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Annexes Cambodia: Second Road Asset Management Project

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Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report - Annexes Project Number: 41123-014 March 2017 Cambodia: Second Road Asset Management Project Annex J: Environmental Assessment Report Annex K: Social & Resettlement Assessment Report Prepared by SHELADIA Associates Inc. USA in association with TANCONS (Cambodia) Co., Ltd, Cambodia For the Ministry of Public Works and Transport and the Asian Development Bank This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. ADB TA 8784-CAM SECOND ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (RAMP-2) ADDITIONAL FEASIBILITY STUDY, FS-2 Funded by: Executing Agency: The Asian Development Bank Ministry of Public Works and Transport FINAL REPORT VOLUME 2 - ANNEXES March 2017 Final Report - March 2017 ADB TA 8784-CAM: Second Road Asset Management Project – Additional Feasibility Study (41123-014) SHELADIA Associates Inc. USA in association with TANCONS (Cambodia) Co., Ltd, Cambodia ADB TA 8784 – CAMBODIA SECOND ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (RAMP-2) ADDITIONAL FEASIBILITY STUDY, FS-2 FINAL REPORT VOLUME 2 - ANNEXES March 2017 SHELADIA (USA)/ TANCONS (Cambodia) ii Final Report - March 2017 ADB TA 8784-CAM: Second Road Asset Management Project – Additional Feasibility Study (41123-014) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AC Asphalt Concrete ADB Asian Development Bank AH Asian Highway ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASTM American Standard Testing Methods BOQ Bill of Quantities BS British Standard CBR California Bearing Ratio CDO Central Design Office DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DED Detailed Engineering Design EA Executing Agency EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return FS-1 and FS-2 Feasibility Studies 1 and 2 FHWA Federal Highway Administration [USA] GB Granular Base GSB Granular Sub-base IA Implementing Agency IEE Initial Environmental Examination LHS Left Hand Side LTP Lead Technical Professional MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport NR National Road NPV Net Present Value PCU Passenger Car Unit PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance QA Quality Assurance RHS Right Hand Side ROW Right of Way RNIP Road Network Improvement Program PBMC Performance-based Maintenance Contract pcu Passenger car Unit PRIP Provincial Road Improvement Program SBST Single Bituminous Surface Treatment SPS Safeguard Policy Statement (ADB, 2009) SAI SHELADIA Associates Inc. TOR Terms of Reference VDF Vehicle Damage Factor SHELADIA (USA)/ TANCONS (Cambodia) iv Annex J ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Initial Environmental Examination December 2016 DRAFT Second Road Asset Management Project TA-8784 CAM Rehabilitation of National Highways 1, 6, and 67 Prey Veng, Svay Vieng, Siem Reap, and Oddar Meanchey, Provinces Cambodia This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. 0 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (03 October 2016) Currency Unit – Riel R R1.00 = $0.00024 $1.00 = R4,075 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank Department of Agriculture, Forestry and DAFF - Fisheries DOE - Department of Environment DPWT - Department of Public Works and Transport DOT - Department of Tourism Department of Water Resources and DOWRAM - Meteorology EA - Executing Agency EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environment Management Plan EO - Environmental Officer GMS - Greater Mekong Subregion IEE - Initial Environment Examination IEIA - Initial Environmental Impact Assessment LARP - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan MOE - Ministry of Environment PAM - Project Administration Manual PIC - Project Implementation Consultant PMU - Project Management Unit-3 TA - Technical Assistance REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment RGC - Royal Government of Cambodia SEU - Social and Environmental Unit SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km - kilometer kg - kilogram ha - hectare In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Second Road Asset Management Project (RAMP-II) is rehabilitating national and provincial roads throughout Cambodia. Sections of National Roads (NR) 1, 6, and 67 that will be rehabilitated by RAMP-II are located in Figure 1. The rehabilitation and upgrading designs for the roads meet the requirements of the Environmental and Social Safeguard Policy (ESSP) of the MPWT as well as the safeguard policy (SPS 2009) of the ADB. The rehabilitation of the three national roads will become a loan to the Government for RAMP-II which will be implemented by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT). Project Summary The roads to be rehabilitated by RAMP-II in Cambodia at the feasibility design stage are summarized below1. Section Surface National Province Districts length (km) type Road Prey Veng, Kampong Trabek, Preah Sdach 1 100 asphalt Svay Rieng Svay Chrum 6 Siem Reap Puok, Kraluch 50 asphalt Siem Reap, Prasat Bakong, Banteay Srey, Varin 67 134 DBST Oddar Meanchey Anlong Veng Potential Impacts The RAMP-II is Category B for environment because the potential impacts are short-term and reversible. The notable feature of RAMP-II with respect to potential environmental impacts is the rehabilitation and improvements to the three roads will not widen the existing carriage ways or road shoulders. Thus, the impact footprints of NR-1, NR-6, and NR-67 already exist, and were laid down when the roads were last widened between 4 and 14 years ago. The potential environmental impacts of the rehabilitation of the three roads will be primarily from construction phase disturbances. Common impacts of the civil works along the three roads will consist of for example, reduced and/or blocked public access to areas, disrupted business and recreation, noise, dust caused by increased truck traffic and heavy equipment use, soil and surface water pollution caused by equipment operation and maintenance, public and worker accidents, increased traffic congestion & traffic accidents, land erosion and sedimentation of adjacent rice paddy and streams and rivers that are traversed by the roads. Localized drainage and flooding problems can arise. Solid waste and domestic pollution from temporary worker camps can occur, as well as potential communicable disease and local community problems caused by migrant workers. These short-term impacts and disturbances will occur at different levels of magnitude depending on the civil works activity and the road section site. These impacts were also identified by commune leaders and officials at the provincial DOEs. Conclusions 1 From PEC Project Report 7/15, and RAMP-II Inception Report 2 The IEE concludes that the description of the feasibility designs of RAMP-II for NR-1, NR-6, and NR-67 combined with available information on the affected environments is sufficient to identify the scope of potential environmental impacts of RAMP-II. Providing significant changes do not occur to the design of one or more of three road upgrades, and that new sensitive environmental or social receptor data are not discovered, RAMP-II will remain Category B for environment and will not require further detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA). The rehabilitation of sections of NR-67 that are inside the three Protected Areas requires particular care and attention to ensure all construction disturbances and potential impacts are absolutely minimized. The specific impact mitigation subplan of the Mitigation Plan of EMP which keeps all roadwork activity inside the Park to a minimum must be followed closely. The EMP developed for RAMP-II provides impact mitigation plans, environmental monitoring plans, and specify the institutional responsibilities and capacity needs for the environmental management of RAMP-II. The EMP will need to be reviewed and updated at the detailed design phase to ensure that EMP fully addresses the potential impacts of the final road rehabilitation designs. 3 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Project Summary 2 Potential Impacts 2 Conclusions 2 I. INTRODUCTION 7 A. Background to IEE 7 B. Assessment Context 8 C. Structure of report 8 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 8 A. Environmental Impact Assessment 8 B. Legal and Policy Framework for Environmental Protection 9 C. Agencies Responsible for Environmental Management and Assessment 10 D. Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (MPWT) 11 E. ADB Safeguard Policy 11 III. DESCRIPTION OF ROADS REHABILITATION 12 A. Application of RAMP-II to NR-1, NR-6, and NR-67 12 B. Road rehabilitation and upgrading 15 C. Follow-on road maintenance phase (48 months) 16 D. Emergency repair works 18 IV. DESCRIPTION OF AFFECTED ENVIRONMENTS 18 A. Physical Environment 18 B. Biological Resources 23 C. Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources 37 D. Features of Road Alignments 42 V. PLANNED PUBLIC CONSULTATION – OCTOBER 5-10/16 46 A. Identification of Stakeholders 46 B. Discussion Guide 46 C. Indicative locations of public consultations 47 VI. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS 52 A. Benefits of rehabilitation of national roads 52 B. Road Rehabilitation Impacts and Mitigations 52 C. Induced and Cumulative Impacts 56 D. Climate Change 56 VII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 57 VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 57 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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