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Samburu County 2015 Short Rains Food Security Assessment Report

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Samburu County 2015 Short Rains Food Security Assessment Report SAMBURU COUNTY 2015 SHORT RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT A Joint Report by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)1 and Samburu County Steering Group February, 2016 1 Lillian K Marita – Ministry of Health, Liya Mango – FEWSNET, Don Owino – USAID and Samburu Technical County Steering Group (CSG) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 County Background ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Current Factors Affecting Food Security ............................................................................. 3 2.0 COUNTY FOOD SECURITY SITUATION ...................................................................... 3 2.1 Current Food Security .......................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Food Security Trends ........................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Rainfall Performance ........................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Current Shocks and Hazards ................................................................................................ 4 3.0 IMPACT OF RAINFALL PERFOMANCE, SHOCKS AND HAZARDS ........................ 5 3.1 Crop Production ................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Livestock Production ........................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Water and Sanitation ............................................................................................................ 8 3.3 Markets and Trade ............................................................................................................... 9 3.4 Health and Nutrition .......................................................................................................... 10 3.5 Education ........................................................................................................................... 12 3.6 Coping Mechanisms........................................................................................................... 13 3.7 Ongoing Interventions by Sector ....................................................................................... 13 3.8 Sub-County Ranking .......................................................................................................... 16 4.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS ..................................................................................... 16 4.1 Prognosis Assumptions ...................................................................................................... 16 4.2 Food Security Outcomes for February-April 2016 ............................................................ 17 4.3 Food Security Outcomes for May-July 2016 ..................................................................... 17 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 17 5.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 17 5.2 Summary of Recommendations ......................................................................................... 17 6.0 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................... 19 Annex 1. Food Intervention Required .................................................................................... 19 Annex II. Non-food Interventions (by sector) ......................................................................... 19 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 County Background Samburu County borders Turkana County to the North-west, Marsabit County to the North-east, Isiolo County to the East, Laikipia County to the South and Baringo County to the South- Pastoral all 6.4% species LZ west. It covers an area of approximately 20,183 square kilometres with an estimated Agro Pastoral LZ population of 223,947 (KNBS, 2009). The 37% 56.6% county has three sub-counties: Samburu Formal Employment/ North, Samburu East and Samburu West and Casual Waged Labour LZ two main livelihood zones: pastoral all species and agro-pastoral. Formal employment, casual waged labour and business comprise the remainder (Figure 1). Figure 1: Proportion of population per livelihood In the pastoral livelihood zone, 50 percent of the population is fully nomadic while about 28 percent are semi-nomadic. The remaining population in this livelihood zone is either fully settled, out-migrant labour, occasionally nomadic or internally displaced. In the agro-pastoral livelihood zone, 60 percent of the population is fully settled while 30 percent are in-migrant labour. The assessment covered the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood zones. 1.2 Current Factors Affecting Food Security The factors affecting food insecurity include the poor and uneven temporal distribution of the short rains, the wildlife menace which destroyed10 percent of the crop in Samburu Central Sub- county, crop pests and diseases notably maize stalk borer and head smut, and a lack of reliable farm input stockists in the county. 2.0 COUNTY FOOD SECURITY SITUATION 2.1 Current Food Security Currently, the pastoral livelihood zone is classified in the Stressed phase (IPC2 Phase two) in most parts of the zone except the southern parts which are classified in the Minimal phase (IPC Phase one). The agro-pastoral livelihood zone is also classified in the Minimal phase. There were maize stocks of 70 percent of the long term average (LTA) in the agro-pastoral livelihood zone but no stocks in the pastoral livelihood zone. Although livestock body condition was generally good for all livestock species across the livelihood zones, milk production was minimal at 0.5 - 1.5 litres per household, especially in the pastoral livelihood zone. Milk prices had increased and were KES 60-75 compared with the price of KES 30 – 50 which was normal at this time of the year. Terms of Trade (ToT) in January 2016 were good across both livelihood zones and 12 percent above the LTA; households could purchase 46 kg of maize compared with the LTA of 41 kg of maize from the proceeds of the sale of a goat. Water consumption was normal at 10 – 20 litres per person per day across the livelihood zones. In December 2015, 26, 42 and 32 percent of households had poor, borderline and acceptable food consumption scores respectively (FSOM report)3. The nutritional status had remained within seasonal norm as the proportion of children 2 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification 3 Food Security Outcome Monitoring report 3 at risk of malnutrition based on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC<135mm) in January 2016 4was 18.7 percent compared with the LTA of 19.1 percent. 2.2 Food Security Trends The county was classified as Stressed (IPC Phase two) in the pastoral livelihood zone and Minimal (IPC Phase one) in the agro-pastoral livelihood zone, during the long rains assessment 2015. The county retains its classification during this assessment. Food stocks available at the household level in the agro-pastoral livelihood zone were 70 percent of the LTA compared with 30 percent during the same time in 2015. Water consumption remained 20 litres per person per day as it was in July 2015. Livestock body condition had generally improved in comparison to the two previous seasons, although milk availability had remained at 0.5 - 1.5 litres in the pastoral zone due to successive poor seasons that interfered with the birth cycle of cattle. Terms of Trade (ToT) have remained stable: proceeds from the sale of a goat could enable households to purchase 46 kg of maize, comparable with 48 kg of maize in July 2015. The CSI was 22 in December 2014 compared with 19 in December 2015 (FSOM report) implying that households were employing consumption-related coping mechanisms less frequently during this season than they did previously. The proportion of children ‘at risk’ of malnutrition in January 2016 was 18.7 percent, higher than the17.6 percent reported in July 2015 although comparable to the same period in January 2015. 2.3 Rainfall Performance Samburu County receives bimodal rainfall with the long rains being the main season for the agro-pastoral livelihood and the short rains contributing more to the pastoral livelihood as it is more reliable. The onset of the short rains across the livelihood zones was late beginning in the second week of November compared with the normal third or fourth week of October. Generally, the county received 90-110 percent of normal rainfall except in the northern parts of Lorroki and the southern part of Kirisia which received 75-90 Figure 2: Rainfall performance as a percent of normal percent of normal rainfall. Samburu North sub-county received 140-200 percent of normal rains with areas of Nyiro receiving the highest amounts of 200 – 350 percent of normal (Figure 2). Temporal distribution was poor, marked by some dry periods in the second and third dekad of October, while spatial distribution was uneven. Cessation was early, in the second dekad of December as opposed to the third dekad normally. 2.4 Current Shocks and Hazards The county experienced insecurity and conflicts during the season in Marti and Baragoi areas in which livestock were lost and
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