they were accepted. The did not try to put them off with rotten greatful Indian shook hands \\ith blanket. When he agreed to give Penn and then went away happy. them beef, he did not throw them the After they left, Penn remarked: entrails, the horns and hoofs. When "Oh! how weet a thing is charity. he took one of them by the hand he in orne of you spoke just now about effect said: "We are both the creatures compelling these creatures to stick to of the same God, and if you had my their bargain. That, in plain English, opportunity and I yours, you might be meant to fight and kill them, and all in congress and I wearing the breech about a little piece of land." clout. " Itis, therefore, absurd to assert The result of Penn's action was that that the !:ame law and the same policy, these untamed savages became his if properly and iudiciously administer staunchest friends. A few years ed \\ith the Indian tribes of our time after this event, when the Quaker would not have as powerful an influ colony was pressed by famine and no ence for good as it had upon the In Pro\oisions could be had, the Indians dians in 1687. ca~e to his rescue, and materially .'early all fair-minded persons who assIsted them by the fruits of hunting. have investigated the subject agree And, although many years have pass that the majority of the Indian out ed away since this humane man died, breaks in the country of recent years he is still remembered by the red has been the result of neglect and 20 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL double dealing on the part of the au Hills and was hospitably entertained thorities at Washington or the agents by his white friends. In bidding of the reservations. It is freely admit them good-bye, he expres ed the hope ted that once the red man is fairly that if they did not meet again on aroused there is no limit to his cruelty. earth they might meet beyond the But this is true of all barbarous and grave, "In a land where the white semi-barbarous nations. In the In men cea e to be liars." dian's ignorance and wrath he erro neously imagines that every white per TJII OOROVfMLNTS AT ZUNI. son is his enemy, in league with his ~. oppressors, and is directly or indirect From tbe .\Iboqnerqne. M.. J' lil1JaL Contractor Wallace Hesselden returned ly responsible for whatever wrongs yesterday morning from Black Rock. Xew that have been inflicted upon him. Mexico, on the Zuni Indian reservation, where Consequently, when once aroused he ior the past three month he had a large foree makes no distinction between the in of men at work completing contracts for ,,0, nocent and g1Iilty; between those who 000 worth of new buildings for the gorem ment Indian school at that place. The com hate him and those who sympathize pleted work was turned over to the gorem with him. And thus, it often happens ment agents on February 1st, and the Zuni that an unoffending individual has to tribe now bas one of the best equipped schools suffer for the folly and crime of the in the Indian service. The buildings just CQm pleted comprise dormitories, tiring quarters actual transgressor. for the agent, teacbers and employes, asteam Ridpath, in his history of the United laundry, warehouse, gas plant and steam heat ing plant, and makes of the institutioo a States, says: "It was thus by the cu scbool that is thoroughly complete. pidity, injustice and crime of the "The Zuni now have one of the best schools in the service," said Mr. Hesselden yester whites done on the unoffended natives day. "It seems that the government has that the chasm of hostility was open done and is doing about everything it can for between the English speaking races thi tribe. The school at Black Rock could hardly be more complete, The buildings "h and the Aborigines of orth America thorougbly modern. they are beated throug or h~ve three hundred years sufficed out by steam and lighted with gas, and the to brIdge over the abyss" E natural resources of the immediate vlrlDity th ood . ven make it possible for the government to oper' " e g p~ple who came over in the ate the scbool with all its modern CQoreo ienres very cheaply. Coal exists in !arg: Mayflower introduced into thi quantities in the Indian lands only a few m~ count~y pumpkin pie and rotten rums from the school and it is easily mined. 50 ru~ there is comparatively no fuel expense. " The pie they ate themselves; the "A matter that will interest sheep m'°th~ they. g~ve to the untutored and un found in the large dipping- vats which e government has built for the IndJans,· fTh'".;. sophisticated savages, and the con- have just been completed and in the. ut quest of the country was I "M comp ete the Indian will be required to dip therr sheeg a~y regularly, as is required of sheep I!T""~; years ago," says Bishop Whi; everywhere. Just before I left. Mr. Doug , pie, When testifying to th h od ' e onesty D. Graham, agent. received. 40.000 l"'"and of th e red IndIan" I mas hid' . of material for making the dIppIng- flU~d dip . , » 0 mg ser- he is to take personal supen'i COMMENCEMENTS SHOULD BE MORE ripened product. The boys might talk about PRACTICAL. the trades they are learning, the demand at their home for good carpentry, blacksmith ing, etc., and what they expect to do with THE JOURNAL has received from the their trades when they have mastered them; Indian Office, with a request that itbe the girls of what has been taught them in published, copy of a circular letter re such arts as sewing and cooking. One year cently sent to the field relative to com at Tuskegee a girl talked about butter mak ing, showing the actual work of skimming, mencement exercises atIndian Schools. churning. etc. The Office desires to give this as much The school officials at Hampton are very publicity in the senice as possible, particular about the dress of the students, with a view to impressing upon all though only plain materials are used. Fre school employees its great importance. quently a class will select a special color. One year the girls wore a tan shirtwaist cot While some of the Indian Schools do ton suit; another year they had blue and not have annual commencments, they white-striped print, always neatly made by conduct closing exerci e~ of some kind, themselves. and to these the circular is equally The Office deems it essential to the best applicable. It is as follows: interests of the Indian Scbool Service thatthe annual commencemen t exercises shall be of a The Office desires the schO ______1 22 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL THE INDIAN BILL. The aggregate of the items in the accom panying bill, making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the Indian Following are some of the items of general interest in the Indian Bill for the coming fis, department and for fulfilling treaty stipula, cal year: lions with the various tribes for the fiscal year 1I Under the heading, U new provisions. the ending June, 30, 1907, and for other purposes, committee report says: i- 7,7 -,528,~. Theestimatesforthelndian There are several new provision in the bili, senice, upon which this bill is based, aggre some carrying appropriations, and others gate ',,212,5:",23, making an apparent ex, matters of corrective legislation, or which cess of estimate o\'er items carried in the may lead to legislation after investigation, bill ~,OOO, Your committee has had hearings upon these The following table show the estimat"" subjects, and believes thatthey should be given submitted for the fiscal year 1907 under the very thoughtful consideration, Among them several divisions of the bill, the amounts rec, may be mentioned the irrigation of Indian res ommended to be appropriated. and the itelll3 ervations, the expenditures in agreat many be contained in thE appropriation bill for I~: ingcasesreimbursable from the sale of Indian f: .... li·t~.., cared by ·\Pp"a.ted I~r.. I~ lands, which ",ill besoughtforshould the irriga or bill. Iw;'. tur CUrrentexpet"e... :\ I) , "':>9. 11 ) :~ tion plans be developed, The commissioner of Fulfl.lllDa;. treat) Indian affairs is also authorized, under the di ... tipulatJOIl'" 940. _ I "'-1:!.tZ3 ,l!l3.#B rection of the secretary of the Interior, to M.. aneon ... investigate the feasibility of establishing p-atDlltf''' ....'i.IX ';:I. ',' 0 ~lVI~ ;1.1' at one of the institutions already established Incidental eXpt'D .. e.. 76.POO M.: ..cellaneon... are form school, and at another of tbe schools ii9:.;-JI) 7~.-'i5 npen..es wO .. a sanitarium for the treatment of those afflict ~upport of ~ 001 ... '-."".~• 3.6'>11, 1.7.'7.1l' ed with tuberculosis, The commissioner is Total ...... ':!l:!.!i:,.. 'i.jl..'i 5:.... !i ~ 1Ja also directed to take action looking to the Following are the changes made in me suppression of the traffic among Indians in of the item' as between the bill for 1907 and intoxicating liquors, for which 10 000 was appropriated, ' that for 1906: It has been represented to the committee Pay of Indian agents that there are large tracts of Indian lands in Building and repairs at Minnesota that need draining simply to make agencies 75.000 them valuable and salable; tbat tbe state of Police officers 200,000 Crow Indians 36,000 Minnesota bas pursued this policv with state Kiowa:; in Oklahoma I.' 0 ,~, lands effectively and profitablv a~d that the I'ottawatomies 20 51] 19,,,,, same policy could be pursued by the govern. Kiowas in Oklahoma 1:~ '00' ~ 000 10'22."" ~ent with reference to the lands of the In 'ioux of different tribe' -, '.,» dIans, and therefore 15,000 i appropriated Kansas In ians, Oklahoma I.000 3.t»J Kickapoos, Oklahoma tbat tbe secretary of tbe Interior may make Phvsician,.'ew York agency 600 the necessary survey, and that the govern Eei merImprovements, Cal 8,000 ment shall be reimbursed for tbe expenditures Joseph's band, •'ez Perce' 1,000 m thIS direction from the sale of the land so Fencmg around Valley Cal ho,hones m Wyoming 12,OW Improved, There are other ' , 9,000 tions wbicb will explain ther:~~~s~ppropna- Poncas Big Jim's band hawnees Amount appropriated for 19(16 144 312' Devil's lake, Sioux, N. D, 10,000 amount carried in bill for 1907 $7'" -' -28" ' Yakimas 5.000 cessofa .. . ,I ,t> ,ex 2,500 190" o,=~P!~pnatlons, 1900, Over items in bill Incidental expen:;es, Mont. 't ~,(Oi. I Confidential clerk, office, In· 1,~ The following items are carried in the bill dian affairs Enable Preside~t to carry 9' 000 ~or not estimated for that year by the 1907, out trea IeS ?'000 epartme~t: Quapaw treaty, $l~OIl: Whittiker Ditches and reservoirs 1"", borne, IndIan Territory $10000' h " urrev and subdivision Indian New York a ,,"'" P YSlclan, lands 15,000 ' gency'''''"'',' St. Louis Warehouse..__ ,000 10,000 laborer, 2 per da)', to laborer. 60 per mnntb. San Francisco Warehouse. ,000 10,000 Albert P. Jone~. Wittenberg, additional Irrigation Pima lands, Ariz. _ ZlO,OOO 50,000 farmer. 65 per montb to addieional farmer, Irrigation Yakima lands ;5 per month. Washington __ 15,000 Jobn K. Cba-e. Fort Peck, additinnal Townsite commi ion, I. T. 10,000 farmer, 50, per month to additional farmer, Suppressing smallpox I. T..__ 10,000 per montb. uppressinl( liquor traffic 10,000 _ Support of Indian schools 1,715.000,1,700,000 CWsifitd Smice-Exeentol positions. ~------II 24 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR~AL SAMPLE LESSONS AND OUTLINES. in home-making and an intelligent knowledge of the need of the body, The Indian Office has in preparation, the instruction leading up to the full and will soon send to the field, a ser equipment of each girl, before lealing ies of sample lessons and outlines of chool, with the ability to plan meal work intended to assist teachers in that shall come within the mean of a the Indian schools in teaching the limited income, and to prepare them rudiments of cooking in the class intelligently and economically; to keep room, and to enable them to present accounts, and to take complete charge the subject in a practical way. These of the household work of a small are graduated to meet the require family. ments of the yarious grades, from the The pecimen outline to be furnish first year onward. Suggestive meth ed the teacher are intended to sem ods will also be given for instruction a guides and helps to them in the prep in household work. aration of complete les ons suited to The importance and I'alue of thi the age and advancement of their pu instruction for school children has be pils. alway adapting the work to come widely recognized, and the meet the need of indiyidual classe-. teaching of cooking occupies a perm The object sought to be attained is anent place among the regular of Yital importance in Indian school courses of the public schools general work. ly throughout the country. The need for such training for Indian children The Curtis Bill Now a 1.;.... is even more apparent than in the The Curtis bill is a la". It "as introduc case of white children. They, above ed by Congressman Curtis, of Kansas, who is all others, stand in need of instruc part Indian, and is a general biB for the. a; tion that give them the power to pro justment of the affairs of the FIve Cl\-iliz Tribes upon their abandonment of their tnbal vide better and more wholesome food organiz.,tions. at their homes, with the added com Followin", are the more important featureS forts and healthful tendencies of im of the bill: f proved modes of ]jl·ing. It requires tbe enrollment of members~~. The Office believes that Indian girls the Five Civilized Tribes by March 4, 1_ ,. fixes the rights of Indian Freedmen: cono(o- should be fitted to take charge of ..I chiefs or homes of their own and tl) perform all ues in office the present prmCipa execution of tribal deeds; transfers SUits!: the necessary housework there and es hec~ming Indian to United States court; authonz ( that proper equipment for secretary of the interior to assume charge 0. benefit ot good cooks and housekeepers is con and sell the tribal buildings for the U,S sequently an es ential part of th . the tribes: I(i\'es him control of schOOls un j; ..I hool ,ysteiD educat'lon, th e foundation for whichmr reguIar state or temtorla sc '. halt adopted; prohibits the sale of coal a~d ~~eas must be laid in. the class-room. As a pre,e~\, rule, Indian gIrls, on their first lands until the expiration of the Is"; t . en es of those lands or until authonzed ed laD'" rance Into school, know nothing about authorizes the secretary to sell unallo~ the r< mod~rn meth~~ for benefit of tribes; remove some 0 at of cooking and hou e . them ter keeping. Thell' Instruction, therefore, strictions placed upon allottees ID tiona! authorIZe~ ~ust commence at the very begin of alienation of lands: rht '"" line roads' gives to electric road an Ig ~nir' • Is re5O'· ning and. be essentially elementary power companie' to locate cana • OkIJh0nJi beThe OffIce de igns that pupils shari and dams; extends some of the d the pte;· laws to Indian Territor,- and exten 5 t until .a?vanced gradually each year, ac men qUIrIng, step by step, correct methods ent trIbal.relatIOns .an d govem March 4, 190i. THE INITIATIO T OF "SI" By John Spratt. BOUT a third of the student body the hanging meat, the numerous dogs, A attending an Indian school the pretty costumes. He enjoyed the goes home every summer, dances-the buck dance and the squaw having finished the term for dance. He insulted the Chief by of which they entered, and fering to give him a quarter for his there begins a grand effort wonderful eagle-feather head-dress, to collect new children to fill but succeeded in wapping his broken up the quota. The superin pocket-knife with a small boy for his tendent selects from among bow and quiver of flint-pointed ar the faculty those who seem best rows. adapted to the work of soliciting and When the Council began he sat with sends them to such reservations as his interpreter outside the circle-at offer the most favorable outlook. The the Chief's request-and "took in" the work is difficult, and requires peculiar proceedings as best he could. The in abilities to succeed. No compulsion terpreter translated the speeches. may be used. Solicitors must win the The first speaker was Bear Chief, who ignorant parents' favor and consent spoke as follows: by persuasive and ingratiating man "Since time was young our people ners. have lived and died in this valley. One summer Percival asked to be Through the e mountains we have sent on a soliciting mission. He had roamed. Here we have lived and loved. not been with us long, but it does not Here we have fought and died. Here take long to discover one's peculiaritie we have married and here our children and inside of a week he had been were born. We have been happy. dubbed "Si." He was from Connec If we were hungry and cold the deer ticut, a direct descendant of the Blue and buffalo gave us meat and clothing. Law regime, and narrow as the small We quenched our thirst from living edge of aNew England weather board. springs. Since our fathers left the He hadn't been with the boys three pale-face to his greed and settled here days until he had been taught how to content has brooded over us like some hold the sack in a snipe-hunting ex giant bird and there have been no pedition, and inside of 30 davs he dis tears of sorrow in our eyes. played his Yankee thrift by trading "But now the pale-face comes and cheap candy and gum for the small the Bird of Content flaps his wings in boys' nickels. flight. Like Death he camps on our Well, we sent him out. The agent trail--nearer.nearer, ever nearer, spy of the tribe greeted him graciously, ing out our beautiful land and craving gave him an interpreter, told him to it for his own. He says we have too go to the Chief and call a council, and much land; that we must let our white ~e(the agent) would be there to assist brother have some. He says our chil In persuading the old Indians to send dren must learn the whiteman's way, some of their brightest boys and girls and that we must give up our medicine to the school. men and travel the Jesus-road. .Si was astonished at the picturesque "His tribe is many. It is numbered village and environment-atthetepees, like the leaves in spring-time. His THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 26 "Kick! Kick like hell! Fightum! Medicine is powerful and his anger is KiUulI I Cover the ground with their like a she-hear's in cub time. Our people are few. They are melting warriors till the coyotes cannot run ~igh away like snow before a noon-day f?r fat," said Eagle, the medi cme man, angrIly. sun. I have called you for council. "You're bughouse, old man. Crazv We cannot drive the white man away. as a bed bug. I ask the Chief. \',1I;t But we can die. I have spoken." can we do?" "There is but one thing to do and ".'othing. We must give up our that quickly," shouted the varicolored land, or we must fight. If we fight and highly decorated Medicine Man, we die." excitedly. "We must fight. Are we "Then let us die. In the Happy squaws to jeer and run? Are we COY Hunting Ground- there will be no otes to lope over the hills and how'l? white men. There we can li,e in Are we craven dogs to eat the bone peace." This sentiment of the ~edi· th~?wn at our heads? WIl must fight. " cine Man wa approved by the council But what good will our fighting ors by loud grunt and emphatic nod do?" interrupted Little Chief, a re ding of heads. turned student. "Bear Chief speaks "Don't be too sure that there will the truth. They are many; we are benowhitemen there. Thewhiteman few. We could fight from the rising is everywhere. Can you keep fleas to the setting sun, perhaps, but the from a dog's back? The chances are moon would look down upon a trib they have been there for years and of ,~ead warriors and wailing women. ,~ have got all the buffalo corraled ready . You ~ave no right in this council" to sell to you when you arrive," said cried HIgh Eagle, excitedly. "You Little Chief. are no longer..Indian If your sk' m "But the land question is not the were whIte you could herd with the most serious one," said Bear Chief. t~ll palefacehtribe . I "ouJ we must "We may fight for that and die, but s ow our teeth and bite whell w dead men cannot protect their young· My medicine is mighty, It will ~o~~t The pale.face not onl v wants our land the pale·faces' fire sticks hurt but demands our children. I will gi,e braves. Their bullets will be as h our up the land. but I will fight for roy Ie" as hailstones. They-" arID- babe ." . But why must we fight''' k At this juncture the Agent came up, LIttle Chief "I th' .. as ed man asks' s IS thmg the white and, followed by Si and the interpre the chief. ~nreasonable? I would ask ter, entered the council ring. "Hello! Bear Chief," said tbeagenl. "Yes, it is unreasonable Y After shaking hand all around, he our people came h . ear ago man set the limits fere. The white turned to Bear Chief and saId: . . 0 our land H "This man has come from a bl~ gave It to us to b . e ~n he comes and save o:s forever. Now chool. It is a Government school He gave us too's e mhade a mistake. built for the purpose of educatIng . muc. He Indian children. " ed some of It back. To m ,wants "What you mean, ed'cate?". ask unreasonable. When I e. thIS seems hsh h~lve p~ny Bear Chief, in his quaint Eng ,,'s my friend I don't ask d to ""'h" y-why-makum Injun' bol' ._n ba~k to me in a little wh!lll ~ gIve it But hIe. girls all same white boys 'n' gJrl; Sabe ?" said the agent, dropping In 0 Little Ch:f,at can we do?" asked the vernacular. THE INDIA.'1 SCHOOL JOURNAL "Me savvy," replied Bear Chief. return after a few years able to make "Me savvy plenty. What fo' you wagons and harness and plows, to want makum all same white boys fo'? -" Me no wantum." "What fo' Injun boys makum?" said "Of cour e you don"t, you old ras High Eagle, jumping up again and cal. You wantum grow up all same gesturing wildly. "Gov'ment yit'l1111 savages. Long hair, paint, dirt, all Injun. What fo' Injun work like hell that sort of thing. Government all time. White man he work, pay wants make 'em all same white boys." tax, white man he all same squaw. "Me no u'antum white boys. Injun Say, white man." cunningly, his sign boys, Injun boys. No wantum white language more expressive than his boys nothin' tall." simple English, "you gottum 'bac? "All the same, oldman, we're going Givum me plug. Whisk? You gottum to make em' over while you wait and whisk? White man whisk big med whether you want it or not. You icine. Heap burnum belly. Heap press the button and we'll do the hunchum up. Makum po' Injun feel rest. See? Now you just sit still bigern 'nited States. Purty good all a minute while this man tells you same. You gottum? You givum what he wants," me?" "I represent a big school for Indi Si was disgusted and showed it. ans. We take your boys--" began Turning to Bear Chief he said : "You Si. want your boys to be good workers, " 0 you don 'f' exclaimed High don't you?" Eagle, jumping up and around like a "No. No wantum boys work ta)l. jack-in-a-box, while the faces of the uaw he work." counciling Indians grew ugly and "That's all right, but men should their eyes glared. Si got behind the work too." agent and stood there trembling. " 0," emphatically, "Injun man "Yes, we do, too, old hoss," houted work, squaw he heap laugh. Injun the agent, grabbing High Eagle by man he fight. Huntum deer, buffalo, the shoulder and pushing him to his killum-SQuaw he skinum, cookum seat. "You je t sit till yer called on. everybody happy." This aint your spiel. The Super's got ''There Super, what do you think of the floor. Go on Super." that for choice philosophy?" laughed "-and teach them to read and the Agent. write" continued Si. "See! This pic "But, Bear Chief," said Si, some ture shows a class of our children. what non-plus ed, but still game, See how nicely they are clothed?" "Don't you want your boys to go to "We clothe our own children" said school and learn a great deal; be heap Bear Chief, sullenly. "No wantum smart?" white man's clothes. No wantum "Wantum Injun boys heap smart white man's grub." Injun way. No wantum white man "Don't be too positive about that, smart. White man smart no good. old man," retorted the agent. "Win White man smart ver' bad fo' Injun ter's comin' and you'll be mighty boy. " hungry 'fore the daisies bloom again." "But why, Bear Chief? How would "We teach all our boys trades. Now it be bad? Injun boy get white man Wouldn't it be nice if your boys could smart; he be lawyer. -" 28 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL "Mebbe so Injun boy he lie plenty "But why?"' asked bewildered i. 'nough now." "Mebbe 0 Injun man go war. ~ "Ha! Ha! Got you that time Super, ltO, ]00 come back. Heap plentJ eh?" The agent was delighted. squaw, man no plenty. ~ot nuff man "Well he might be a missionary go round. 'W'bat squaw do then? then-" Want squaw cry all time no catchum "What fo' missioners?" asked the man? quaw no likum that way. chief. This statement met with the hearty "Why to tell about Jesus and the approval of all the councilors. Cross and the white man's religion." "Cot yo' then, uper, Hal Ha! Hal" "Injun no wantum white man 'Jig laughed the agent. ion. What fo'? What he do white "Better that a woman cry for a man man 'ligion? Injun got 'ligion. Purty than becal/se of one," remarked i, good 'ligion. White man he tell me greatly exasperated. "But how about long time 'go missioners he gittum your children 7"' mad his Jesus-man 'n' killum dead. "~lebbe so white man swap," ug White man no wantum, Injun no gested High Eagle. wantum. Injun no take urn!" "wapI What do you mean?" "I'm sorry you feel that way, Bear "Injun givum white man ten boys; Chief. You are all wrong. You are white man givum Injun 20 boys. not fit to bring up children. Every That fair. Heap good swap fo' white one of them ought to be taken away man." The gra'-e chiefs grinned. from you and never returned. Some "What would vou do with them~" bad white men took the life of Jesus 'Teachum Inj'un way. Mebbe so it is true, but His going made a trail Injun heap smart, heap savvy plenty, that men have followed to their glory too." ever since. This trail is the Jesus trdil. "But you have no schools. " I wish I could tell you about it. But "Injun school everywhere, .. answer give me your children and I'll teach ed Bear Chief," egoti tically. "Teach them and they can teach you and vour urn ride pony, trackum deer, mak ~ople. ~ne of the Jesus man's 'say urn arrow hoot-" mgs was, And a lIttle child shall lead "Enoug'h of this nonsense," exclaim-.. them.' Followers of Jesus strive to ed the agent, angrily. "I told you, lea~ ho~est and clean lives; they love he said to Si ""ou could do nothmg theIr wlvesand--" , 0 M' ht " N by persuasion or argument. Ig . o. 0 lovum nothin tall," ex- as well arJ("Ue with a timber wolf. claImed the. irrepressible medicine ow Bear Chief, you know me.. J man, explOSIvely. . t go wltb want ten of your chIldren 0 "But they do. They love them so this gentlemen. I want them nOll". well they don't take two or th d' ree or a too. " ozen WIves as yoU do, but build their w At this the Indians all arose, dra nests and devote their lives to one und inlt their blankets carefullY aro woman." '100k'ed "That no ~~ ,. them. Theywereveryangry. I but H' 6UVU way, retorted eagerly about for a way of escape· ed Igh Eagl~, While all the Indian • dbUZZ the motley crowd swarmed an d shook theIr heads solemnly d .' I)' m3 phatically. "No ood an em around them lIke a co on of d' ver' bad way." g way tall. That bees. In telling about it after;fb; Si admitted that he was so scar THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOrRNAL 29 wished he was the smallest ant man's band-wagon. You may be too ever made. old to change, but your children are For a full minute Bear Chief and not. You may stay in camp and gnaw the Agent glared at each other, while the same old bone if you want to, but the councilors grew silent, scarce if you've got any sense left you'll send breathing, their nen e tense, eyes the kid out after fresh meat. If left narrowed to slit with rattlesnake with you they'll be like you when sparks of hate gleaming from their they grow up. The lion and lamb depths. may lie down together but the lamb'll "No!" retorted the Chief, explo disappear suddenly. Sabe? It won't sively. work. You've got t{) do as the Ro This was the signal for a quick toss man do when you go to Rome. ow ing aside of blankets, and the flash of we'll take your kids and educate 'em; knives in the hands of a score of an make 'em over as good as new. We'll gry red men. In a twinkling the teach 'em to depend on themselves agent. and Si were in the firm grip of and not on somebody else for support. stalwart Indians, unharmed but help They must be taught to work, to live less and badly frightened. decently, to take an honorable part in Scarcely were their arms pinioned, this great country of ours. Sabe?" however, and while the excitement It didn't appear that his unwilling was at the highest point, there came audience did sabe, but they listened. a shout and an order for "hands up" At this point Little Chief returned and the agent's police, who had been with his collection. left nearby to guard against just such The ten lined up in front of the an emergency, came rushing in, guns agent and Si. They were truly the in position for quick action. ragemuffin band. They ranged from Bear Chief and his band, recogniz six to sixteen and were almost des ing defeat, wrapped their blankets titute of clothing, the youngest en around them and stood glum and si tirely so. Their faces were dirty and lent, glowering like whipped lions, im daubed with red and yellow paint. POtent, but defiant, biding their time. Their hair stood straight out like the " 0 use, you see, Bear Chief," said quill of an angry porcupine. They the agent, when he and Si were free. were frightened and tried to hide. ", ow send for the ten and be quick The party was followed by wailing about it. The Government don't want women, whose cries made Si shiver. to hurt you, but it will be obeyed. "So here they are, eh!" The agent Send one of the young men for the eyed them critically. "Pretty tough ten." looking lot, Super. But you'll soon ''I'll go," said Little Chief, suiting make 'em over so their own mother the action to the word. won't know 'em. So long, Bear Chief. "What's the use playing the fool, Ta! tal all of you. Be good and you'll ~ar Chief?" asked the agent, taking be happy. And don't ever try but Inthe entire group of sullen redskins ting your head against Uncle Sam's wIth his glance. "Every dog has his stone wall. Ta! ta!" day and you've had yourn. Your sun As thev filed away they could hear has set and if you don't want to spend the lame~t of the old folks sorrowing the, rest of your days in blackness for their young. You d better jump into the white Si got along very well with his wild 30 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL brood until they came to the Junction. OFFICIAL REPORT OF INDIAN SCHOOL There he had to wait for several CHANGES FOR JANUARY. hours. There were no houses in ight and no living thing anywhere visible App '" Telia Yanci •. cook. Ft. Belknap, 520. ""'" Jo,epbine nobert" bousekeeper, Zia, 30 ...... , Frankie Kelleber, cook. Truxton. 540' \, ""r mo. -...... , Emma D. John",on, teacher, Pima. ';20...... , Jennie C. James. housekeeper. Sherman --... Tillie Lambe, laundre". Yankton. 500. In,t.. ij(lO. -----"'Belle teele. teacber, Cantoment 540. --..l Amelia Littleman, ",st. matron, Tongue -----.... Katberine 'haelIer. teacber. Zu i. IlOO River. 420. ~. Lemuel J. Han\:ock, teacher, Pawnee. 'j:!O~ Elnora B. Jamison. seamstre:::5, PottaW'a. "J~. W..\J1eu. engineer. Chamberlain. j .\ tumie. ,j()(). George '. Hilb. wagonmaker. alem. ~20. "l imon ~Iarquez. as;t. tngineer. bo, HarH E. ~Iann. black-mith. 'a1em. ~20. ,bone. tiOO. ----.. Allice E. King. seam,tre--. Ft, Lapwai..j()6:-o.J Marl' W. Gal'l'ie, hou,ekeeper. Pine ---.., ~ona D. Eaton. cook, Grand Junction.~. :1id~e. 3tlO ....---..... Le,ter R. ~lan,field. teacber. Tulalip. fiOO. \ Arthur C. Plake. disciplinarian. Cbeyenne " Florence T. Thro....elL laundress.Crow. ,jI-.). :-liver, GOO. --."j lie A. Bartlett. a"t. clerk. Moqui. ~20. " Fanny Bradford. bowekeeper, San Juan, ~ Mamie B. ~farion. teacber. Leech Lak!:< )1 per mo. GOO. --...... Lillie Kalama, asst. matron. Warm - Wm. E. Freeland. teacher. Pine Ridge.." ,prings. 400. GOO. • "~Iertie R. Beem. hou,ekeeper. ~Iesa ~ Lissa ~1. Olsen Tucker. teacher. Tomah ...... Grdnde. 360. 550. 'J Renda J. Richard" howekeeper, Gila ...... ,....., Anna C. Smith. laundress. White Earth, Cro __ ing,36O. 520. --.., Xona Paradise astiL matron, Western '14 Mary L. Penni tion, baker, ChamberlaiIJ;'>, ~ho,hone, 400. 500. . '" Anthony '''anos.''1 ~ardner & dairyman, ~ Filomena Lope., seam tress, Ft. Apache\ Ft. Totten. Ij()(). 540. "~'\j ~Iamie A. Clearenger, housekeeper, .------J Cha,. D. Record" Engineer, Ft. ~Iojare, Tongue Rirer, 360. . 1000. :'o10ses Iron ~locca;:llll, disciplinarian, --...... , Nev. S. Burrier, industrial teacher, Onei- Cheyenne River, 600. da, i20. . ket~tjhu~ J. \Tatkin,. nightwatchman, Has- ResiglLllions-Empled and Excluded fusitions. ---.. Lillian E. Kendrick, asst. matron. Ft.'\/lsabele Preston. cook. Yainax, 500. Hall. ij()(). --...... , Emil Hau,er. Gardner, Haskell. 600. ~ Katberine C. Eddy. kinder![artner. White~L""era chmidt. baker, Rosebud,.4llO. Earth. 1)0(}...... )lar:raret A. Lewl:" teacher. ZUni, 600. --.." Arnold Cruickshank. gardener, Rllund--..,Jobn F Teeple asst clerk. Riggs. 660. Talle)' 600 -- ." . II 600 - • "'1'II,:a '\1 H II d . d 't . I t b or ..... John Wilse\". gardener, Round' a ey, . - --- H m .. 0 an . 10 U;:l na eac t , k 'Ib Ft. Sill. ~20. -'--J ~Ia.![gie Platero. asst. coo ..~ uquerque, ...-/ ~Iyrtle J. Williams, asst. matron. Warm -1-. be J H d" I' 'an 'Iorris Sprinl:r", 400. ~ Ro rt . fory. bClP man ." , --- John . Haage. indu,trial teacher, FL 600., -E Ih Berthold. fim. • ~ Grace A. Vi arren, matron. '-"hlte ar , --.... Jo'eph A. End Ie)' industrial teacher, 600. Sh Rapid Cit ". 660. I ._ ...rene Whitehead. i:leamstress. awnee, ) _ 4:00• ..---, RE Bo laundress. Fort BeIK- Appuinlm,uls-ucq>led illd Excluded fositions. ';;ap~~80nem)' y, ~ ~b.rl(aret A. Lewi,. teacher. Zuni. 600. --..... Cha,. ebastian. carpenter. Fort Belk- r-J Xellie Plake. as,t. teacher. Ha,Ke1l4 '.-.." nap. -I- • --...... , Agne~ Picotte. laundre:- ... Y nkton.50C ""-..J Annie Pryor, laundre~s. Western ho- .-"" Florence Hurr. teacber, P' P ·nt. 54'l ,hone.. 4><0. . --' ~Iandeline J. Berzey. lJa na, .we:---' ~latIlda Hunt. housekeeper. San Felipe, ~ Charle, Ror. di,ciplinari orr!>. 600. . per mn. ---... Ro,e Enem'y Boy. cook. Ft. Belknap..\20, ~Iae ~Iarsh. asst. matron. Western Sho- "'"LIZZie ~Iarshal.laundres. White Earth..j:?<1. \ ,bone. 400. , ~ Clementine ~lcLaoe. baker. Rosebud. 4 . "t ~Iay Frank, bou,ekeeper. ~esa Grande, Ozetta B. Jenk,. ,eam,tr.,s.Sha..nee, 450. :ltC'per mlo. H ~beelock. asst. engineer, ~ J . G. -::--...J ornel u..; . H ...... , ames arne. teacher, Pine Ridge. 600. O'!'a!!e. HOD. ~ Don Juan Carl. herder. Rice Station. 31)0. .-~lIie A. Toombs. ast. teacher. Fort Herbet Fall},. a"t. engineer. O,age,600. Belknap. NJ. --... Lola Burmister hou,ekeeper. Salt Rii'>--.. Lou,i King, clerk & stenoj(rapher, Ft. --...er,"'60. " T.L...d.pwal.-, "00. W d I~~c \'eb~ter. Industrial Teacher. Onei-"""-....J ~-ona Paradise, asst. matron. estern '-.J a, GOO. \ 'ho,hone. NJ. P' Harriet H. K)'selka, matron, Hoopa Tal· '" .~Iinnie E. Freeland. housekeeper, IDe " .Iey, fiOO. R dge da)' 300...... , JOhn \VibeS g-ardener, Round Yal~ Rebecca Lonestflr. baker and a:;slstant • Ie)', 1;00. ' coole, Hayward, 400. 32 THE INmAN SCZOOL JOURNAL \ )loses Iron :Moccasin disciplinarian. Kittie Odell. hnusekeeper. an Felipe. 30 Cheyenne River, (;()(). per mn Carrie L Daley. Hou ekeeper. Rosebud day. 300. ~ ~Jalcom "-. Ode!!. teacher. an Felipe. :.----' Thomas D. Miner, teacher, Salt Rirer. i2, i:? per mo. to teacber. Lehi, ;2. "-- ~IrytJe J. \,illiams, a"t. matron. Warm ~ Oli'le LambertI matroD, Omaha, 500. to prill~". 4- • r matron, Jicarilla, tiOO. ---.; ~a~gie E. .'eldombridg-e, seam~tre~:l, "...... )Jary J. Whitley, cook, Omaha. 420, tn Southern Cte. 400. cook, Chamberlain. 500. - ~ C. A. Churcbill, asst. supt. Ft. Hall. 000, Appo;nlmmts-Uncla. HATEVER partake of death inevitable, the grave is pre the mysterious appeals pared. This perfectly round hole, to the mind of the Indi four or five feet deep, is just large an. Superstitious by enough to receive the body. It often nature and education happens that the medicine man makes and imagination to an a mistake in the diagnosis of the case extreme, all that is unknown and un and the patient recovers. His grave fathomed is associated with the mirac is then left unfilled until such time as ulous and su~rnatural, and he lives he is ready to occupy it. Should other in an atmosphere of mysticism. Death members of the tribe die first, new is to him a circumstance of the highest graves are prepared for them, the degree of mystery, says the Los An other being left to yawn till it gets gles Times, and the ceremonies at the one for whom it was made. It, teding the funeral and burial are, therefore, happens that nearly every therefore, elaborate and in many Pima cemetery contains several open cases imposing. graves. The services over the dead vary The burial is accompanied by chant greatly with different tribes, and the ing by the mourners, words laudatory methods of disposing of the bodies are to the departed being improvised. many. Inhumation is, perhaps, the The grave is filled while the weird most common method of putting away songs are being sung, and a pole fence the dead, but even here there is vari or covering is then constructed to ety of customs. Some bury the dead protect the grave from the depreda in a sitting posture. Others double tions of coyotes or other wild animals. the body together and bind it with The immediate relatives of the depart cords. Still others stand the body ed cut their hair a a sign of their upright, and in other cases the corpse mourning, and they cea e their occu is given a recumbent position. Sev pation for sel·eral weeks. eral of the tribes of the Southwest Immediately after the services at Practice cremation; some dispose of the grave the hou e and personal ef their dead by placing the bodie upon fects of the departed are burned and elevated platforms; others entomb his or her cattle and horses are slaugh them in stone cysts, caves, huts or tered and cooked. A great feast is other buildings, while some of the then made, in which all members of coast tribes sink the bodies in the wa the tribe in the vicinity take part. ters of the ocean. The Navajos have a horror of death, . The Pima Indians bury their dead and will not approach a corpse save of Immediately, or as soon after death as necessity. When death occurs in a pOssible. The burial generally takes dwelling it is immediately abandoned, place in the night time. The body is and as soon as practicable a new home prepared for the grave by being tied is built. In the meantime the surviv double with ropes passed under the ing members of the household camp knees and around the neck. When the out or take refuge with other mem medicine man of the tribe announces bers of the tribe. 34 THE INDLU' SCHOOL JOURNAL Sometimes the house where the tion, it continues on its we tward way death takes place is made to serve a till it comes to the Grand Canon, in a tomb for the dead, the doorway the depth of which they believe to being filled with sticks and mud. It be the house for the dead, to which is more usual, however, for the body they have given the name of ·'Maski." to be buried in a grave prepared for The Apache put their dead away it, the remains being conveyed to the in the clefts of the rocks, in shallow grave the next day after death by two graves. and, in the case of children, perfectly naked Indians, who, after in the tree top frequently. They the funeral, purify themselves before chant the virtue of the departed at resuming their apparel. the time of the burial, and the im The body is followed by a long pro mediate friends of the deceased give cession of friends and relatives, who themselws up to mourning for a march about the grave chanting songs period. and who, upon departing, depo it each The Pala Indians of southern Cali upon the grave some article which the fornia have had the advantage of departed will need in making his jour more than a century of religious train ney to the lower world-the location ing, one of the early missions haling of the Navajo spirit land. been located in their mid t. They The Hopi Indians have one burial have a similated the general idea of custom for adults and another for the resurrection of the body and the children. They believe that the spirits life beyond the grave, and have blend of the latter return to their mothers ed this doctrine and the burial cus and that th~y are born again. They, toms of the Catholic church \lith the therefore, dispose of the bodies of the original rite of paganism. ~oung by putting them in the clefts It i now their belief that the body m t~e rocks in the mesa, in any con is destined to lie a certain length of vement place, filling the crevice with time in the grave and at the exp~ sticks, stones and mud. The bodies tion of that period the resurrectiOD of the adults are laid in grave at the takes place. For this reason they are foot of the mesa. After being care t.h~ ~ully very particular to record upon dressed and prepared for a long rude board cros or stone slab Wit Journey a prayer offering i laid with which they mark the grave, the exact th~ body, to which is attached a long time at which the deceased ceased t~ strmg, ~nd the body is then covered st~nes live. The inscription will state tha and a p.lle of laid on the grave. such a person "died on the 19th day The stnng, whICh is left projecting of Julv., 1899, at 1 o'clock in the after-IrJ!I from the gra.ve, is then laid in a long noon. " In some cases cheap aa trench runnmg due west from th the carrn. e clocks are hung on the croSS, ., hands being set at the hour and miD It is. ~he belief of the Hopis that ute at which death occurred. . the the SPIrit of the departed, which is In the Coahuilla Cemetery, In. r thought to be asleep with the body in .. us !lite Colorado Desert I a curIO . the grave, awakes at the '. .' ' thel! f th f expiration used by the Indians to convey It o e ourth day, when it i su to follow the t· pposed dead to their last resting pl~~e. of s rmg up out of the e~y grave and along the trench h con i ts of two poles, the. han h ha' be ,wen which are cunninglv inlaid Wit ""- VlUg en started in the right direc~ pieces of horn and bone,. the poles "" THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 35 ing joined together by stringers of In the western part of Utah, in the horse hide, upon \vhich the bodies are Great Salt Lake Desert, is a valley laid. The burial of the dead is ac called Skull Valley, because of the companied by elaborate ceremonies, great number of human skulls and including the chanting of songs and bones found there. This locality is prayers and the giving of gifts to the the home of the Gosh-Ute Indians, departed, and the burning of the palm who have one of the most unique tree which was planted at the birth of burial customs known. This consists the departed and which bore his or her in weighing the body with stone and name. inking it in the mud and water of the The Yuma Indians of the Colorado few prings to be found in that region Desert cremate their dead. A funeral of thirst. pyre is erected as oon as, or before, The Mojave Indians cremate their death takes place, and the burning of dead upon a funeral pyre similar to the body takes place as soon after that of the Yumas. While the body is death as the arrangements can be being consumed certain priests or poet completed. The clothing and person singers, run about the pyre chanting al effects of the departed are con the praises of the departed. The in sumed with the body; together with a cineration takes place at night, and quantity of food to last the spirit on the ceremonies are weird and uncanny its journey to the realm of pleasure, in the extreme. whet'e it is bound. The house is also The Achomawi Indians of California burned, that those who survive may have a curious custom which is part not be reminded of one who is gone, burial and PlJrt cremation. They dig for, they say, "memory is but sorrow; a hole in the ground of sufficient depth therefore let u forget." to admit the body standing, leaving The Ute Indians place the bodie of only the head above the level of the their dead in caves, many bodies be ground. The head is then cut off, ing entombed within a single cavern. the weapons and personal effects of After each entombment the mouth of the decea ed are placed in the gra\'e the cave is stopped with sticks and beside the body, together with a stones to keep out animals, and the quantity of food, and the grave is place is not again vi ited till the next then filled. Then fagots are placed interment takes place. The prepara upon the grave and the head is burn tion of the body for burial is simple. ed to ashes thereon. During the 1 '0 change is made in the clothing, burning the friends and relatives the limbs being traightened and the stand about and chant a mournful weapons of the decea ed, if a male-or song. household implement if a woman The Yo-kai-a Indians practice crema being placed beside the body. The tion accompanied by elborate demon male friends of the deceased shoot the trations of grief and the chanting of horses and cattle which belonged to songs. They visit the abode of the hIm and burn hi house and personal departed daily for a year, sprinkling effects. The female friends, whose meal upon the ground to serve as food duty it is to prepare the body for the for the spirit. When a woman loses tomb, bear the remains to their last her husband she mixes his body with resting place, uttering hideous cries pitch, making a white paste, an~ she during the march to the sepulchre. smears it around her head, making a 36 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL white band about two inches wide, 15,000 people and eleven chool districts in the valley. The report from·these school districts which she wears as a badge of mourn for June, 1905, sbows 701 cbildren, against mg. 370 one year ago. The population of the The Kelta Indians believe that valley is greater than the school census would when one of their tribe dies a little indicate, because so many men bave gone bird take the pirit and starts with it there to start farms, leaving their families at for the spirit world. If the departerl borne until they are prepared to receive them. Imperial, the largest town, has a $5,000 has lived a worthy life the bird reach schoolhouse and a brick churcb, whicb also es the happy land and the spirit dwells cost -,000. Tbe men who work out in the there forever. If, however the life open all day sal' they do not mind the heat; has been an evil one, a cruel hawk there are no instances of sunstroke in tbis dry catches the bird and devours it, togeth air. The country is filled witb young college er with the soul which it i bearing, men. The moral tone of the valley is illus trated by the vote against intoxicants whicb and both perish miserably. was carried out at two different elections. A The Karok Indians of California per telephone system has been extended througb petuate the memory of their departed out the whole irrigated area. The towns friends by abstaining from all men possess neat brick and stone business houses, tion of them. If one is so forgetful concrete sidewalks and graded streets. Sbade as to mention the name of one of the trees are being grown, and at 1 months old poplars are from 15 to I feet in heigbt and dead, the others are shocked, for it is alford substantial shade.-The World To-Day. their beleif that the mention of the name causes the body or bones in the Will: .. if You Were Somebody. grave to turn and moan, and the ,'ever allow your pby ical standard todrop. spirit i halted on its journey toward Keep up your energy; walk as if you were the spirit land. In fact, the mention somebody and were going to do something of the name of a departed friend IS a worth while in this world, SO that even a deadly insult to the living relatives stranger \\;11 note your bearing and mark and is punishable by the law of the your superiority. If you have fallen into a tribe with the same penalty as murder habit of walking in a listless indolent way, "blood~ turn rigbt about face at once and make a a very heavy fine, known as change. You don't want to shutlle along like money." failures we often see sitting around on park benches, or lolling about tbe streets, with What Irrig>tlon lW Do.. ill the Il=t. their hands in their pockets, or haunting m telligence offices, wondering wby fate has Five. years ago tbere was not a borne in tbe Impenal Valley oftbeColorado Desert Th been so hard with tbem. You don't want,tO give people the impression that you are ~ was not even an Indian bogan (earth h t)e: couraged, or that you are already falling I shelter the engineers wbo surve 'ed u the rear. traighten up, then; land e~ canals from the Colorado R' y the first iver across tbe Be a man! You have royal blood In l A desert. The parched earth veins. Emphasize it by your beanngGod vegetation as a skating rink w:'dast bare of man wbo is concious of his kmsblp WIth hlv Ie" , n I seemed and of hiS power. and who belieres thoroug p ss promlsmg tban Deatb Valley for it I k in himself, walks with a firm.. vigorous ~:~ tbe mmeral wealth of that .' ac s with his head erect, his chin 'f" hiS sh"!'1 pro being as edimentary depo 'trfegIon, tbe ground thrown back and down andhlschestwe 't)" River. SI rom the Colorado jected in order to give ~ large lung capaC! . he is the man who does tbings.. reat or To-day a hundred thousand acres a You cannot aspire, or accomplish atti' actual cultivation on the Calif . e under fbe om .r noble things so long as you assume akling. desert and ten tbousand on tb " s.Ide ofthe tude and bearing of a coward or wethi ~ Towns have arisen aim t . e MeXican Side. If you would be noble and do nobleu right, principal are Imperial ~ I~'I~ mght; tbe you must look upward and to walk P in a not to look down or to shamble along dig Calexico, MeXicali, Heber: '.e, BraWley, semihorizontal position. Put charact~Maga' ing from 600 to I 800 ' land Silsbee, rang- , popu tion. There are n!l)', nobility into your walk. ucces Zine. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 37 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT INDIAN With a single exception, a greater percent TERRITORY AND OKLAHOMA. age of the people of Oklaboma are engaged in agriculture tban in any other State or Terri fi~e There are no saloons in Indian Territory. tory of the Union, the being 71 per cent. Indian Territory has 4000 miles of railroad. One of the queer natural phenomena of the Indian Territory is what is known as the Indian Territory has 800,000 acres of coal asphalt lakes, which occur in several places. lands. It is said these lakes produce a finer quality Indian Territory has 200 newspapers, of of aspbalt then do the lakes of Venezuela, which ~ are dailies. concerning which so much has been beard. The wholesale trade of Oklahoma City in The climate of Indian Territory and Okla 1905 was $30,000,000. homa is &lch tbat tbe diversified crops of both Oklahoma is a ('"manche Indian word signi the North and South grow there. For in fying the land of the fair god. stance, cotton and wbeat are both among the There are 3,000,000 acres of merchantable leading taples. as is corn, the great staple of standing timber in Indian Territory. tbe country midway betweeu the North and South. Two crops of potatoes are annually grown in Oklahoma and Indian Territory. Oklahoma City, the metropolis of Oklahoma, is one of tbe most surprising illustrations of Oklahoma sent to the St. Louis World's quick growth to be found in the West. Ithad Fair the giant watermelon which won first prize. 10,000 people in 1900 and few improvements. Today it is a pretty city of 30,000, with paved The town property of Indian Territory i, as streets and some of the finest structures in sessed at $200,000,000. Only town property is the Southwest. taxable. In spite of the fact that whites in Indian Oklahoma and Indian Territory prod~ce 20 Territory are there merely upon sufferance • per cent of the total American output of pe and have no legal rights, they out-number the troleum. Indians six to one. This ended March 4 of Muskogee, the largest town in Indian Ter this year, when tribes ceased to be and all ritory, had a population of iiOO in 1900. Ithas inhabilan of the Territory-white, red and incr2ased in six years to 17,000. black-stand upon an equal footinj(. Oklahoma is bigger than the combined area The average rainfall of tbe central third of of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jer Oklahoma and Indian Territory is about 33 in sey, Rhode Island and Vermont. cbes per year. Tbe western third has a little Indian Territory and Oklahoma produced less rain and tbe eastern third a little more. last year 250,000 bales of cotton, 30,000,000 about two-thirds of this rain falls in tbegrow bushels of corn and 7,000,000 bushels of wbeat. ing season. from April to September, and only one-third falls during winter months. The 607 banks of Oklaboma and Indian Ter ritory have a total capital and surplus of $17, Miss Johnson, a young Cberokee woman of 500,000. and the deposits are $42,000.000. Bartles"ille, I. T., has made a fortune in oil. Her leases j'ields her $200 a day. Recently Oklahoma did not bave a white inhabitant someone joked with her about getting married. until 1 ,the year of the great boomer race. and the young lady said that if she could find It has a population now of 600,000. the right kind of a husband she would slip a Skiatook, a new town in Indian Terri double eagle under his plate at breakfast tory, will bave a great future if there is any every mornmg. tbing in a name. Skiatook means Heap- Bij( Indian-Me. The natural gas belt in Indian Territory is one of the finest in tbe world. It extends Hamlin Garland, the novelist, is a land from the Kansas line on the north to rulsa, and owner in Indian Territory and is a resident of from Chelsea I. T., on the east, to Cleveland. MUSkogee from time to time often for con- o:r., on the west, a district 60 miles square. siderable periods. ' Recently a tract of 67 acres near Cleveland The wealth of Oklahoma Territory is $400, sold for $&lJ,OOO. It bas 13 oil wells and its 000,000. Tbe expenditures for the develop daily output is 1500 barrels. Tbe gas wells ment of the Oklahoma and Indian Territory flow from five to twenty five million cubic feet 011 and gas field in 1905 was $12,000,000. a day. Almost all this oil and gas is drawn THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 38 WHAr MAN SHOUlD DO. from tbe lands of Indians, who receive a royalty of 10 per cent. One Cberokee boy Rise when a woman enters the room. has in the last six months collected $3,000 m Remain sbnding until she is seated. royalties on a tract of " acres. Give her his chair if there is no other. There are 607 banks in Oklahoma and In Rise when any person, man or woman, is dian Territory. Indian Territory bas 1 introduced to him. national banks and 138 private banks; Okla Open the door for a woman to pass through. boma bas 95 national banks and 265 private Hold it open and let her pa through first banks. Only eight sbtes in the Union have if it opens toward them. more banks, compared with the population. Pass through first and hold it open for her When the two territories are joined they will if it opens from them. have more national banks tban anyone of the Turn and walk with her if be joins her on 35 other sbtes. the street and not stop her to converse. Tbe largest city in the proposed tate of •'ot off;r to pay her carfare unle he is Oklahoma is Oklahoma City, with 35,000 pe0 her escort by intention, and not merely her ple. Guthrie, the present capibl of Oklaho companion by accident. . ma Territory, follows with 19,000. hawnee, Remove hi bat completely when greetmg a O. T., is third, with 18,000; ~Iuskogee, 1. T., woman or when bis woman companion greets fourth, with 17,000; South McAlester, 1. T., an acquaintance. fifth, with 12,000 in the town proper and Take the curb side of the street when envirous; Lawton, sixth, with 9,000, and walking with either l,ne or two vtomen. Tulsa, seventh, with 5,000. Assist his feminine companion in and out of Wbether the enfranchised Indians of the a carnage, trolley train or any conveyance. new State of Oklahoma will be Democrats or Precede ber in entering a theatre, hotel, Republicans i- a poser to politicians. An In lobbv. restaurant or any public place except dian is not given to heralding his intentions. a ch~rcb when a woman goes first, unles5 , h ~ When the Civil War came on, nobody knew tbere are no usbers, in which case e g which way they were going to shoot until they first to find seats.. . first. began shooting. The Chocbws and Chicka Permit her to step Into an el.-ator . . "f' .. to a publIC saws, whose reservations are along the Texas always. In getting lUt, I ,t ,s m border, generally sided with the Confederacy, place, he leaves first. . . firmitr while the Creeks and Cherokees, in the.'orth, Invariably proffer b,s seat to age, m . . h t· u',se tbey ap- went pretty much to the Union. or helplessness, In w a .-er g than This is not more good manners rd There are several Indian millionaires in In pear. towa dian Territory. The richest man in the Terri tbe kindly instincts of a gentleman tory is J. J. McAllister, a white man, who wboever is weaker than himself. _ went into the country from Arkansas 35 yea!'!' ffer his seat to any woman who see~e O t beea", ago and married a Chickasaw Woman. He less able to bOd than himself-no _.. . beeause "'" made the first coal developments, and is now sbe i pretty. or smart, nor "ell th' the the foremost mine operator. William E. Has i a woman, but for th e reasonsetfor III kell, another white man, whose home is in foregoing paragraph. . are not Vinita, is a millionaire, He married a Chero Remember that these observat,?n~worn'" kee wife, thus securing legal sbtus in the foolish meaningless subservIence. tesy and but th~v make for the gentle ~u~an ioter' Territory. He has a big cattle ranch in •'ew tboughtfulue,;s wbich makes all u ~Iexico, Arizona and Old ~Iexico, course more pleasant. - Exchange. "YOUNG MAr, COX IDER THE POSTAGE STAMP. ITS USEFUL ES LIES ~ IT ABILITY TO STICK TO A THING UNTIL IT GETS THERE." THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 39 Au Indian Ddmds His p",pl.. The Indian Journal contains the following defence ofthe red man: "Tbe writer remem bers well wben the wool cloth woven by tbe squaw commanded a good price, wben there Au Indi..'s Tcl was not so many tailors in the country. We "The Indian hasa queer way ofdetermining call to mind a time when the white man whether or not a man is game, judging from wore overcoats made of blue blankets with a an experience I had some years ago, J1 said a broad black stripe across the shoulders, likea man who once made an educational tour of dun mule, and the Indian looked at the won the West, "and the same little experience derfully dre ed dude with his buffalo robe convinc.ed me that the Indian's system of around his person. At this date, the young reasoning along this line is hy no means a man of the hour in his duck suit would smile bad one. at them botb, but the wbite man has hung "Stories had been told which brought about himself in a deep linen collar, very uncom a clash betwen the Indian and a white man. fortable, and wedged his brisket with a cor The two men originally had nothing against set and stuck bis feet into a banana·shaped each other. The Indian bad a bad reputation shoe and calls it fashion, and the red man is -that is, be bad a reputation of being a bad trying to get into the fashion by punishing man, a desperate, dangerous fellow, who himself likewise, having cast off the above would fight a buzzsaw at tbe drop of tbe bat. said blue blanket overcoat witb the black The wbite man who blew into the section stripe and tbe easy wrapper, the buffalo skin. bad in some way gained a similar reputation. The red man is right on the trail of his white He was said to be a dangerous character brother, so much so that be has taken to Pe and a man wbo had never been whipped. We runa, the national drink. He has reached concluded that we would have a little fun. that point where he can even talk statehood We met the Indian and told him a long just like a white man. It is said that he-the story about this new rival and reminded him red man-is even taking his first lessons in that bis laurels were in danger and succeedPd graft. It is not every wbite man that can do in getting his pride stirred, and his Indian this, and for goodness sake how can the Unit blood was soon up to the fighting point. ed States expect every red man to be an ex Soon after this we met the wbite man, and pert at tbese? Just because a man is wbite we filled him up witb the same kind of talk. or hlack is no sign that be is a solon, there He said he would take care of the Indian all fore, don't expect too much of the red man. right in due time, and, in short, would make land back and g-ive bim a chance. Of course, him take to the woods. Shortly after we all Indians are not sharpers, but same to you, met the Indian again and told him the desper white or black. Give the red man an even ate white man was after his scalp. He break. U smiled and shook his head. "A few days later we were talking to the Au Indian Girl's Dowry. white man when the Indian came up to join Tbis morning Tams Bixby, commissioner to the group. He bad spotted tbe stra]ger and the five tribes, sat witb one eye upon a pile knew bim by sigbt. Without saying a word of greenbacks and drafts about six inches to him he walked up within arm's reach and bigb, and the other upon a young Indian girl struck tbe white man in tbe face witb a rough who was waiting, when a Times reporter beavy glove. He paused for a few seconds stepped in to tbe oflice. Tbe girl had sold and bit him again. 'Ugh!' he exclaimed as he forty acres of her allotment and the $8,000 wheeled around and walked away. The white stacked up was to be paid to her as soon as looked at the Indian in amazement, but made the purcbaser came in. no sbow of resentment. Later in the day The girl was Mary Cochran, and her allot when we asked the Indian why it was tbat ment adjoins the town of Dewey. The forty he did not follow up the iD5ult with blows he acres she sold was bougbt by F. A. Blanck, told us the white man was a coward. In ex wbo will plat it and sell it in town lots. Plaining bow he knew it he said the man's There have been no oil wells drilled on the 'taw dropped' when be struck him in tbe face land. The girl i' a full-blood Cherokee and looks ~thechnd ti,,!e with the glove and that this, co t e IndIan, was an unfailing sign of to be about eighteen years of age. -Muskogee wardlce. I'-New Orleans Times-D2IDocrat. (I. T.) Times. LAsa 0\'- 'l'VP1CAL lNDIAN AI'l'rll'~N-rlC£S MANUAL TRAINING AND CAn.PI~NTllV LASS AT CIIILO CO. A Tribute to the Red Man 0! HE Indian is a natural warrior, a natural logi cian, a natural artist. We have room for all three in our highly or ganized social system. Let us not I make the mistake, in the process of absorbing them, of washing out of I them whatever is distinctly Indian. Our aboriginal brother brings, as his contribution to the common store of character, a great deal which is ad mirable, and which needs only to be deyeloped along the right line. Our proper work with him IS improve ment, not transformation. " - Commissioner Leupp. ~ 1 42 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL A FAMOUS MAN OF BUSINESS. bim a high rate of interest on bis investment. His great love for humanity manifested it TEPHEN GIRARD, the wealtbiest cit self in 1,,3, wben the yellow fever was raging Izen of his hme, was born In Bordeaux, in Pbiladelpbia. Citizens, through frigbt, S France, Yay 24. 1i50, of very obscure deserted family and friends, but for six and very poor parents. Being blind in one "lVeeks Girard nursed tbe sick, tireless in his eve be became the butt of ridicule for all of efforts to relieve the suffering, thus winning bis ~laymates. Because his early life "lVas so the beart of every citizen. absolutely devoid of filial love, he left home His sound judgment, broad vie"IVs and ster at tbe age of fourteen to beeome a cabin boy ling worth, together witb the wealth be had on a vessel trading between tbe West Indies acquired, enabled him to sustain the govern and France. ment at the most doubtful time of its career. Having only attended chool for three Out of seven and one-balf millions wbicb be years, bis education was sadly deficient, but left, (and whicb at that time was considered by diligent study at odd moments during his an immense fortune), be gave six millions to life on board sbip, he mastered the necessary found a college for poor cbildren. requirements for a business career. It bas been tbought by many that the lack His love for the sea tempered his ambition of happine and education in his own early to beeome a captam, and at twenty-four, we life stimulated his desire to give, so fat as find him master of a ship plying between possible, an opportunity for all children wbo New York and France, and later on between were unable to secure an education. 'ew York and the West Indies. Like,'apoleon, he worked long and bard w At the beginning of the Revolutionary secure training and knowledge necessary for War, while sailing from tbe lVest Indies be success, and bis great fortune was made in was driven into Delaware Bay by a Britisb cruiser, and, finding it impossible to conduct his later life, the result of a foundation laid commerce at so.., be sailed up to Pbiladelphia, by hard work. where he disposed of bis cargo and ship and His greatest cbaracteristics were industry, set up a small store and bottling works. He determination, peristence and integrity. Be prospered so well in this business that at the ing a man of strong will power, be made out close of tbe War h. bought several ships and a list of rules, which be followed most dili agam started commerce betwClln tbe United gently. States and the Indies. Perhaps it was to tbis tbat he owed much This was really the foundation for his for of his success. tune. It was several years later tbat he started tbe Girard Bank-thus becomin tb STIJ'IIE1I GIRARDS "SUGGESTIQ~S." first American banker. g e 1. Be JUlDctnal. ~e\"fr be a minnte lale in uri\" ~, Although a man coarse in appearance bis iog at Jour place of bu...ine.. but often fl,ye or leo minnlt... earll". L undoubted honesty and integrity won for' him ~ Yale y~ur emph,,Yer· ... intere..t yoar interes the respect of the entire city A few e f b . . years Aim to do your la"k... in tbe he"t manner pl""lbl a ter e started hIS bank the charter of tb Be '-nre that "00 ondentand ,,"oor employe.r·~ bank of tbe United tates expired d / whhe ilnd tht'~ do 'fOUT 'bt-st to rom ply witb thtm. ~'our t3J1d great foresight induced him to bu ant lIS 3 Do work cheerfullr. Acbeerful "piri tbb' ynoony a~reeilble maune~ plea.."e not ouly your employef'>· e U5mess, but the buildings, as well. but all with whom TOO hafe occa,,!oo to a....',lCiale. He succeeded in obtaining the bu . tbroo~b a~~ ti II smess prac- -to OIIYOO work promptly. Get 'ith ca yfornothing, and the bUildings at a third moch work iL'" pO""lble in the earty part of tbe d .f .-\hny...... ee that half an bour's w(Irk: I~ done in hal of tbeU' ongmal cost. His wonderful abilit ao boor. In conductmg the banking aff . _ . Y dimcultie~. f th ' aIrs practIcally 5. OIJ not be di .. hearteot'd at It; a e nation accrued so much to b' . likeIv tbat TOU would at rst be entirely pie . tb t b bee IS credIt witb·anr """':'1tiOD All be'riODiD~aredimCoILGirt a. e. arne tbe only reallv wealtb . l~a - de- of hIS tIme. - y man tbe place a trial of(loe month at !ea..t beforeYoa . t CI"de a~ain"t it: and h(JWefer much you mal dL-.tikfin Girard was the owner of a small farm your emlllr'Jmen let not your dbJike ..boW iL...el mIles from Philadelphia, and it gave him a few indifference or lD.1ttentlon to ,·oor dotie", l' ~ Do Dot u1' delIght to drive out to it in h' . k great 6. 01, not be rn"en to much talkiD£'. ·.h fi .. IS rIc ety old a t ,... fI ' . ,..-H-JI t, wbere It IS said be would w k h u - cu your own affair.. or "our family a aln'i rOur any of his most faithful labore% as. al'd as Mrantf'r... ""enr crltid1e your emplvyer:. or - business tact is said to be ex .. HIS great iL..... ociate.... . rgb t ::~II'lfled I. When ,"OUf own s!ledalta"ik for any day .'i~~of- farm, which, although but a m his ilnd not "'ulJlcient to keep TOU bU ...Y. do not fal to one, paId fer yoor a ..lance to otb~n;. Thi".-ill .. erTel: THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 43 create a friendly feeling between yon and your as "ociale.... CATAWBAS FAST DISAPPEARING. 8. Tbi.. is a bu.,y a~e. E\"en-body is hUrrying. Much h. done in a .. bort time. Therefore mOH bri... k. During the past few mODths attention has lyand lep til-ely if you bope to meet the expecta tion... and appra'-a! of yooT emplo~"en;.. been called to the condition of the Catawba 9. There WIll be times when \'"i)O will Deed to re Indians by appeals from the Indians them main on doty after regular ho~r-.. Do Dot murmnr selves and by other publisbed items in regard or <:.bow any di"pleasnre 00 sucb oc':a.....ions. Accept to them. It is clear that the system under the ..ituatioo brat"ely. and wort witb increased earn e",[De!". which these people are living is a failure. 10- Alw-clY, keepio mind "'elf·impronmeoL Learn The Indians are not growing richer, they are where'rer and whene'"er yon cao. Make yoosel! not improving morally; they are discontented, W"ortby of promotion by the manner yon improve dissatisfied, quarrelling among tbemselves, in yonr work. Qne way to impro\"e ,"our-elf b to study carefully the method.. and habits of tbe :o.ti.C sinking lower and lower physically, mentally ce.... fnl bn..ine...... men whom 'fan "lee and meet. and morally. There is something radically 11. lmpro\"e your lebure ha""or.. b. careful read wrong. It must be in the form of government respec~ ing. In order LOcommand a young man and mode of life which the state has been mU~l know '-()metbing of the world and i~ daily life ib public affair..... and iL'S public men. To be able t~ trying to perpetuate. It is a matter worthy COuYerse intellij{eut1,.. YOO mu~t read not ool~ tbe of thoul(htful consideration dail)" paper... bUt. a1 ...~ g~ literature. ~ It is conceded that the individuality, the I:? Be 'o;crnpulolL",h' bon~t in all ,'on do and personality, of the Indians is a factor in the truthful in all you ~~y. Prize a noble cha~ter above e"er)'tbing else, and let no one eyer tempt problem. As to that there is only one solution. you to do a mean act Time and education alone can evolve this mysteriDus quantity to the power desired. It NOTE:-Under the caption, "The meanest must be remembered, however, in this con man in AmerIca," W. C. Brann in his Icono nection that there is ground for expecting clast once administered the hottest roast that much. For the Catawba Indian has atleastone ever flowed from his virulent pen. The sub trait which takes rank amoDg the highest vIr Ject of this tornado of bitter invective was a tues known to man; aDd, if there were noth young mimster whom Girard had picked up as ing else UpoD which to build, his faithfulness a poor steet waif and placed in his college for alone IS enough to give hope for all things. He poor boys where he received a liberal educa has shown that he posse es at least one of tion. Years after when this boy had grown the virtues essential to right character. His to manhood and had donned the saceniotal fidelity to the white people duriDg the colon robe of "the elect," and after his benefactor ial days and dunng the Revolutionary war, the had passed to his reward, it was proposed by Yexican war and the Civil war, is proof suf the friends of Girard College that tbey raise ficient that as a tribeandpeople the Catawba funds to erect a monument in Philadelphia to Indians have much of inherent worth. Their the memory of tephen Girani, and this young development has been hindered, thwarted by mmister was asked to aid in soliciting the nec the invironments under which they have lived. essary funds. He replied that he was opposed South Carolina is responsible for this. to the Americn people contributing any funds Tnday we find on the reservation about 100 forthe purpose of perpetuating the name of representatives of a tribe that marshalled 15, an mfidel. Such an act of ingratitude was not 000 warriors in 1700. Few of this 100 are aDY to be passed by without censure orreproof, so thing like fullblooded Catawbas. The great some one wrote to Mr. Brann telling him all majority of those living on the reservation the circumstances of the case and requested are idle, lazy, worthless. They have some of . that ~e give the YOUDg minister a good hot the best land to be found in York county, roasting in the Iconoclast. That Mr. Brann bot they farm very little of it. They rent it did so is quite evident from the following out to the neighboring white people for a part peroration:-ORis cerebral convolutions are of the real rent value; they fish a little, nothing but the writhings of malodorous mag though they sell practically no fish, they make g~ts'l When life leaves his feculent body I am a few pipes and some earthen ware, which a . a oss to know what will become of it. It tbey sell for a pittance; they receive a small lh ll not do to bury it in the sea, lest it poison e fishes; nor m the earth lest it provoke a amount from the state. Thus they eke out a ~esblence; nor swing it in mid air like Mo miserable existence. ~met:s coffin, lestthe circlin~ worlds iD trying It may be argued that they have sufficient .aVOid contamination clash together and bnng . opportunity to live well, and to improve; that night ,~gam the reign of Chaos and old . O. H. L. with good farm lands and with a cash bonus 44 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL from the state they should be independent. There is only one thing to do, and the sooner Such a line of reasoning omits the individuality that one thing is done the better it will be for of the Indian and at the same time fails to these human beings. The land now under their consider the tribal relations. control should be divided among the Indians, The Indian is wanting in ambition and a cash bonus gil'en to them, and then they energy'. He and his ancestors have never should be told: "You are men. You must felt the need of the higher and better things of make your life." life. His wants are few and these easily sup Ye', many of them will fall. But the failure plied. Before he will move upward his wants will in the end mean success. Many will soon must be increased, and be must have the loose their land. theywill soon find that they opportunity of supplying those wants. He must lil'e by their own exertion, and they will can live the life he is living with little exertion, go to work. A few will retain their land and and it seem to be a very good kind of life to getmore. All of them will make progress as him, He knows nothing of the doctrine of indi'idual human beings; and in the years to happiness through work, and the all·powerful come will make good citizens. principle of gain through los has never been The tribal form of government has served recognized by him, To him it is better to wait its day. The Catawbas are in need, Let in proverty and wait for the little sum he South Carolina recognize the folly of trying receives from the state tban to exert his own to perpetuate the Catawbas as a tribe, and energies in making acrop, Often he will work give to them the opportunity to meet and face for a while as aday laborer; hutdoesnot enter the hattles of the twentieth century, as other upon any work that promises advancements, men are doing. He knows that the little cash bonus will be The Cau-wbas are simply human beings; ready for him at the proper time, and hemarks and the same laws, social, political, religioUS time hy such ply-days, and enconomic should be applied to them as They must remain on the reservation or all have been found best for other men. Individ is lost. They are unwilling to reach out. ual effort, individual failure, individual suc Their field is too limited, They do not want enough. ce - i the only rule of life whereby men can move upward. The Catawba Indian must be The writer is not unmindful of the history of allowed to take his place as an individual and these Catawbas; he knows something of their he must learn the lesson of give and take. faithfulness to South Carolina in days when their friendship was valuable indeed; he knows Columbia, S. C_, State, something of their bravery and is somewhat familiar with the legends of the tribe' he is A hilhl", Choctaw In4ian- nnt unmindful of the fact that a great'dealof our territory once belonged to the Catawbas, A Choctaw Indian has proved faithless to He admIts the debt South Carolina owes this his pledge and there is mourning through people, He submits, however, the right way out the tribe. He was charged witbhomlclde to dIscharge thIS debt is not to hold this and had been released as is customary in that remnant of a once powerful people in t 'b I tribe on his own reco~izance. But be failed to re~urn at the appointed time aod "as later degradation and to foree these few represe:~_ , on arrested and returned to custody. There IS, , bves to hve under a form ofgovernment h' h . f r thelT ' 'I' ed w IC the part of these Indians, no Pity 0 ClVl lZ, man has outgrown, If we Owe him . ::.e- anythmg we owe him the privilege and oppor recreant fellow. but there is lamentatiOn tuniodty of being a man who can face life as I't cause of the shame that he has brought upon IS tal', the tribe. g South Carolina in hertreatmentof this people For those who regard this sentlmen. taman . .' lied that a has been controlled" and directed in the mam' the IndIans as strange It IS reca f byth e sentlmentahst. The state has bee few year, ago Walla Tenaka, a baH-player ~ asked to look atthe Catawba Indian as thou ~ the Choctaw tribe, who had been senteDe he were the red man of Cooper d g ed that he an other to death for murder, was relcas romancers. The Ilhistorian" h . 'd f the season, , as nel'er grown might play for the remam er 0 n's tired of telling that South Carol'lna s~aso f h ' owes much the only condition being that at the !l o er temtory to these folks, as if these folks close he hould return and be execut d'tion do not stili owe the Cherokees for th f ' played ball as though no unusual con I' and tbe arne, paying in I ea oresald . . I f tbe fata dav- than was paid them Thess acc~Ptable com eXISted, and upon the amva 0, with(lllt pleas are made. . ese an 100 other was on hand and faced the nfles flinching. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOl'RNAL 45 RICH CROW INDIANS. The first $90,000 of the $1, 150.000 which the Indiansare to reeeivewill be spent by the Sec From the Xew York Tribune. retary of the Interior in improving the irriga Awaiting the word of President Rooseyelt tion sj-st<:m which the government is con 1,100,000 acres of rich agricultural and graz stmcting on that seetion of the reservation ing ground are ready for settlement under the which the Crows still hold. The snm of $10, Home tead and other acts by whicb a citven 000 goes to the extension of the ditches of of the United States, though poor, can acquire individual Indians. Then the whole irrigation an estate. The land is a part of the bunting scheme is endowed ,vith the sum of$100,000, grounds of the Crow Indians in southeastern the fund to remain in the United StatesTreas Montana, which were years ago made into a ury and draw interestatthe rate of4per cent. reservation for the members of that tribe. In fifteen years, it is expected, theirrigation The governmen~ began negotiating with the scheme will be self-supporting, and the Indi Indians for this land in 1896, and 50 many de ans and the Secretary will then get together lays have there been that it looks now as if it on a further disposition of this money. will be next spring before the reservation The Secretary of the Interior, through his will be actually thrown open for "ettlement. cattle buyers, will also spend ,240,000 purchas In the bargain for that part of the reserva ing two-year-old Southern heifers. These tion for which they have no use the Crow animals will be placed on the reservation Indian chiefs have shown themselves to be as a part of the herd which the tribe owns in masters of high finance. Not for kegs of common. brass tacks, red blankets and barrels of rum The appropriation for jackasses which Con did they barter away the lands of their fath gress provided was $15,000, for two-year-old ers, as did the Atlantic Coast Indians in ewes $40,000, and for fencing the reservation the days when Manhattan was being settled. with six strandsof barbed cattlewire, $40,000. Pretty Eagle, Two Leggins, Medicine Eagle For the erection of school buildings the and the other chiefs were entirely too "up-to government set aside $100,000. A hospital is date" for that. They saw to it that the being built at a cost of$IO,OOO, and it is en government paid the tribe $1,150,000 for this dowed with the sum of $50,000. The balance of surplus acreage, and by this one deal they the purchase money is to be placed in the made themselves very rich Indians. Treasury of the United States as a trust fund The last census of the Crow tribe shows for the Crows. It will bear interest at the that there were only 516 men, and among this rate of 4 per cent, and out of it an annuity of number the purchase money would have gone 12 a year will be paid to every man, woman a lonj( way. There would have been about $"2, and child on the reservation. In this way the 300for each adult Indian. The government well-being of the Crows will be provided for If deelded, however, that it would not go far in times to come. the tribe grows smaller after all if the Indians spent it in their own there will be more reservation lands to be sold to the goyernment and fewer Indians among way. It would have been a case of "hike" whom to divide the proceeds. There are forigs,B'llin or Toluca, or Pryor, or some of tbe other towns on the railroad, where they members of the tribe, however, who deelares that it will not decrease and that the educa would have purchased all sorts of curious tion and comforts which the government prom things, from plume-bearing hearses to silk ises them will cause a gradual increase. but hats, and without doubt they would also have that will be against all Indian precedent. laid the foundations of a monumental "jag." There Ii "Here fell Custer-June 25. 1876." All was discorered in the year 1820, and no outlet around it are slabs marking the grares of the from it has yet been ascertained. Four or soldiers of the 7th Cavalry. Scattered through five large streams empty thelllBelves into it the area which \\-ill soon open to ettlement and the fact of its still retaining its salien; will be found many Indian burial scaffolds. in properties seelllB to point to the conclusion the disposition of which it is likely the govern that there exists a secret bed of saline de ment will take some action. The Crows have posit over which the waters flow, and that a peculiar burial custom. Friendsorrelatires thus they continue salt; for though the lake build a scaffold eight or ten feet high, on which may be the residue of an immense sea which the body is placed in a rough pine box. A once corered the whole of this region. yet by canvas covering gives protection from the its continuing so salty with the amount of weather. In the bare prairie country these fresh water being poured into it daily, the grewsome reminders of the end of Indian life idea of the existence of some such deposit stand outin striking prominence, and the new from which it receires its supply seems to be Montana farmers will douhtless object to hav only too probable. ing them abou t their ranches. There are no fish in the lake. but myriads of small flies corer the surface. The buoyancy V.nishiog of ural Sol! W:.. of the water is so great that it i not.t.U an easy matter to drown in it. The entire There is much recent interest in the Great length of the alt Lake is eighty-fire miles, Salt Lake, the Dead Sea of America. -an in terest based on two particulars, its salt pro and its breadtb is forty-fire miles. Com duction and its seeming shrinkages. The pared with the Dead ea, the Great Salt Lake h~rvesting of salt from its waters began is longer by forty-three miles and broader by WIth the commg to its shores of the Mormons thirty-fire mil .-Week·s Progr in 1847. when the salt then obtained was due to the summer evaporation of water held in Broke Up the Po...·..."", little ponds or hasins. About 1860 dalllB were General W. E. Hardy.secretaryoftheK.... built to increase the size of these ponds. nation, who is within a few weeks of bis ~:!d whIch were flooded in the spring and the birthday, is one of the interesting cbaracWs water evaporated during the summer, the salt of Okl.homa, and is as active mentally and hemg raked up in piles along the hanks and physically. as most men of 60. His memory used as needed. stretches back to things that happened when . ytt When the process of reducing silver ore by very few of the present generatIon were. the chlonn proeess was discorered the de on earth. On a recent visit to Guthrie he mand for salt grew rapidly and th .-as . . e output telling of a great pow-pow which was held on mcreased. reachmg a total of fifty thousand the upper Yellowstone river some sixty year.; tons 10 1890. The increase has been stead ~o, smce then and to-dav Utah is th . h Y under the auspices of one of the great ' e Slxt salt praducer among the States the fifth . fur companies by whom he was then employed of prod t Th ' 10 value All of the Northwestern tribes, sereral th<>o uc . e barv""t increased f ro~ sand in number bad been assemhled by tbe 720 harrels in 1880 to 417 501 b 96. J re5- year 1902. ,arrels 10 the fur company, which was making them P By continual loss of water thro h ents to gain their friendship. While tbey tion Great Salt Lake has bee ug evapora_ were encamped there une of the first steam- :\ rth.-",t concentrated solution of salt ::e a hlgbly boats to penetrate the wilds of the. 0 much reason to beli ,d there IS came upthe river Hardly any of thesarages . eve that this . .- tbef continue and the lake graduall dryprocess WJII had seen a steamboat before, and .-hen,' 1886 Its area was estimated ~ up. In saw .It at a d'Istance, commg. up the nferthef1WU square miles. while recent a about 2,700 rolling clouds of smoke from its stacks, . fl! one. only 2,12.5 square miles n:urveys make it were sure it was the work of teeh t shrinkage, though not ~ e cause of this With one accord they broke and run, ~. y '. r tweD~J Variously belieVed to be :olutel known, is stoppmg untIl they were fifteen 0 tbef to irrigation or to a hue to eraporation, miles away from the monster. There ren'~ Whichever it'be if tho su terranea. n outIel d~ ~dual pitehed their camp, and thither theen;::e In tinues. the lak: is vaDlshing COn- had to be transferred. The .Iann 0 tbef Four barrels of the :'te~ . dians was finally quieted, but for years nEtI~ 11 evaporation, nearly a barr I 7 Ileave. after beliered the stream where the smoky m~L e 0 sa t. The lake had appeared was bewitched. _Osage Jo CHIPETA, THE I 'DIA HERO! E OF THE MEEKER MASSACRE • FROM THE BROOKLYN EAGLE HE~ T the new Denver, .l 'orthwe tern who saw the way things were going became W and Pacific Railroad penetrate East alarmed and sent protests to the military ern Utah, on its way to Salt Lake, anthorities in Colorado and to Washington, it is probable that the Uncompahgre reserva but Yeeker advised against any show of force tion will be partially throw'll open to settle and matters grew steadily worse until finally ment. On this reservation lives Chipeta, the threatened out-break came. A small wife of the famous Chief Ouray, and she party of Utes descended on the reservation fears lest some such move will destroy the and capturing Mr. Meeker, while at work in last remnants of her race. Chipeta is cele a field, tortured him in the most horrible brated for her daring ride to rescue the wom manner. When his body was found it was en who were captured by renegade Utes at pinned to the earth by a barrel stave. The the time of the Meeker massacres in the White women rushed to the milk house, where they River country, Colorado, thirty years ago. barricaded themselves, but the door was he has always been a strong friend of the broken in and they were carried out into cap white people, and Eugene Field, when an tivity, where they suffered indescribable editorial writer on the Denver Tribune, in torments. I 2, expressed the gratitude of western pe0 As soon as the news ofthe )Ieeker massacre ple in a poem. was flashed to Washington, a strong com Chipeta's heroism was the climax of one of mand of cavalry under C CffiPETA. S81' b Gi ~ rne.. t and t O~ 3. Jf' rac~ l"t ber a lodge OQ the mountain "ide. And, wben "be 1-. ~ODe, liD tbe bill prO\'lde The queeD of the nt:, 1,1'01 r(.. 'jog place. Sb : r~ Where old Ouray dart'd D t ride ti:.bpa through the "Udern mn~h and wild: Sb e rude to plead for woman ~d cbild ..., e rode by the yawning cba.... m'!) ... Ide. b~ rode on the rocty, flr- By Prof L. H. Bailey in Youths' Companion. Tluse Th'o Articles are Printed by Penn;'lrio•. OHN and his father were hoeing patatoe OI course the father assented, because he J one July day, between the orchard and knew it ..-as u eless to do otherwise. The the barn, when the boy suddenly leaned only regret be Ielt like expressing was tbe nn his hoe and declared that he was going to fear that John would now leave the farm for college. g-00<1; but on this point John did not commit Tbe fatber looked at bim with an amused himself, althougb, as a matter of fact, be and incredulous smile, but the boy persisted, had oIten said that he bad "got enough oI and gave his reasons. farming. " The college experience was greatly to Jobn's The ho:ing of potatoes did not satisly him, he explamed. Other boys in the neighbor liking. He was pleased with the freedom of a hood bad gone to college or bad left borne to student's life as compared with tbe weary see the world. He wanted to see tbe world, routine of borne, with the delig-hts of discov ering new book and exploring new subjects, too. He wanted to know whether t.he tbings and with the many bappy comradesbips. tbat he read in tbe books were true. He was H was an agricultural college tbat John at tIred of work Irom morning till night, and tended, for such a college was accepted, as a tIred of the village and oI the tbings tbat matter of course, as the proper place for a were common and dull. farm lad. He was not mucb impressed witb It was soon apparent to the fatber tbat the college farming, but he was greatly at Jobn was in earnest, and tbat he had long tracted by tbe explanations of all farm prac been pondering the subject. The lather was tices, for he had always been in the habit of shrewd enougb to know that it would be bad asking the reasons why. I' po ICy to oppose the boy, lor he more than Gradually he acquired the habit, quite un ?nce noticed in bim a strong tendency toward known to himselI, of questioning everything lndependence, and he had oIten wondered that he saw a man doing in the gardens or whether his son would long be contented to the fields, trying to find a reason for it, and remam on tbe old Iarm. wondering wbether some other way would not Tbe Iatber did not commit bimseli to John's be better. He found every piece of manual plan, but put him off, knowing that if the labor to bave a deep interest all its own, quite boy bad really made up his mind he would apart from tne object it was design ed to ac b~ng up the subject again. The new deter complisb. mmation that John put into the doing of the It was probably this growing interest and chores that night and his silence all the even- mg . inqui. The Ideas .fohn Brought. had new recipe for farming. but that he He began to look upon farming as pre ent· applied to h', farming a kind of homely bet ing a series of problems for solution, not as a scientific philo ophy. mere round of duties. It was just this atti· The foundations of this philosophy were few; tude of mind that finally made bim a succe '. to prepare the ground well, and then prepare it ful farmer, for every item in the farm·work again, and metimes even again; to do orerr profit~ was to be tbougbt out \\ith care, and every thing just in its season, when it m 't object about the house and in tbe fields was a by the doing; to keep land alway, momg subject for discussion to the end tbat it might from one crop into another crop in a we J. be improved. planned rotation, so that one crop cleaned and Naturally the fatber was somewhat incredu. prepared the land for the ucceeding one; w lous of the many new notions that John take the greatest pains to keep the land fer· brought back to the old place; but he was tile and in good heart. by the rotations and by fully aware that John was really a new man increa.;ing the amount of live stock; to knew witb larger ideas. He also realized that un: what insec and diseases were likely to ap less be gave the son an opportunitv to work pear. ano:! to be prepared to meet them the out his new plans, the old farm co~ld not be day they am"ed; to exercise the great 'tore expected to interest bim long. to secure good seed-it was noticed that he Of cour.;e John made mistakes. These sometime- paid unusual prices for it; to begin were carefully noted by the neigbbor.;. But to prepare for marketing his products g the first ,'ear he made a signal success by before they were ready. growmg tbe best field of potatoes in the The most marked departure he made ...,in nelghborbood, and tbi he did witb much Ie the matter of live stock. This was not the tban tbe usual application of fertilizer. This first point of attack, however, for the fa " field became the subject of mucb discussion at did not feel like risking the live stock in John', the store, and once it was referred to in the hands. But as the field crops turned out • grange, and frequently some one would d .. well, he graduallygave John thechargeof'tO'k up the road to th fi ."'e lt~'' · e eld, survey It carefull" and as his father began to gi"e up then dnve on. J' work. John applied his ideas to the animals, The next year several of the neigbbo The farm was now able to support three watcbed John as be prepared his ta: animals where it had supported one bef re, ground,- It was soon apparent tbatsome animals ate What He Did With His Home. mucb more than others, yet "ith no betterre suIts. Most of this food was needed to keep In all th.is there was the same quiet, steady the animals warm. He discovered that he pace as WIth the fields and the herds-every could not afford to batten the windy old barn thing seemed to work in as part of a plan, and by stuffi.ng hay into the cows; boards were never needed to be undone or done over again. cheaper. This lead to an overhauling of the Part of hi plan was the planting of a few barns and sheds. The barn frames were good, new bushes or other plants each year. There and he boarded the buildings over, making always seemed to be a place for these \\ithout them snug and warm. encroaching on the roomy front yard. Before he had proceeded far \\ith this reno The region was not particularly well adapt vating, however, he found that he was losing ed to fruit, yet a small orchard gradually valuable time by traveling from barn to grew into bearing, and every neighbor was barn, for, in common with most farmsteads surprised to find how many things would thrive the building, were scattered. He prompt!; there if only given an opportunity. moved some of the smaller buildings, so that John often said that he had the advantage of all of them finally were connected, forming the merchant because everptroke thathe put practically one building. This resulted in a on the farm was also put on the home. His I:!eat economy of labor and strength and home, as well as his farm, grew better every time. year. He was not a renter. A spring on the With the overhauling of the barns came the hillside was piped to the house and barn, painting of them; and \\ith the painting came supplying water to family and to stock, and the removal of rubbish and the general "slick making it possible to have all the sanitary mg up" of the barn-yards. All this made conveniences that one has in the city. In a the place look like new. level country he would no doubt have put in John did not "go much on looks," however a \\indmill or a small engine to supply the until after the productive power ofthe farm water. establishment was put on a new and perma The neighbors were asking John bow he nent basis. To this end he at first gave found time to make so many improvements, most attention to the inside of the barns than for he did not seem to hire an unusual amount to the outside. of labor. His answer was always the same Not only were they made warm. but light, in substance: Have a plan, work to it, keep and provided with proper ventilatIOn, and so at it. arranged that they could be kept clean. He was fond of sa}ing that it is not so John liked to feel that thesuJ(arandgroceries much because of lack of time as lack of pur that he bought at the store were clean and pose that farmers do not have more of the wholesome; and he thought that milk also comforts. If a man thinks out a line of im shnuld be clean-but it would not be clean if provement he \\ill find himself employing his made in a dirty stahle. odd minutes and hours in working it out. The key to his farming was efficientey. John Most men do not employ their time and effort had even thought of calling the farm "Effic to advantage. lencY Hill," but he concluded that the name This was well illustrated in thegeneral trans Would be too pretentious. formation of John's premises. Old feftces .There are some persons who farm for effi disappeared. Boards and stove wood and Ciency-to make every part of the enterprise stones assembled themselves in comely piles. Produce more and better. There are others Trees straightened themselves up. Roadsides Who farm for looks, beginning \\ith the showy le'eled themselves and mud-holes dried up. Pbaurts first. The former class remains in the Posts and pumps and trellises took on a look SIness. of pride. Buildings reshaped themseI'es. It Was a common remark that John's place Fields brightened up. All of this change was Was gradually improving in appearance, al- so gradual and so natural that more than one though r. . . .0 great new Improvement came up neighbor declared that these things grew, qUickly. This year it was the removal of the just as the crops grew old worm fence along the road' another year Johr, would tell that he made the farm pay. It Was th d' . • b e Iggmg out of the old sprouts and Of course he encountered many difficulties, bUShes about the garden; again it was the and ome years his profits were small But t~II~,ng of a new chimney, or the painting of he lived comfprtably, kept out of debt, and b~ ouse, or the tearing down of an objection- was always his own master. a e outhouse. His college training had opened his eyes to 52 THE INDlli'l CHOOL JOURNAL the common things, and every one of these quarter of his profits was money, one-quarter objects, whether a new insect, a flower or an the satisfaction of beinl( able to control his animal, set going a new thought. He found own affairs, another quarter the joy of mak· ing a h?me, and the remaini.lg quarter the no lack of diversion. entertamment he receIved from all the things I remember his once telling me that one- that he ...as able to assemble on the farm. DEVELOPIl G EW CROPS By Bet'erly T. Gol/O/cay. UST as I was prepariog to write this arti where an ideal soil and climate are found for cle. one of our men came to me and asked them. As ...e proceed north...ard. ho.....er, Jthat I visit the greenhouses for the pur the hardines- of the alfalfas diminishes. so pose of examining some new clovers, ...hich, that we reach a point where, although there although still in the baby state, showed evi is still much available land for the plant. it dence of being different from anything of the does not and cannot thrive. kind in the ...orld. Returning now to our clover plantlet.; in I found these litde plants being tended and the greenhouse, ...e have here the result of nursed as carefully. perhaps, as any baby ...as bringing together from somewhat ..idely ever nursed. Outside of the greenhouse. the divergent sources, different characteristics snow lay in drifts, but inside, heat, moisture in clovers, and combinding them in surh a and light were being made to order for the way as to produce a new plant different in purpo e of encouraging the infant clovers to many respects from the parents. In other to make their best growth. words, a new type has been produced by r"'" .These representatives of the vegetable sing or hybridizing two species, each haWg kmgdom are new productions. developed as desirable characteri>tics, but characteristics the result of a preconceived plan having for which did not meet all the ends in riew. its object the betterment of the 'human race A CloUT Combination. as a wbole and of the farmer-who represents a consIderable portion of the human race-in A certain crimson clover grown extell5ire particular. Iy in the eastern section of the United tote; is an annual' that is its life is only for ooe Nearly every one knows what red clover is " f and the same may be said of white clover: year. This clover is a verv valuable plant or whIch grows everywhere in this country and the purpose of renovating 'the soil. and at.'" Whose sweet blossoms are SO attracti~e to for forage. The area of its cultiration. bo'" bees and other insects. Besides these two ever, is limited by its inability to resist great there are a number of other clovers, as weli cold and the fact that it succeeds only on as many related plants, like.the alfalfas of certain types of light, sandy soil . I t our Western country. The ordinal)' red clover, howerer, IS aPan of vel)' much wider distribution. It is 00: ..All these plants have well-defined charaeter- IStIcs They bloom in a certain wa . annual, but lives year after year, and .. flowers are of a certain color and thY' theIr characteristics quite different from the r:. where the be ' e range SOn form. By combining some of the r of limited to [er:~ distr~:wn Isuccteh fully is ac tenstles"0 f th' e cnmson caveI r with thosero- th I . no erwords ese P ants are more or less fi ed ..' the common red clover a plant has been Pre far as the lay mind' x entities so duced which in all probability will be IIlO IS concerned. Such be' the. case, there are times when . mg valuable than either of its parents. daI· deSire to improve the d' . man, m his This is the main object of the work, ~n ,leP ~on ItlOns of th f er, reaches the point wh h e arm though it is still in its infancy, the ~;rioll farther. ere e can proceed no has been accomplished; namely, the p_ f bOW For example, red clover h • of a hybrid having the charactenstJr' ~ ,..;II a northern limit be 'ond :" a soutnern and parents. This production. this hybr differ' tain its highest d Y I whIch It wIll not at- al::~:m~nt~ now be tested with many others fro~ for W' of this clover i What is true ent sources over widely extended a~bilit)· .t many kindred plants 0 e alfalfas and s: purpose of determmmg Its adap and t" ceed admirably in th me alfalfas will suc- new condition of soil and climate, e great central We t , value to the farmer as a new crop· THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 53 All tbis work, as pointed out, bas been done and the blood of the edible sweet orange of as tbe result of a carefully laid plan. The the South, were planted in a number of sec characteristics of tbe different clover plants, tions to test their hardiness. It was found tbeir adaptability to different soils and after a few years that they could stand con climates, tbe weak points of one and tbe siderable frost; that is. they could be grown strong par of another, have all been con as far north as avannah or Charleston with- sidered. out fear of serious injury. ' Three or four years ago this work was de Up to this time no fruit had been developed, termined upon, and after careful consider and it could not be determined whattheirreal ation as to the desirable combinations, the value was in thi respect. In 19(),l, however, work was placed in the hands of a competent we began to ebtain the first fruit from these man who could perform the necessary tech new l}-pes of oranges, with the resultthat we nical operations, and as a result, entirely new are encouraged to believe that we have an types have been brought into being. absolutely new creation in the way of a citrus fruit, something that, while different from the Using the Hardy Orange. orange, will be exceedingly valuable to the Just outside my window j' a large, vigorous whole Southern states. shrub, perfectly hardy in the latitude of The New Citrus-fruit. Washington and also as far north as Philadel phia, and even in some regions where the So far, the fruits borne are moreJike lemons winfers are still more severe. This shrub was than oranges. Yet they are not ~emons in introduced from Japan a good many years ago, truth. They have some of the characteristics and is commonly known as the trifoliate of the gra!",fruit, or pomelo. They areabout orange, or hardy orange. the size of an ordinary orange, and not only Although the shrub belongs to the orange make most delicious preserves and marma family, it is not a true orange. Ithasasmall lades, but are very valuable for summerdrinks fruit, about the size of a walnut yellow in and "ades" of various kinds. color, but unfit to eat. The le~ves of the These new hardy oranges may never take shrub fall off at the approach of frost, like the place of the ordinary sweet oranges as we the leaves of other deciduous plants. have them to-day, but they will certainly be f A number of years ago, when several great of immense value in placing in the hands of reezes destroyed the orange-groves of Flori the people in the South a fruit which they can da, our men who were at that time engaged easily grow in their back yards and which will m the investigation of lhe citrus-fruits in the enable them to provide their tables with deli state, conceived the idea that a hardy orange eacies heretofore not easily obtainable. mIght be secured by using the small Japanese The full story of th""e oranges is not yet or trifoliate fonn as a basi for breeding. To told, for there are many other seedlings to be co~ceive this idea was to act. Soon work was heard from in the matter of bearing fruit. gomg on, having for Its object the production The hope is that among theEe will be found of a race of hardy oranges. The work was hardy sweet oranges, and that thus it will be done partly in lhe greenhouses at Washington practicable to establish orange-groves again a~artly in the orange-groves of the south. in all parts of Florida. e hardy Japanese type was used asoneof One of tbe important crops grown in the tbe parents, while the well-known tvpe of ,'orthern tates during the winter is lettuce. tender sweetoranges of Floridaconstitu'ted the Many large greenhouses are devoted to this other parent. lany thousands of crosses work, and from a comparatively small estab Weretb made and many thousands of seedhnj(S,. lishment, containing from one-ql:arter toone Tbe results of these crosses, were secured. half an acre, the gross product may equal in ese were grown from time to time in our value that from a six-hundred-acre Western gr;:nhouses, and then sent South to be tested. farm. Work so extensive as this requires soon as the seedling began to grow it strict attention to every detail. Nothing but was known that hybrids had been secured' plants of the highest quality ean be grown, but tho , n IS was not sufficient. First, the hardi- and in order to grow them from seed the seed CSs of these seedlings had to be determined itself must be bred to the very highest point. and s ' had econdly, their nature as fruit-be~rers For ten or twelve years I have worked on to be ascertained. lettuce, studying its diseases, endeavoring to The little s edI' .,hin them t e 109 oranges, haVlng WIt find out methods of improving the conditions he blood of their hardy northern parent under which the crop is grown, getting in 54 THE I 'DIAN SCHOOL JOUR AL touch with the needs and requirements of tbe as parents, and used in the breeding w.n. various cities as to the quality of crop, and Following this line of procedure, we have by pursuing other similar lines of investigation. various combinations created or developed During this time many types and varieties of varieties which approximateouroriginalideal. lettuce have been tested and grown. and while After all this is accomplished. however, some have proved of excellent quality, the fact there is still much to do in the matter.f remained that the ideal lettuce to be grown growing the plants on an extensive SClle and under glass for the Eastern market did not getting the type ··fixed, " as tbe expressioo exist. is. . 'ature, as a rule, abhors such changes It frequently happens that we can form our as we have been discu sing, and unless are ideals and yet find it impracticable to develop fully guarded the stock will soon revert to them by any means known to science. Lettuce the original. To avoid this the charatter5 is a crop which has attained great perfection. bred into the new types ml1>t be made perm' and for years there has been little advance anent. Sometimes this is a long process, made in the way of improving types by tbe sometimes not long; all depends on the ordinary methods of selection. kind of plants with which one is working. It was recognized that some of the ideals As a simpler method of improving plants, existed in one type, certain others in another, what is called "selection" is followed. Thi; and still others in a third. •'0 attempts were is nothing more than taking advantage .f made to bring these ideals together until re constant changes in the plant, and selecting cently, when it was considered worth while to intelligently and continuously with the object make an attempt to hybridize lettuces, that of developing the form toward an ideal aireadY is, by hybridization to incorporate into one decided upon. variety the desirable characteristics a! others, Thus. in the case of ugar corn, one of our thus producing an ideal form. men connected at that time with a Ia.>ge Tbe actual techniqueofthe work was known seed' establishment. formulated in hi.;.:"" to be exceedingly difficult, if not impo ible, mind an ideal U!(llr corn for a certain ~UO. but It was thougbt desirable to make the at. of the country. He wrote out a descnp tempt. The plans were all made, varieties of thIS com, giving the size of ear, ,hape ~ were selected and characteristics decided up. size of grain, characteristics of habit.' on, and o~e o.f our expert men was given the lrI"onh of plant, and other quaIItles·' covenMb' task of brmgmg these cbaracteristics into one form by crossing. the various features of his ideal. Then e began the work of selection. tak'109 as'. h The wo~k was SUccessful, and we have to basis the ,arietv approximating most c ;<. day grow1Og in Our greenhouses, although . f! 5 that would stand up while all their neighbors of dust which bear within their crystal walls succumbed to the disease. This uggested all the hereditary qualities of the parent the idea of selecting seed from such plants plant. carefully and regularly, with a view to devel oping a disease-resistant type. The work The History of a Thousand Year.. was started, and at the same time that dis The history of a thousand years may be ease-resistance was kept in \iew. all other wrapped up in one of these little grains. matters having to do with the length and Color, shape and size of the leaves; color, strength of fiber, fineness of lint and so forth shape and size of the flowers; length of life' ...ere also considered. After five years of ability to resist cold or heat. and a thousand this work a type of cotton was secured which other things which make up the attributes is able to resist the disease. and may be plant the life and de\'elopment of the parent ar~ ed \\ith impunity in fields where the ordinary found here. cotton i entirely destroyed. At the base of the pistil, snugly protected From these examples it is seen that the and cunningly hid away, is the ovule, which breeding of plants offers great possibilities in contains \\ithin its minute walls all the attri· improving our crops. As the work advances bUles of the parent that produces it. So when new facts are discovered whicbeliminatemor~ the plant·breeder brings the pollen grain and more tbe element of chance and reduce from the plant which is selected in contact the operations to a strictly scientific basis. with the pistil of another plant he has select· I bave spoken of a few of the things that ed, the ultimate result is the fusion of the have heen accomplished in this field and I contents of this grain with the little ovule. may close with a word or two as to h~w the From this fusion a seed is formed, contain· work is actually performed. ing the attributes of both the pollen grain . It has already been pointed out that the pro and the ovule. Ject may be planned in advance just as ac /(ow begins a mighty conflict, for not all the curately in some respects as the construction attributes can survive. Some must be sup· of a house may be designed. To plan such pressed for the good of the future plant. work, however, presupposes a thorough Maybe the very ones the plant-breeder wants knOWledge of life, the growth and the habits are suppressed and the ones he does not want of the plants involved. It also presupposes a become dominant. If this the case he must thorough knowledge of the needs of the coun either try again, or by cultivation eliminate try or the section of the country to be bene the undesirable characteristics. fited by the development of tbe new plants. •'ature does not always take kindly to this Beyond all this, there must be an intuitive sort of work, and in consequence the plant· knowledge that will guide the worker in breeder must exercise the greatest inguenuity hlending the characters of different plants in in order to find out the proper way of effecting such a way that the desired results are sure fertilization-that is, getting the pollen to to follow. Some men po -ess a genius in this fuse with the ovule. ~U'echon, just a~ some a genius for combin In the case of clovers it took six months 109 colors into a beautiful picture. before a single eed was produced. Thesuccess After the work is all laid out and is fullv of th,s work was only po ible when the flo...· dec,ded th • ers were kept in moist air after the little pol· d" ,t the character of two or three 18tmct plants are to be blended the actual len grain was brought in contact with the operaf· ' 'on of makIng the cross remains to be pistil. ]!erformed. A thing to which the plant·breeder always The difficulty of this operation variesgreat. must give most careful attention is the elimi Iy WIth diff I . nation of the pollen from the flower he iu th erent p ants. Lettuce IS one of e most difficult plants to handle in this reo tents to fertilbe. If he does not do this, S]lect on account of the minute size of 1he natural fertilization is effected by the pollen, fiowers I II and of course no hybrid will result, for the th o •• n a cases, however, the essential 109. IS to hrIng . the pollen from one of the fusion here only unites like characteristics. d"Ired pi t . oth . an s In contact with the pistil of an- Frequently. after many operations such as I ande;h~ ;uch a. way as to effect fertilization have described only one seed will he pro .. ormatIOn of a seed. duced' but if this seed is the result of a true W kno ,thIn each fl ower are certam. organs cross,' of course it may have very great value. give"'" as the stamens and pistil. The former All hybrids are produced in this way. When nse to the pollen-minute golden grains the cross is a simple one-that is, merely THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 56 tion. as in the case of the com and cotton re between two desired speeies-tbe progeny ferred to, is much more simple. The method may show characterestics of botb the speeies has been followed more or less systematically involved. It frequently bappens. bowever. in all countries and in all ages 'nce crops tbat after the first cross it is necessary to have been cultivated. It is nothing more than introduce otber characters hy a second cross. the selection, from a given lot of gro...mg in which event the operation is the same, plants, of tho e eeds whicb sbow advantages but the complications r",ulting therefrom either in the way of greater productive po.. may be many times greater, owing to the er. or greater vigor. Such seed being plan suppression or dominance of all the characters ted, the progeny is likely to possess addition which bave been brought together into the al productivenes or vigor, and thus the p.lO cess may be continued until very great un blended form. The method of improving plants hy selec- provements are made. AGRICULTURE IN R RAL SCHOOL J. K. Ackerman in Oregon Teacher'. Monthly. (The following article from the Oreuon terial resources for the purpose nf enabling Teachers Monthly. while not entirely appli the school to plan its work to reach the new cable to Indian schools. will he of interest to demands made upon it. Indian Service workers. illustrating as it does The rural schools of Oregon have, from tbeir the intense interest now being manifested in inception. gradually improved; and tbeIr agricultural teaching everywbere. There are efficiency has grown with their grnwth and some good ideas for us here.-Editor.) strengthened with their strength. until tod2y President Arthur Twining Hadley, of Yale hetter work is being done in them than at University. has an article in a late issue of any time in their past history. This 1.1 the natural outcome of cultivation and fostenlll[ the Saturday Evening Post whicb has attract so~ ed much attentIOn in educational circles and care. But, while this is true, there is room for improvemeot. There are broa is one which is well wortb careful study not ht uode~ only by the professional but by tbe laym~n as fields yet to be possessed and broog intelli~ent tillage for higber advancemeo~; well, for it furnishes splendid material for _~~ serious thought and reflection. While I can and I believe one important field noWIO n?t agree with President Hadley in many of constitutes tbe ubject noW under dic"'"taJl' en ~ his contentions, yet his article is valuable in namel)' • "The Teaching of ElemI' I 1,I'l;- ls that be emphasizes in tbe strongest manner Agriculture in the Rural Scboo . that it possible thefact tbat the course of study will liove this measure is pracbcable. and ri liES within the domain of public school ~nl ever he, as It has been in the past. the educa . t . to ,ucc~ tional battlefield. Thatis to say, the subject In our state and can be po .10 '" the~ matter of the course of study can never be operation, Why not7 The clbes ha trr: defimtely agreed upon for all time heca special subjects. Why not the. C:t 'of h . ' use a c ang~ng and growing civilization dem.nds a A princi.,.l law of our beIng IS •• pe~ and It Illi chang~g and growing course of study to progress"and higher CIVI. '".n"....."on•. htenroent meet Its needs. The scbool exists for the sole the human race 00 to greater enh~ .,..ell purpose of fitting the youth of our land to Our public free chool Sy~tem ~Iaces ~ell IE meetth~ varying and changing condition of of all childr~n-in rural distnct.> as Ii n' bUt ourf .clVlhzatlon ' and l' ust as soon as a school in the cities- a fair. business educa ~idJen ails to do that duty it will lose tbe confidence wor~~ c there are many bright and u ha" a ' and support of its patrons and will eventuall in the state that deserve and sho edncatio~ ceased 'tto eXIst from lack of fi nancla.I SupportY cess to facilities for agncultural an I ought to. The Oregonian struck th~ It is for these I am pleading. first orga!" keynnte In ItS editorial criticising P esl'd It is a well-known fact that the thO ;ole Hadley's paper in which it so stron:l . e~t ized schools were established for for th' mated that the school of th f Y ill I- 'f e uture must purpose of fitting their student.> n theIl!' meet lI e at more common points . ministry, and la,er on they toOk ~r. learned in the past and that the Arne' • than It has selves the task of prepanng for . ant idel draw more and more freel ncan people will y upon their ma- profe 'sions, Culture was the doJD1ll THE L"IDIAN SCHOOL JOeRNAL 57 with no thought of an education which would the commercial and literary, and should lead reach the masses. to the state university. In both courses due When the elementary schools were organ attention must be given to the fundamentals ized, their courses of study quite naturally -reading, writing, arithmetic and language followed those of the higher institutions and, -for without these nothing can be accomp- hence, were courses for culture only and lished. We plead for elementary agriculture de,igned to meetthe college entrance require in our schools for several reasons. ments. It has been hut recently that the First, for the purpose of instilling into the courses of study have modified to meet life at minds of the country boy and girl love and its practical sides and, doing this, the culture respect for the land in general, and for the side has not been sacrificed, for one of the occupation of agriculture in particul.r. We most marked changes in pedagogical though t contend that in this day of advancement and is that culture may be derived from the pur scientific methods, the farmer cannot pursue suit of the studies that have a practical value. his occupation by the slip-shod, unscientific It is self-e\;dent that the old course of study methoda as of yore; consequently he should -based on culture-tended to fit its students receive systematic: instruction, and that such for village and city life-away trom the farm. instruction must be systematically given in Today there is a grov.;ng demand that rural our schools by teachers who have made spec life shall receive its propersh.reof attention. ial preparation for giving it. That is to say, While this question is a comparatively new the farmer of the future, in view of the one in Oregon, it is an old one in other states; changed industrial conditions, cannot hope to many ot them have had the subject under ~IS be successful with no other training than that CUSs ion for years, and some of them have picked up in a haphazard fashion on the farm, gone a long way toward solving the problem. and he must look to the public school for this This movement for elementary agriculture in training, as this is the only organizatiun the rural schools is not a fad. but is a neces regularly establised for his education. sity. It has already proven its value. While Second, unle the youth is taught to many details are yet awaiting solution yet the respect industry in general and appreciate results have been such that there v.;1l be no the material side of civil life, he will look up backward step. That we shall make mistakes on all labor as mere drudgery and feel that and, perhaps, failures, there is no doubt; but culture is the only thing worth striving for that it will ultimately be a part of the rural and that anything materialistic, in so far as school system there i no question. Just how it is for citizenship, is beneath bis respect. the problem will be solved, I am unable to say. To illustrate: Not long since I stood in a I am of the opinion, bowever, that it can be .cboolroom in whicb hung a picture of "Tbe partially solved by having two courses of Man with the Hoe," and underneath it was study, one for the rural schools and the other written the one word, "Labor. II It seemed for village and city schools. The one for to me tbat any child looking at tbat picture ru.ral schools placing stress on subjects which from dav to day would become so imbued WIll educate the child along the line of his en with th; tbougbt thatlabor was debasing and, vironment and leading directly to the agricul bence, to be avoided, tbat he would invari tural high school, and thence to the agricul ably shrink from tho very tbought of it and tural college. May I digress from the main especially a~ork connected with agriculture. subject to say that the true function of the I would banisb all such pictures and tbougbts agricultural college must not be lost sight of. from the schoolroom, and place in tbeir stead It should ever be kept within the scope of teacbers wbo love industry for its own sake, what its name signifies, and its best and teachers who are in full sympathy with rural truest friends are those who insist that it life, teacbers who can see the beauties of rshallh perform th e work for which.-It was estab- nature as well as its material advantages. ~ ed. The agricultural college has its field Tben and only then will farm life he lifted be ~_ work, and the state university has its yond "The Yan with the Hoe" idea. May ISbnct field-both distinct both important tbis come speedily, should be the prayer of to the welfare of the tate' and both to be all who have the best interests of society at encouraged b ' - your sympathy and finanCIal heart. We verily believe that elementary resoure Th be f es. e other course of study should agriculture, rigbtfully taught, will be a and r~med to meet the demand nf the village potent factor in bringing this about. sch c;ty child, and to correlate with the high Tbird, almost all of the material used in 00 whose course of study will emphasize our present school work nearly always exer_ 58 THE LWlAN SCHOOL JOURNAL cises the reftective and receptive instiDcts iD elementary agriculture when the course of contradistinctioD to thIS, and many are of the study i already over..,rowdedl Second, ho.. opinion that thc active and creative instiDcts may it be t;Iught when so few of ourteachelS should be more fully cultivated. For thi are sufficieDtly traiDed to teach itl The an purpose no ODe thiDg affords such an abund swer to the first question must be that cer aDce of material as does the growing plaDt. tain elimiDations must be made in the present In the school garden wbich will become, course of study for rural schools. Xnt of eventually, a part of every well-regulated subjects necessarily, but of subject matter of school, the pupIl will have ample opportuDity the ubjects. For instance. one-half, at least, to become acquaiDted with vegetable life of tbe arithmetic can be omitted as ..ell as under wise direction and instruction. one-half of the bistory, and so I migbt con Fourth, every person, sooner or later, must tinue if I should go throuj[h the list. Remem experience aud become accustomed to failures ber, we said the essentials are not to be and successes. By means of the school gard sligbted, neither will it be sligbting them if en he is taught to do a defiDite thiug early in the arith.netic, geography, history and graD> life aud to make an iDtelligeut study of why mar were reduced by one-balf. On the other he fails or why he succeeds, a le5S0n that can hand, instead of slighting the essentials, they not be too early learned. would be more thoroughly taugbt than at pres Fifth, our kDowledge is derived from two ent, because after the non-esseDtials ba,. sources, that which is rcquired directly from been omitted the teacher will bave more time ohjects and the other wl>ich we receive for the es eDtials, even tbough tbe elemen second-hand, so to speak. One of the benefits tary agriculture has been added. TheD, agalD, to be derived from the study of elementary time as an element is only relative. Interes! agriculture is that it trains the pupil in ways is the main factor in all literary work. With and methods of acquiring kDowledge for hi~ tbe added iDterest. which is sure to come self, and iDcidentally acquaiDts him with from the study of elementary agriculture, the manner in which informatioD is origiDally carried o..r the essentials mucb more and acqUIred and how tbe world's stock of kDow better work can be don.' in the essential; le;lge has been accumulated. There are really than can be be done witbout tbis added iD two worlds-tbe school world and tbe real terest. If the demand is cre"ed, our no~ world. Tbe scbool world should be cODnected schools and the agricultural college will 0-'" with the real world as nearly as possible, and to the occasion in a short time and teachers thDs make the value and meaning of school will not be wanting. The state of WiscollSlll app~reDt. more One of tbe most valuable bas organized a system of country traIn4 studIes WIth whicb to accomplisb tbis is ~'1C elemeDtary agriculture. schools for training teachers for rural work, with epeia! reference to tea. Ill!: Sixth. elementary agriculture forms an elementary agriculture, and tbe expe;e: avenue of communication between th '1 . e pUpl in all counties in which it has been tn ._ aDd teacber, which is iDvaluable it be' . xpeetaOOll' field iD which tbe pupil will be a ; to h mg a far exceeded the most sangume e ()lll' . p. ave a fac~ c!earer VIew of real knowled tha of tbeir exponents. As a matter of teah '. ge nthe normal schools, as now constituted'rd the c er and 10 whlcb the teacher can help to make It more exact. teacbers away from in tead of to..a for .' tb' I dono! ruraIschools' and 10 saymg IS, -'" These.'are the reaSODS W'Dy eIemeDtary I , did \fOJ'" agnculture should be made a part of tl> a moment wish to reftect on the splen arefuI now done by our normal scbools, but ~c t the ral scbool curriculum The t e ro- a hild .. coun ry scbool consideration \ViII convince anyone b ~ c Deeds th~s while the city child needs . h teaC er manual tram mg. It is . statement 15 correct. W en a I sc"""l, a tbat all the powers of t~ec:~?S~~UI~rd~ completed her course in the Dorm board;. dtheveloped. The country child does not ed she is in demand by village and CIty mag' and, as the compensation is greater v ,.;II e manual trainin fr h De In t of it at home but ~e' dOoe e gets certain parts and city scbools tban in rural scbools. II traiD-i . . ' s need a syste . tralOlDg in that which h . . matIc readily be seen that the normal sc~en ~. follow. Havin . e 15 most likely to for the city and village schools. rursI . . g gIVen the reasous wh . .., for our my OPInIOn, elementa.. y, m demand a certam trammg ·t th rural schools so that a teacher, who is special and animal life about them and of inspiring ly trained for teaching elementary agricul them with love for the farm life which, per ture, may go from school to school in his haps, may seem uninteresting and distaste group visiting his schools, once a week. or once ful. in two weeks, just as the special teacher iu a It is evident that the solution of this prob city goes from building to building and from lem will require time. We cannot jump at room to room. Of COllISe the salary of the onee into a complete and effective system of teacher would be borne by the several school agriculture instruction in our rural schools. districts comprising the group. This teacher Many mistakes may be made if we undertake could have a horse and cart which would sen'e too much at first, and much injury may be to carry him from school 10 school, and also done the cause of agricultural education in enable him to carry his apparatus for illustrat that way. For these reasons I am inclined ing his work, such as pruning, spraying, graft to take a rather conservative position, and ing, etc. This teacher would soon become suggest that we have our plans well digested, authority in the country on all matters con· before we undertake to graft the new branch cerning the science of agriculture, and thus into the rural school system. But at the become invaluable to a community as well as same time, we can look fonvard and hope to the schools. Do you shudder at the cost? fully to the time when the elements of agri Well, of course, that is something. hut not cultural knowledge will be taught in every ru nearly as much as you would suspect. Tben, ral school in the state; and feel sure that when again, it is not what an article costs, but tbat time comes, the people of Oregon will en what one receives in return that should be joy a large measure of happiness and pros taken into consideration. perity. It seems plain, then, that agriculture edu cation in the rural schools must be elementary AN ORIGINAL PROBI.EM. 'n character. In a general way, I should say that the aim should be to teach children the It is desired to cut the following pieces simplest principles of agriculture, to give from cloth fifty inches wide, with as little them some idea of the elements of the natu waste as possible. While this can hardly be ral sciences as far as they bear upon agri called arithmetical, it does require ingenuity and study. cultural matters, and to inspire them with the A. One piece 26" x 40" love of nature and country life. Such instruc B. One piece 12 x 321 tion should be, perhaps, the most rudimen C. One piece 2ii x 28 tary form of the work now done in our agricul D. One piece 12 x 15 tural college. I need not tell you of the E. One piece 28 x 28 F. One piece 28 x 28 wnnderful po 'billties which lie behind in G. One piece 1 x 15 telligent instruction of the boys and girls in H. One piece 15 x 19 the simplest facts in nature's domain. An I. One pIece 15 x 2\l IDterest aroused at an early age lasts through J. One piece 50 x 24 K. One piece 15 x 2\l !Ife. Itmay be the means of forming the tastes and directing the life-work of the children There are a score or more of ways in which this might be arranged, hut the problem is to -! /..3 b 2.K 12 '>'-0" Zf :z i" , , A [ f .. '"oj '" B ,,~ "J" cl H " I I Y 4 SQ' s THE FA~flLY KITCHE By H. Kerrwhan.• EFORE discussing the kitchen let If we have an old house and it is B us first plan a kitchen. There such that the walls cannot be painted are a great many arrangements that we may next resort to the oiled or would make our kitchen more com'en varni hed papers. These as a rule ient and of no added expense. have the de ign of tiling, also coloring. We may not all have the pri\ilegeof thus our color cherne could be the planning our kitchen but we may make same a abO\'e mentioned. The oiled an old and inconvenient kitchen con papers can be washed, but more care venient. is necessary than \\ith the painted The ideal kitchen usually ha the wall walls. or a portion of each wall tiled, and All the wood work in the room sometimes the floors are tiled. hould be of plain hard wood so there Tiling has its advantages and dis. \\ill be no place for dirt to lodge and advantages. It is easily kept clean hard wood is less aborbing of moi lure and is of no expense after once put in than soft wood. for it will last as long as the hou~ The be t floors for the family kitch· stands. Certain colors of tiling could en are tho e of hard wood and oiled. be u ed that give a warm appearance The wood has a certain amount of which is often necessary II'here th~ spring, thus not being tiresome. The kitchen is on the north. The lighter oil prevents the soaking of water into sha~es make.the room lighter by re the floor and hard wood i Ie 8 apt [0 flecting the lIght and this is often an sliver than soft. The floor board! advantage, especially in towns where should be well joined together so there the blocks are crowded. will be no accumulation of dirt be Tili.ng has the appearance so often tween them. d of bemg cold, and it is cold. Ifit be The windows should be large an used o~ the floor it i very tiresome for should be uch that they can be lowelr. \' ntl g. there IS no spring to it as there is to ed from the top with ease. e the wooden floon:. tion and an abundance of light are twO In the family kitchen we cannot as thmgs· often neglectedm . our kitchenI a rule afford an ideal kitchen b t ' u we even though they are treated proper Y can hav~ our walls and floors such that in other parts of the house. HariD"~ tathey wIllfrender . some of theadvan- plenty of ways of ventilation we \e '.ges 0 an Ideal kitchen-that'IsaIIow- to a better advantage regulate t Ing no creVIces or cracks in who hd' ••• IC Irt temperature. h ,,'in' or ImpurIties may lodge. ' There should be screen at t e ti~ Painted walls may be 'd dows and should extend the xt to h " con I ered e\, ne t e tilIng in cleanline s f 't length of the window. The scree~o; can be h d ' or I was e , and a washable wall . should not be nailed to the ,,;n a what we need in our kitchen bee IS to use frame but should be .fasten: ut on of the smoke from the range and t frame of its own and th~s fra~ ~ r< from cooking sett!' seam thus soiling them. mg on the walls, in such a manner that It may ment moved if desired. This .arra~~ ,,-ip The color of paint may be d the same ad ta use to makes the work of keeplOg drudge~Y. ing. van ge as the colored til. dowg clean less of a rec.arJ In planning the kltc. hen wlth THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUIC'AL 61 to the balance of the house it should without the use of a poker; nineth. be so arranged that we could pass from that the water-frout is so arranged the kitchen to the dining room, pantry that an abundance of hot water may and hall leading to other parts of the be assured. house without having to pass through If we think that polish is necessary other rooms. to a clean stove this should be done as The kitchen is a place where a wom the fire is started or let the stove cool an spents mo t of her morning and off and then add paste and polish after where most of her tiring work is done, drying. :Yany toves are clean and therefore this room should not be so polish is never used on them. How large as to make the work of cleaning ever in such a case the stove should be it a burden, or so small that it cannot treated as akitchen utensil and thor be well ventilated and lighted. The oughly washed after using. kitchen furniture should be placed in The table should be strong and well such a manner that the work of cook made. Awhite table is very attrac ing, dishwa hing etc., may be done tive. but it means a great deal of care. within an area of 100 square feet. If the table is covered with white The amount of kitchen furniture enameled cloth, it will always look well varies according to the income of the and is easy to keep clean with little la family. bor provided hot dishes are not placed Some of the necessary articles are a upon it. No matter what kind of tables range, strong table, hooks for hang are in used, there should be several ing utensils upon and a cupboard. smooth hard wood boards to receive Some of the article that makea kitch the hot sauce pans. en more convenient are a kitchen cabi These boards are not much trouble net, ink, clock, a few strong chairs, to clean and thus we keep our table a slate and pencil for writing down from becoming marred. However, in daily orders. a house where much cooking has to be Taking up the discussion of the done a table covered with zinc is most kitchen furniture in order above given useful. The greatest objection to this we will first discuss the qualifications is that it i acted upon by acids. of a ltOOd. range. Theyare: First, the If our home should be so arranged draft should be perfect; second, the that we may have a sink, all plumbing checks and dampers should be so ar should be visible and no closets under ranged that the heat may be increased the sink. The pipes should be painted or decreased at will; third, that there for then they are more easily cleaned should be ample oven room; fourth, and can be made to harmonize with the that it is possible to make the oven as color in the room. hot at the botton as on the top; fifth There are several kinds of material that there should be a good arrange used to make sinks, but the one best ment for broiling; sixth, that the fire adapted to home use is the enameled box should be large enough to take in sink. As with all enameled ware there ~fficient coal for the work to be done is danger of breaking the enamel: but ;Ithout being filled to the top; seventh, with a little care this may be aVOIded. t~at alarge part of the top surface of The enamel is easily cleaned and our b ~ range m~y ?e made hot enough for sink should be cared for as our dishes olhng of hqUlds; eighth, that the would be. ~te shall be of a kind that will ad The sink itself is not so difficult to nut of the bottom fire being cleaned deal with as the drain. Any grease 62 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL that may be in the dishwater or other enamel, etc., are made of iron, more material poured through the sink. de or less hea\'Y, coated with preparation posit this along the pipe. Thus it is which is allowed to dry and is then neces~ary to pour through these pipes fused at a high temperature. These at least once a week a strong alkaline articles differ greatly in quality, as in solution, thus converting the grease the case also with the tin-ware. into a soap. If the pipes then be flush In purchasing any kind of enameled ed with hot water the pipes become ware, each piece should be examined cleaned to the extent that they will carefully to see that the enamel is not be stopped up. perfectly smooth. If it is cracked or Besides the furniture in our kitchen chipped in the least, reject it. The we have certain cooking utensils and slightest bend causes enamel to crack. these are made of different materials, This kind of ware is light and easy to varying according to their uses. Some keep clean. of the advantages and disadvantages Porcelain-lined kettles are very nice of these materials may be mentioned. because not acted upon by akalies, but Copper, brass and iron were what are heal'}' and will crack with hg the utensils were formerly made dry heat. from. We often see iron tea kettles Certain of our cooking utensils are and pots. These.have the advantage much better made of wood. Some of of never wearing out, and food can be these are wooden spoon, wooden cooked at a very high temperature and chopping bowl, rolling pins and bread not to be injured. It is however,heavv- boards. Otherwise wood should be and hard to clean. u ed sparingly, as it absorbs odors Iron comes to us nowdays in the and fats. form of cast iron, sheet iron and steel. Aluminum is light, durable, easily After iron, tin was introduced. Near kept clean and not acted upon by acids. ~Y all ~in utensils are made by press It is a little expen ive at first, but not mg thm sheets of sheet iron into the in the end. Thus aluminum should r.eq~ire? shapes, and then dipped into hold a high place among the materials lIqUId tm. Cheap tinware is made of from which our kitchen utensils are a poor, light quality of sheet iron and made. The one great objection to it has merely a thin plating of tin ;hich is that it is acted upon by alkalies. soon wears off, making the utensils Having discussed the kitchen we u eless. If tin is cleaned with agritty find many points to be watehfuJ of so sUbsta~ce like sand, or scraped with a a to make it couvenient and the kit· ~harp mstrument, the thin layer of tin chen should be one of the first parts ~s apt to be cut through to the sheet of the house to furnish, for what Iron, and the result is fine lines of ru t family does not spend considerable o.n the article. The better grade of time here? If kept tidy and clean, tm has been dipped many times and it is very inviting. wears much longer than the form Int~nse d~ apPl~d Tht TOOm' Immortality. heat should not be , . hf I teacher There IS no death to the faIt U al irit to tm, as It melts at a very low tem who ha paio..ed ~llmetbinl(of per:,on ~P at ~erature .. It is best to have moisture to the children in the school-., The g:e read~ tor m conn~tlOn with tin when heated. est immortality is that which 15 or any ~acrifice. aonihiJatio.n if need bed~~ In Gramte was the next used. Ename-I eeT to do ~ood. 'uch a llfe Oefer en -Pre:- ed wares, such as granite ware bl geometric ratio it forever iDcre~e~.- , ue lOn IV, 'earch. fA TUAL TRAINI GAD CARPENTRY AN IKDIAN COTTAGE AND ESTIMATES. Sketches, plans, fie., by Chiloero Sfua.m. FRO:>"T VIEW OF COTTAGE. ~ take pleasure in pre enting in this about dO.OO, makin~ a lOa'ring of about n~mber of the JOLRXAL plan, ,-jO.OO by usin~ a \fOod foundation in With .. e t f an llemlzed e,timate of the stead of stone. everal dollars may be snitahlOr a pI'amfonr-room frame cottage saved in the carpenter bill by helping e for an fndian home. frame the buildin!!, putting on roof. sheath If erected h . "ant f f \I' ere stone IS unobtainable. or in!!. shingling. iayin~ floor. etc. The rna fnnndOt' und, prevent it> u,e. a cbeaper -on', bill may be reduced by lathin/[ the a lOll rna be ,ittin~ building and tending mason while pla,ter hard-lVnod • Y made bv-, large nf • ' •. pO,I,. four feet apart. on pieces inl( and laIing chimney• • X", Ineb I k them bel p an for footing,-placing SPECIFICATIOSS. re"e ow fro,t line and firmlv bedded to P • nt sett' - FmOldlllit/ll.-uCa\'ate for foundation fonndat' lng. The dimen,ions of po,t walls as indicated by the plans. including the bUil~~n should be 4 inches smaller than center wall. on found ~g. After pO,ts are set. put sills Build walls ac~ordiDg to the p,lans. in board. t a lon, level and ,quare. Xail lz6 perfect line, plumb. and \I'elI bonded. All 0 line and pOsts around foundation at/[round stone to be laid in best manner. in lime and ing pi at bottom of sill. Cover with fioor- sand mortar. Outside of \Vall to be pOInted . aced vert' I Inehe b I lea, the lower end two with cement mortar. to fit elo:e~w ground line and the upper end Chi"""y.-BuiJd chimney of hard well stli. Plae y to and even wllh outside of burned brick with neatly struck joints. and low sili e lower ed/[e ofsiding one inch be- properly bonded. Plaster inside from bot nearly l COvering.th e j010t" and making it tom to top. Provide neces'ary thimbles. atr Ii h g t. The material would co,t Jjt/hiny «lid P ,.,fuilly.-Furnioh and lath THE INDL>\.N SCHOOL JOURNAL 64 BedRoom. >:. I , t "- I • ~ 'I "- .~;::W'i3=~~:::J ~ ~ ~ I -I --/3-,/--- ,'- t: -1-'- -" "PHdl'f~ 1 .. :.. I ;:! ~ I t;, x- ..<\ ... Bed ~Rorn. ~ I " 'I -)I. , "... _\ ... "I ...... :. '" Ltl4~lf" .-x.'" Porch . - ., -~. Flo 0 r t::==:=J'P'0. n. . .,t incbe- 00 all finished parb of building ..-bere plas ter,. Rafter, ~ x 4 IOche, ,~t - Co«r ' f ·l X ~ IOche-. tered, with clear. 'ound and dry number 1 center:,,: hIP ra teT.., -' - . fendll~ . h be" 1 x 6 lOche, white pine lath. To be well nailed and roo f WIt Dum r _. ., 11 broken. joints broken every ,nenth lath. All laid:! inche~ apart and JOlDt~ we .l in(he::-. latbing to be continued down to ftoor. All Shingle to be clear red cedar 6 to - corners to be solid. laid 41 inches to the ..-eather. _ 'he ,ide, ' . }'- ,_., ,'d- 'y'Co,er , 'd Plfl.4frilly.-Furni,b and plastertbe entire E.dUll., l/IIOYI I I ,- . drop .. l· building .-itb two coats agatite and ,and of buildin~ witb clear yello.· r~n~ree frOIll mortar and one coat bard finbb. All work ing tborougbly se..,oned an must be made to all grounds true, efen pitcb. by detail . II . as ,hown - e straigbt, and left perfect after carpenter's ('tlfllH'I-A cormce... " eUo"lf plO work is done. drawin"s of "ood dry number I Y b 'fo be o 0 pIle. OU1" "t,,', WI/rk.-AII work to be tbor box board, free from knot, or _ neatly ouldlngs oughly spiked and nailed. All nail> in ex straight and true, and m posed work to be set. membered. dra'lfitl~· Sills and ftoor joi,t 2 x S inches: ceiling Porelt-Build porch ati !Shown. on,) x 6incb- ~f joist 2x 6 incb.., outside walls and parti silb and plate' 4 x 6 IOC- he'_. jo"t - rcb. r~ - Cover po tions 2 x 4 incbe" all set 16•incbes on cen eSt 16 inches on centerb. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 65 Detail of Window Frame-Cu t 2. ~DetuiL of COL- nice,-scalett=t. Dgto.il of J',ll,-,Je(det[~. llith dre"'.d bo . Door Ftfll jf.':.-All door frames to hCLfe 1; of heary b" ar<6lald c1o,e and one layer inch jam 'and j inch casing. YeUo p' ullding paper.. fl oor clear 4 mcbes. - w lne floor' .. Wnmows A"P DOORS. All windows to be and tead d . mg, cel!mg ! x 4 matched white pine, I! check rail sa;h. for nil finish. ~J, o steps 11 ell , pine. hHurned column•. Frnnt ...indolr and door in parlor glazed Irith FIoo", Res c ear yello\< pine. A A double ,trengthgla;s. Doors to be num rertic~I'- ltchen noor to be 1 x 4 clear ber 1 white pine for oil finish. Front door 1 •UOOr to bgram yellow pme.. All otber room f e star urade . II' . light and three cross panels. all other doors .tames to be '" j e Ow pllle. WIndow 4 panel. }atnb:" casi made as shown 00 drawious i 21~~h,u.bl'lms. llller"". Pini....ll.-Plain casings and be\"el ,tops and aprons. cap,. blind- top b..,e: kitchen Irain,coted 3 feet high SI ~. THE JNDL~'1 SCHOOL JOURNAL 66 Ipiece~x6-:))bipnfters..- :!O with i x.t ceiling. All interior fini5h to be 6 piecb 2 x 6-H ceUin~ jobL 84 .. I x6-16roof(;;heatbing 6-10 clear yellow pine. hand ,moothed for oil 10 ., 1 X 1~-16porchrf... _160 fioish 3857 ft ill :?'1 50__~ is Prmlry.-To have four shell'es 12 inches ~ roll heaVfhuild paper for porch roof • ,_ .. _ ..' $ i;) wide. 1150 fL 1 X6 inch dro~ "iding at :lk:.. -.- 3! ~ I'Ir,'et.-Ceilin~ in closet tn be 6 ft.. ~ inch- ~.... ft 1 :1:4 inch clear'\". g. flooring at.we 3:! ;l,iO flo 1 x" star ftooring at :Jk:.. 16 e5 high. Chimney to re~t on ceiling joist in 1:.0 ft I J: .. clear •• ., 3,;c.. 5 :5 J'"2 ft· x 4-1: waio' Work on porch and \;teps 10 9'lfiodow frame~compJele in bnildlng at should say every thing needed, in bousehold !~ -- ~~ linens, etc. j dOO~ .!.rame~ complete in bDildin~ at _.a 19 ~ In the fancy work class we do embroidery. l~lineal fL ba.....e at:; Yiii t.. -. ." wain"COUDI/: at _ 3 The girls have made some nice pieces in eye Sbel.\*fS to paDlry ~ .139 :n letembroidery tb"- montb. Point, battenberg If 1J1odo..-... are bong il\ld 6 >5 EsTJJU.TI or P"L'\TDi,,,-ExTEH.WR. and other laces come under thi class, knit ~ ~ .... hite lead and oil at I ~ • 6.;0 ting and crocbet also. The beginning class in ;.ants. labor at:lJc per hODr I~ (IJ el 50 IstllUOR. fancy work bave made work-bag for tbeir ~ ph. filler and Hard 011 at I ~ 600 34 bN. labor at ~ 10:Yl ~16 '!IJ own use and for otbers. They are made of ToLaI !e substantial material and decorated witb some RECAPITrUTWS. imple stitches learned. It is well to teach 1fason 11rOrk 173 90 Lomberwork ="lal girls this light needlework; tbey like it, and :Yill work :)IJ can make many articles for their rooms and Tin work 12 -kl Hardware Ii j~ homes. M. 1. D. Carpenter 139 :!I Painting :r. iO • 9:! HOLSTEIN MII.K ruT RfWRDS. CHILOCCO DOIIfSTIC ART. The following from M. H. Gardner, uper The classes in sewing arein different grades; intendent Advanced Registry Holstein-Frie the small girl beginners are learning the dif sian Association of America, Delavan, Wis., ferent stitcbes used in needlework, making gives the records made by PI cows of his models, applying stitcbes learned. They also breed from November 3 to December 6, 1905. make miniature garments. He says: Th.. next class has taken up plain garment "Twenty·one full aged cows averaged: age, makmg, drafting patterns by simple tape and 7 years, 2 months, 16 days; days from calv rule method. The 'advanced class are learn ing, 23; milk. 417.7lbs.; per cent. of fat 3.46; mg tailor system of cutting' they have made fat, 14.347lbs. Ten four-year-olds averaged, shirt··d' waist SUits, plain dresses,' and are now 4 years, 6 months, 4 days; days from omg better dre making, jacket suits, etc. calving, 18; milk, 386.6 lbs.; per cent. fat, The foundation of all the dress making is 3.42; fat. 13.233 Ibs. Twenty-three three to know how to take the required measures year-olds, averaged: age 3 years, 4 months, :rrectly, and great care should be observed odays; days from calving, 26; milk, 351.3 m this; then patterns may be drafted. To Ibs.; per cent. fat, 3.36; fat, 11.820 lbs. make a shirtwaist suit, first t!lke tbe required Twenty-two beifers classed as two-year-olds easures for waist and sikrt. The next im averaged: age, 2 years 4 months, 25 da)'s; :r;ant point is to follow the instruction for days from calving. 32; milk, 289.u Ibs; per ther~ng patterns; if this i., done carefully cent. fat, 3.28; fat, 9.47'llbs. The f WIll be no trouble in fitting the dress. "In tbe regular list, the record of Copia patteoundabon for all sbirtwaists is a plain Hengerveld, 3rd is notable, she producing ness .ro, after tbls IS made if plaits or full 14.&12 lbs. of fat from 391.6 lbs. of milk at pin in'S desired, measure the amount required, tbe calving age of 2 y. 5 m. 9 d. On the basis stated above. this would be equivalent cuttin p~e, then cut by plain pattern. In to 17 Ibs. 1.6 ozs. of extra fine butter, and is ladg careful that eacb piece of pattern ~ on correct line of goods. Mark line for nearly 49 gallons of milk. Such a record from a two-year-old beifer with first calf needs no Uues ~ baste c~refully according to these titeh s e waist IS now ready to be fitted. further comment. "Aside from the fine record of this two-year in SO earns near "nes of basting finisb all meneatm h··'· old, there is nothing remarkable in tbe list; texture of anner; t IS varies accordmg to tbey are just good Holstein-Friesian cows, should be used. The pattern for skirt d;.OOis and it may be profitable to look at them as a the SO fted, and when the skirt is cut berd: In age it is about like any large berd; ted ca:~s l~hoUld be basted and the skirt fit Y tbere being 21 cows, 10 four·year·olds, 23 tions a uh at the waist. If these sugges- re 0 served h' .. three-year olds, 22 two.year-olds. This herd make. The ' a s Irtwalst IS not hard to of 76 animals produced in one week 919. 7lbs. est in dr ff advanced girls take great inter fat from 27,077.1Ibs. milk; showing an aver terns. a Ing and making their own pat- age for the whole herd of 3.4 per cent fat. . The domesf Each animal averaged 511bs. of milk and the In. dress., a Ie art does not only include mak· e~uivalent nd other garments, but many-. of over twO pounds of extra cream- 68 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ery butter per day; the test being made duro "Call money" rates are regarded as a ba ing the fifth week from calving. rometer of the condition of the stock ,nd "In the 'S-months' list the record of Ethel bond markets. At all times the banks have Pride, 9.14.5 Ibs. fat, is worthy of mention, it in their power to "apply the brakes" when being less than two pounds of fat short of her securities appear to be advancing too fast hy prior record; while Orrice DeKol Bonbeur's simply raising the "call money" rate to apoint record, 8800 Ibs. fat, shows finely in the two where holders of securities must sell out and year-old class." cancel the loans. "It must not be overlooked that the e rec· Millions of dollars are loaned daily "on call" oms are made under the careful supervision n ,'ell' York. Yet it is said that not over of state agricultural colleges and experimen· one-third of the securities bought and sold in tal stations, aud their accuracy is vouched the New York market are carried on "call for by them, and the Holstein Freisian As· loans." Avast amount of money for speenla sociation. II tive purposes is borrowed on Htime" -say for 30, 60 or 90 days. Time rates are cheaper, MEAliIIIG Of "CAll MOm." as a rule, than call loans, but not always so. On "time" 10arlS the banks require the very Comparatively few persons outside of best collateral, as well as the signatures of those engaged in stock speculations know other persons than the borrower. what "call loans" are. Of course, their at· "Call money" in Wall street around the filSt tention is drawn to the matter occasionally by of the year went up as high as 125 per eon. the reports of high "call money" rates in New At this rate a loan of 100,000 for ayearwouJd York, but generally the subject is dismi ed cost the borrower $125,000. This shows with the thought that some kind of a game is how easy it is for the multimillionaires who being worked in Wall street. own the banks to control tbe stock market "Call loans" are made chiefly to persons W. R. H. bu}ing or selling stocks and bonds in the New York market. Not only the banks of New GEOLOGY AND WATER Of OKLAIIO/IA. York, but those of Kansas City and other large cities engage in the business when The geology and water resources of Ok~ their reserves justify it. The word "call" is homa form the subject of a report by C. ~. used because the loans are made subject to Gould that has just been issued by the payment the next day after i ue, according United States Geological urvey as Water' to the option of either lender or borrower. Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 148. 'fh: The mterest rate is per annum, not per diem. principal geologic formation is a wide-sprea These loans are generally paid off or renewed deposit of red clay, shale, and ~too:; from day to day, except when rate of inter. known as, "red beds. " The flood platOS ~st are holding very steady. For instance bottom land of the rivers of Oklahoma &It If I should borrow 100,000 today at 10 pe~ made up largely of alluvium derived from:: cent and tomorrow the banks were offerin uplands by tbe disintegration of red ~ f money at 6, I should certainly desire a renew~ · USSlon 0 Territory sands and clays. The dISC • 0' al at the lower figure if I still needed the ·. non ' the geology as followed by a dIScnP loan. On the other hand, if the rate should t the water resources, whicb are dependen : raISe to 12 per cent, the bank would want me ct to pay up or renew at 12. on geologic conditions. A general chara ell; ~ter The collateral usually deposited . ization of the streams, springsanddeep for "calli ". as securIty is followed by a detailed account of the ~e5oi oan IS stocks and bonds ofthe bet. conditions by countries. Selected anal!' giv ter class. These securities are accepted at about 20 per cent under their market v I the streams, spring and wen waters ;':ateJS RaIlroad securities are "';ven th f a ue. en in order to how the qualIty of th l!lJIlo Th b k . C' e pre erence and their adaptability for domestiC or '.i,; . e an s prescrIbe that collateral sball not Iso ",n~ mclude over 331 per cent of . d . facturing purposes. The paper a 11 in eJIb d bo ds' ID ustrial stocks descriptive notes and data of 10 we ~ an n.. It 's not uncommon for a trader .-e of the 26 counties of Oklahoma. ~ ~.-e·' ~::l:~:~~::~:;~:.m::t ~n.ds, which will records are representative of over 0, ,,,,,to ities, which would otherwi: ;::;~:~ ~ecur. concerning which information has ~I cJI' The banks seldom lose money in these own. ed. In the selection of the data s":hich are achons, and the profits are at t,'m trans was taken to include only thOS~ which reI'" es very great. most typical for each localIty an THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 69 resent ordinary conditions. It i' believed bosses got out and bluffed many of it sup that these records show the typical under porters into staying away from the polls by ground water conditions in the Territory, al every kind of threat, and God only knows though in some cases thereare local conditions what they might have done. Is this the which may differ more or less widely from great and good government that freed Cub those indicated. ans and Filipinos from the tyranny of pain? The data regarding wells contain the follow urely not. " ing items: Diameter and depth of well, depth to prin ON INDIAN MUSIC. cipal water supply, distance from mouth of well to water, the manner in which the The Musical Journal of the city of Chicago water is ohtained at the surface, the quality takes Indian Commissioner Leupp to task for of the water, the yield of the well, and the asserting that Indian music i worth preserv effect of pumping on the level of water. ing from an artistic standpoint Commission· This report may be ohtained free of charge er Leupp got his tenns slightly mixed. The on application to the Director of the United value of Indian music i ethnological, not ar States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. tistic. The songs and musical conceptions of the aboriginal American possesses precisely tbe same interest to the student of his species THE CHIROms' SIDE Of STATBIOOD as does the crude art work of the cliff dwell ers. That and nothing more. The Cherokee Advocate, the official paper The whole history of human progress from ofthe Cherokee Nation, prints the following primitive iJ(llorance to its present position lies editorial which presents the Cherokee Indi between the savage monchordic war chant of ans' side of the Statehood Problem: the American Indian and the glorious pro "Well, the Indians are not taking stock in ductions of a Mendelssohn and a Beethoven. th~ matter any way. They had been promised This same difference is found in aU of the ill ependent statehood whenever they felt artistic efforts of crude and cultivated people. that they were ready for it and although they The imagination can scarcely bridge the gulf shOWed hya vo teo f65,000 - that they were between the wigwam and the palace of ready and wanted it, they have been practical Versaill",; yet that gulf is not broader than ly dem'ed'It Why? On account of politics the cha.-m between the Modoc war song and nothing mo tho ' the Sonata Appassionata. . . re or no mg less. They have Even in races which have more mUSical ca gIVen the United States less trouble and pacity than the Indian, the comparison still have done more to uphold the stars and stnpes. holds good. The negro, the Kanacka and perhaps, than any other tribe of Indians in some of the South ea Islanders have com posed many beautiful melodies; but in all :e world. They as i ted Jackson at the cases the beauty is superfi~ial, composed of Tbttle of Horse-shoe against the Creeks. primordial musical charactenstlcs. th ey rendered as istance in the war of 1 12 Music is the profoundest msrrument for the . ey furnished several regiments to the Un: expre ion of those general Ideas which ap Ion cause . h peal strongly through the emotional nature; f1lrni h m t e war of the rebellion, they hence that race whose existence on earth has s ed a part of the Rough Riders in the been the richest and the fullest, can wnte S boIlanlsh-Amencan. war. It was a Cherokee the music for civilized humanity.-Muskogee Y'ATom lsahel, who fired the first shot on Phoenix. the meriean 'd . and . 51 e 10 the Santiago campaign, NOT ASIlAJIfD Of IT. hav:~ntinued firing until shot down. They in the ~Ished some of the best young hlood Tulalip, Washington, Feb. 28, 1906. et. hillppme war al o. Now what do we INDIA.~ SCHOOL JOURNAL, Chilocco, Okla. g In retur , Ab' ' ges, ab"ol n.. rogatIOn of our treaty pled- Herewith please find U. S. postal money order.'0. 18918, payable to the order of the greas ·ute dlsrCj(ard for the laws of con- Wlchph lIS'ed INDlA.~ SCHOOL JOURNAL. for whIch please the Indi rOIl. a state government for send one year beginning With the March num And al an Terntory when they desired it ber, 1906, THE INDIAN School J OUIL~.AL to the ~ol: total. disregard for the wishes of William Shelton, TulaJip, Wash., Tulalip Ind- expens: of thIS territory who, at their own ian Agency. be pronoun ~nd bme, drafted a constitution, The Tulalip article in the Fehruary numh f' pleased us aU very much, as does. the :a °a~ Iliany S~te by many as superior to that of magazine every month. You puhlIsh a g which t' and adopted it by a 65,000 vote, zine that I am not ashamed to send to my no;o~h 'ends Yours truly, had d have been double that amount fn. PERRY L. SARGENT, Clerk. e Oklahoma boomers and party 70 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ment of the stallion. the care of brood mares Revie'IL' of the 'Books 'Recei'L'ed and of the foals. All the breed are described as to their general characters and adaption to FARM BUILDINGS is a collection of plans of pecial kinds uf work. The illustrations are horse harns, dairy barns, cattle barns, sheep typical and charateristic of the breedingrepre folds. swine pens, poultry houses, silos, ice sented_ It makes a complete study of the houses. and general farm buildings from dentition of the horse, and shows how to teU drawings of builriings actually built, togetber the age of a horse. Avaluable addition to lhe with a discussion of the best location and book is the chapter by Dr. James Law o( general arrangement of thp farm buildings. Cornell University, on the Diseases of the It is in the main a compilation of the best Generative Organs. taken from a recent go. plans submitted to the Breeder's Gazette by ernment puhlicahon on the Diseases of Hors the farmers and stockmen of tbe United es. especially that portion devoteO to difficult States in recent years. It is not a book of parturition_ In its new form the book is more proposed pllns for farm building, but for the complete than in previous editions and is a most part is a presentat!on of actual con valuable aid t All school children at Chilocco will have gardens this year. The boy's from fifth grade The ews at Chi/occo up Wlll have small fields instead. Mrs. Ada Brady of Tulsa I. T., spent a few RUORTfD BY STUDENTS. days with us this month. She is correspondent for The Statehood Magazine of that city. \\atch the green coming. The gardeners are busy people. Durinj( the month of February Mr. Dodge, the manager of the baseba!! team got up a A nice Easter program is being prepared. basket supper to raise money for uniforms. The farm boys got their oats in quite early. The seventh and eighth grades have been Lucy Collins has 'returned to Chilocco to doing some practicallamruage work, an.swer attend schcol. ing advertisements of seed and poultry firms. Mr. Crain's mother \'isited him a few days early in March. The domestic science class prepares a supper once a week without assistance, as a sort of Anew hot water heater has been placed review of the week', work and to demonsrtate in the boiler room. their ability. Russell Warricr has been promoted to cap The ice plant is progressing rapidly. An tain of C. company. expert from the factory is here installing it Prairie fires have been quite common lately. and we have hopes that we shall be able to They show up finely at night. keep cool next summer. It turned winter again ~Iarch 10th and made The Sequoyah Literary Club gave an ex Us hunt for (ur winter wraps. cellent program to dedicate the opemng of Jacoh Doran. formerly our haker. is now their fine new hall. A general good lime ID localed at the Pawhuska school. the gymnasinm followed. . Agood many department teams of basket Ten high-grade Durham cows and a SIre ball players have been organized. have been sold by uperintendent McCowan toAgentCarroll, .\lescalareo, New Alex. Tbey We are haying opening exercises for the opper gra~es in the S. L. C. room. will be shipped this month. Word has been received by THE JOuRNAL Mr. Lipps has been kept busy conducting of the death of Julia YelJowhair, who recently special examinations for some time. left Cbilocco for her bome on the Rosebud Bertha Manatowa and ~Iarv Velter are reservali'on I""" D he died March 6tb. having their eyes treated in Wichita. Mr. and ~Irs. c.,n.ser spent two weeks at Mr. Bell's detail has been doing some good Chiloccorecently. We were very glad, mdeed, work on [he drivewav acrOl'S the lake. to meet Mrs. COn....r, and to renew our ac . The new poultry b~i1din ... is completed and quaintance with oor esteemed superVlson. . IS a finely arranged one for the purpose. u_ Potier wbo recently resigned his pOSI Jli., d thIs We have had some nice class-room experi tion as dairyman at Chilocco an . wen on ments in [he testinl( of vitalitv of seeds. · n the Uintah reservatIOn In Utah, cIaIm 0 . I d likes Basehall is the greatreereation now. K. D. writes that he is getting along mce y an wlil open up the sea n here on the 22d. his new home. f We received a fine bunch of Moqui children We had an impromptu fire drill one ~~y :e~i rum Kearn's Canyon reeently-ten in all. tI A piece of timber from a tres e Mr . Hauschildt received two new wheat ~~n y;he whistle and in almost no time all th: dri'11s ~ from the St. Louis warehouse recently. boys and g1r. Is from the school bUlldmg an hls'llIle the water in the Lagoon is low, work departments were in line. . .sd be.n commenced on squaring it up and Mr Risser arrived from the PhiJjpp,:,estha WI enlllg it. . . t Chllocco m e few days ago and IS now a is Janning A~i1occo's girls defeated the girls from the midst of the agricnlturahsts. He p th Sir ansas City High School March 9th, in a some fine work in experimental plan\grow , ';.game of basketball. school gardens, experimental plots, e c. Chilocco girl, writes Supt. eg ry Rhodes and Martha Arnold were del Adabelle Foster, a. . II and nearing tio~tes to the Oklahoma Y. W. C. A. conven McCowan that she IS domg we New Or- held in Oklahoma City. her graduation at Tours Infirmary, 72 TIlE INDIA;" SCHOOL JOURNAL • leans, La. Sbe served bere in our scbool bospital three years and is fitting berself AWONDER WORKER with tbe attainments {If a first-elass nurse. Tbe girls from Stillawter defeated the Cbilocco girls at basket !>all in ourgymnasium Marvelous Discovery For the Cure of by a score of 27·20. It was a good game. all Forms of Constipation-Not a There were too many tall girls in tbe opposing Habit but a Cure- You Decrease team for our girls to maketbeirusualbrilliant plays. As it was, bowever, tbey put up a the Dose Until Cured. fine game. Leon Poitra, formerly of Genoa and later After many years of study and practice a graduate of Cbilocco, is married. Tbe Forest physician specialist has discovered the cure City Press bas the following account of bis for constipation_ It is called Chase's Consti wedding. "The groom bas been the instructor pation Tablets. in sboe and barness making at tbe Cheyenne "I do not mean, " said the physician to 50. River Boarding Scbool, also musician, for the eral of his colleagues announcing his success, past two years, and is well known for bis "I do not mean just another pill that breed; sterling qualities and exemplary habits. Tbe the pill babit. My remedy i a cure. By bride is conn.cted v.;th one of the oldest gently forcing all the OIXans to perform their families on tbe reservation, has attended a functions it restores them all to bealth and number of schools, and recently bas been strength. " holding a salaried position at the Cbeyenne River Boarding School." "THE MORE, THE LESS." The bamrock Trio gave us an everung of "The more you take the less you need no genuine enjoyment on March 12th. They bave you need none-for you are cured. My ~tIorJ a varied program of readings, songs, and se all along was to avoid the evil of the ordinary lections for the harp. Miss McElroy, the remedy which pampers organs already weak harpist, is certainly a wonder, a she is very and so makes tbe patient a slave to tbe pIlL young and at tbe same time an accomplished Remember-. -ature expects every organ woo musician. Miss Gibson, tbe contralto. won its duty." tbe bearts of the audience completly. Miss Physicians have long recognized the act tbat Esther Lewis is one of the best readers we constipation is at tbe bottom of nearly every have heard. The general verdict seemed to disease. It saps all energy and mak~ li~ be, "tbe ~t number we have had." We burden' it opens tbe doors to all enl g , . t them. recommend the Shamrock Trio t.> any school and makes the body too weak to reslS desmng a blgb class entertainment. "THE VELVET WOPJ(EIL" Where the Print shop used to be under Sequoyah'~ Thi, new discovery is in small tablets. eo;: Hawortb Hall, is now the head. wateb-s~: quarters and lecture room. Mr. Birch th Iy taken, and they are packed in socIety critic, and members of tbe Sequ~ya~ bottles which fit tbe vest pocket. The. taUT" gri~ Club have worked bard and earnestly for tbis is mild, all .egetable, never or.: the new a.cqUlsltion and they are proud of it. Tbe the most delicate organs. But .It : ,tiJn1l work! So naturally and soothingly tb y. the' room IS rucely fitted up with an organ desks tba~_el';t and one-armed, flemish oak lecture 'b-' late and regulate and strengthen Th ded' t' c aIrs. e lea Ion of tbe headquarters was held have been nicknamed "The IAtle February 16th. We give the program: Workers." bUrJ!eD: Spe OBSERVATION CAR-THE CALIFORXlA TRAIXS. Cheap Rate to CALIFOR IA Californians ram gold-they don't mine much now. An easier way has been found than that! It is now ohtained hy farming. The alchemy of nature converts the oranges, lemons, olives, grapes, wheat, alfalfa and other products of 'he soil Into good clothes, comfortahle residences, and assuring hank accounts. 'Tis being done every day in California. Wouldn't it pay you to inquire into this? Better yet, why not go there? From Arkansas City to almost all points in California and to many places in Arizona. Only $25.00 Liberal stop-over privileges. ~ ~ On sale daily, February 15 to April 7, 1906. Tourist sleepers daily on fast trains. Harvey meals. For particulars apply to any anta Fe Agent, or write to or See W. W. BURNE'IT, Santa Fe cAgent, cArkansas City, Kansas. Write for Illustrated Descriptive Books-Free. Menuoe tbe JOUS:U,L wbenever rOD. '1..Tite our advertisers. 74 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTI Th'G SECTION Low Rates to Cresent Hotel Eureka Spring, Arkan CALIFORNIA sas. Open for the ea and the son February 15th, 1906 rany repairs and improve NOR. THWEST ments have been made, the serv ice will be better than ever, and VIA THE the charges moderate. Here Spring is a thoroughly delightful season, with clear, blue skies and the crisp air of the mountains tempered by warm sunshine. If you wish to avoid the snow and slush at home this SDring, go to Daily, February 15th to April 7th. Eureka Springs. Booklets de scribing the hotel and resort sent 25.00 free. A. HILTON. Gen'l Pass. to California Points and relatively as Ag!. Frisco, St. Louis, M' ouri. low rates to points in the Northwest. A. H. FITCH, Apply to yoor nearest Agent or to Everything in Music and SeWiDS D. C. FARRINGTON. Trav. P.... Ag,Qt. OMoma City. OUa. Machines. F. E. CLARK. Div. P Ag NORTH,EAST AND WEST FINE SERVICE (&, LOW RATE t Line to 51. Paul and Minneapolis.-Trains leave Kansas City 11:35 a. m. and 9:40 p. m. t Line to Chicago.-The "Eli" leaves Kansas City 6:20 p. m. Best Line to 51. Louis.-Three fast trains from Kansas City: 10 a. m. -9:15 p. m. -11:45 p. m. t Line to Denver.-Leave Kansas City 9.50 a. m. and 9:40 p. m. «.Best Line to the Great Northwest. - Black Hills, South Dakota, Billings, Butte and Helena, Mont.; Spokane, Seattle and Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Oregon. - Leave Kansas City 9:30 a. m. and 6:05 p. m.-Through Tourist and Standard Sleepers and Chair Cars. C. B. OGLE, T. P. A., E. A. ABBOTT, S. W. P. A., 823 Main SL, Kansas City, c:Mo. Kansas City, :/110. THE POPULAR SHORT LINE BETWEE:-I ST. LoDS, ~'SAS CITy "XD POlX1'S Th' ARKAXSAS A..''D h'])~- TERRITORY AND AR KAXSAS CITY. ELEGA..';'TLY EQIiIPPED TRAIXS TO COLORADO A:-ID THE PACIFIC COAST. H. C. To""vT1.Sen.d, G. P. & T. A. ST. LoUIS, M1SS0{;llI. -~------I The J01U"nal Covers a Field all its Own The Only Woy to Reach Employes of the U. S. Government. MenUon the JOUlL'UL whenever yon write our advertisers. 76 THE INDL-\.'; SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION "IMMORTAL THOUGHTS Of !lANY IlIINDS" Just the Book You Were Looking For "HEART THROBS" CO~"RIBrTED BY 50,000 PEOPLE E of the most remarkable volumes ever published, containing the rare O "Heart Throb" selections chosen by thousands of readers of the Na tional ~ragazine. The book contain gems of human-heart inspiration from all the ages, prize selections upon which final award were made on behalf of judges by Senator William B. Allison and Admiral George Dewey. An encyclopedia of the enduring and in piring expressions on Life, Love, Home, Friendship, Duty, Patriotism, Character, etc. A book of over ~ p~ges, handsomely bound in cloth and gilt, illuminated cover-a rare and Ill' dls~nsable book for every home library. The names of the 840 people who received $10,000 in awards appear in this book as contributors, besides others who sent in selections. A Place For YOID' Own Treasured Clippings In addition to its other attracti ~ ... Lbi-. tJ; 11;: of 'Heart Tbrobs" will be arraoRed. M) tbat other fa'forite ..election.... may be added either on me blank pate... or putting in oil printed "lip. The award COntributions forming tbe neucletb of tbe m t remarkable boot e\"er complied. Hert you b~,.e the (a,'onte "'t'lection ... of tbe American nation to ltbkb 'fOO mal' add any lines of veN or prose .....hlClI you wish to preStITe for :rour"elf. -. Fill out tbe attached coupon ;lud ... ad it in at onre. loIR JOE CHAPPLE ~ATlt}XJ.L lUGAZB,"""K. B<.)~y\')i. llA.;,~. Ple....--e ...end me ODe l"olume of 'SE.\RT THROBS" bound in cloth and gill..-itb illuminated oonT. for which I agree to pay '1.'0 on receipt fbook. Xame. Street. ty (r Ton, ~ti.te. Menu DTaJ JoCBS!.J."i. bentl"er r 0 1rrite our advertbers THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 77 Get this Beautiful Colored PICTURE FREE fifty Thousand Every person who sends One Dollar to pay for a year's sub cription to the School Teachers CAN GET TWlCE-A-WEEK REPUBLIC, of St. Louis, Mo., and FARM PROGRES , will receive, AB OLUTELY FREE, fifty Thousand a beautiful colored picture, 24 by 32 inches in dimension, entitled "The Departure of the Bride from the Home Large flags ... f UTn... l,.j·iowrl;.....':.l.,'~...... '...-,.l;...._,.__ 41 M .. -- nm 2'1.1:'HiJl CALIFORNIA AND THE ORTH PACIFIC COAST VERY LOW RATES IN EFFECT DAILY, UNTIL APRIL 1, 1906 MANY ROUTES FROM WHICH TO MAKE YOUR CHOICE Full informahon on reque t GEO. H. LEE. G... p_ Agt. ]. S. M. ALLY. Di•. P.". Atl. Littl. Roel, Arl. Oillam.City. O. T...... AVAlO 1(UGS !8{A VAjOi AND BLANKETS !'BLANKETS· : ------•: 'il is sometime yel 'lilI Ihe Bo/idlJ : Season, but nol 100 wly to Mgm ~~; • tA large assortment on hand at all • about making a presenl-esptaaIlJ f I times. I buy direct from the Indians and • N. ... Blanke. am in a posihon to fill all orders. • presenl is to b< a a va/o • Ther, is nolhing more apr',...-alevr' nO!• Navajo Silverware a specialty. • more lasling 10 give as a oresenl t/laJl f Mail orders receive prompt and care • '"-J ney ""ear for'.'"I1J f ful attention. • beauliful Na'l>ajo. • and make a Mauliful addrlion to •1 : .I will send blanlets to responsible : room. 'Will stnd to any End,an Ager:, f ~ubject. partles to approval Correspon_ • Superinlendent or responSl11/e employ""lied f dence With Indian Service people solicited. ~ • consignmenl of choiet Blan1te/5, r.of : • 10 appro'l>al, 10 be retu,ned if fh., ~ "'J : : suit. G..!My prices are RIGHT an 'ct. : • goods Ihe best 10 be ha. at any prt : =.:....:.::....:....._----:: • M. HOLLOWAY : c. c. MANNING, u. S. INDIAN TRADER. ' : S IND""TR4DER, f Nanjo Illcliu. ~iOD. Ft. Ddi • Uti. A.-J•• ua Aruo.a • u.. Ft~' • NIO~jo 'frri:.m RzSUPJfton, • Mention the Jar... u ....,.u Whenever you write our adl"ertisers. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISlliG SECTION 79 SCENIC COLORADO By way of == rhe Colorado Midland == In going to California you certainly want to use the line that affords the grandest scenery, the best service and the quickest time. You get all this by using the Midland Route between Denver and Salt Lake City. U\10RELL LAW, T. P. A, C. H. SPEERS, G. P. A, 208 Shiedley Bldg., Denver, Colo. Kansas City, Mo. (roy [aunary macbin¢ry fo., LTD. OU~ LINE IS THE LA~GEST. BEST AD MOST COMPLETE. WRITE us FOR CATALOGUE AND LAUNDRY GUIDE. rrov £blcago ntW York san frandsco ~heap Rates to Denver THE Will sell daily until May 31st, Round Trip tickets to the above point at GREATLY REDUCED RATES. Tickets limited to May 31st, ex cept tickets sold during month of May, to be limited thirty days. For full information see Frisco Agent or address F. E. CLARK. D. P. A. D. C. fARlilllGTON. T. P. A. Wichita., Kansas Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Mention the JO'CR.'iAL whenever you write our advatben. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR. AL-ADVERTISING SECTION 80 ~ (pelt of 1Jnbtan ~ong5 lecture = l\ecital BY MISS FRANCES DENSMORE "GISHIGOIQ A" Outline: The Indian's Natural Sense of Harmony Primitive Rythms Indian Life Expressed in Music TRODUCTORY SONGS: Choral, Otoe Calumet Song, Raising the Calumet Pipes, The Prairie Wolf, Horse My tery Song, "The Ghost Dance," Tigua Dance of the Wheel, A Prayer. Native Musical Instrurnents- Tom-tom and Medicine Rattles ONGS OF THE WARPATH AND BATTLE: Endakootha, "Sister trotting follows me," Serenade, Rallying Cry, Captive ng, Scalp Dance. ONGS OF THE HAETHU KA SOCIETY: To the God of War and of the Storm, Ishebuzzi, Choral. Q.VIliss Densmore'firs's t recItal of Indian music was given more than ten Y.... ago. The present UCyc1e" opens with primitive songs accompanied by hand..clapping, t~~~ tom, rattles and sticks, and includes social ceremonial and war songs from etg~ different tribes. JII JII JII' JII JII JII J1 FOR TERMS and DATES: Address: Red Wing, Minnesota Mention the JOUL~A.L wbeDe,er yoa mte oar adrertisers. 5 CENTS 50 CENTS PER COpy PER YEAR MARCH, 1906 AN OLD MORAVI WOMAN. 1\ MONTlILY MAG.AzINE