SAMBURU DISTRICT

SHORT RAINS ASSESSMENT

FEBRUARY 2008

Assessment Team

Alphonce Musili Ministry Of Livestock & Fisheries Development Lameck Abrahams MOW&I Philip Ndung’u OP - MSSP Longit Naktari World Food Programme DSG Technical Samburu District Christine Adiema World Food Programme Isiolo/Samburu Barbara Leseni World Food Programme Isiolo/Samburu

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 District Background Information...... 1 1.2 History of Relief Operations...... 2 1.3 Summary of Recommendations...... 2 2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION...... 3 2.1 Overall Food Security Situation...... 3 2.2 Impact of Shocks and Hazards on Food Security ...... 3 2.2.1 Rainfall...... 3 2.2.2 Crop Production and Prices ...... 4 2.2.3 Livestock Production and Prices...... 5 2.3 Water and Sanitation...... 7 2.3.1 Health and Nutrition ...... 8 2.3.2 Education ...... 9 2.3.3 Coping Mechanisms...... 9 2.3.4 Divisional Food Security Ranking...... 9 2.4 Ongoing Interventions ...... 10 3 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 10 3.1 Food Interventions ...... 10 3.2 Non – Food Interventions ...... 11 4 ANNEX...... 12 4.1 Annex I...... 12 4.2 Annex II ...... 13 4.3 Annex III:...... 14

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the ii Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 District Background Information

Samburu district is one of the 31districts in the rift valley province with area coverage of approximately 21000 sq km. The district is divided into six administrative divisions (Kirisia, Lorroki, Waso, Wamba, Baragoi and Nyiro). The district population is estimated at 170,680 with high densities in Kirisia, Lorroki, and Baragoi Divisions. About eighty five percent of the district is rangeland lowland while the rest is highland where rain fed agriculture is practiced. Rainfall is scarce and unreliable averaging 750 mm in the highlands to 250 mm in the lowlands. The main crops grown are maize, beans, sorghum and cowpeas. Livestock industry is the single most important industry in the district.

Pastoral, Agro-pastoral and Formal employment/Business/Petty trade are the three main Livelihood zones in the district. 85% of the population depends on pastoralism (cattle, camels, sheep and goat keeping). 8% of the population practice Agro-Pastoralism and are found in Kirisia and parts of Lorroki divisions. The rest of the population is engaged in formal employment, business or petty trade and are found in major town centers like Maralal, Baragoi, Wamba and Archer’s post.

Livestock body conditions in the district are generally good with pasture and browse being of high nutrition though accessibility has been impeded by the prevailing insecurity in Kirisia, Lorroki and Marti plains. The trekking distances to water sources for livestock is 7 kms in Baragoi, Nyiro, Wamba and Waso divisions whilst in Kirisia and Lorroki, the distance is at 4kms.Sources of water are mainly boreholes, shallow wells, lagas, dams and pans which are not very reliable except for boreholes. Currently the district is facing an outbreak of Peste Des Petit Ruminant (PPR) which was first reported in Baragoi and Wamba divisions ranging between 10 – 60% mortality rates. The disease mainly affects both sheep and goats though it’s highly visible in goats with high mortality.

The short rains were negligible in the district with only 3.7% of arable lands under cultivation. This was attributed to the insecurity in the area (Kirisia and Lorroki) that forced people to abandon their homes. Food security in the district was further complicated by the unavailability of certified seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. This is attributed to the fact that there are only seven Stockists in the district who stock inadequate crop inputs during the start of the rainy season. All the above factors have contributed to the general decline in the amount of food. The district is experiencing a deficit of 14,970MT.Currently the district is sourcing much of its food supplies from neighboring districts i.e. Nyandaru, Laikipia, Nyahururu and Nakuru.

The learning in primary schools in the insecurity affected areas have been disrupted and some schools in Lorroki and Baragoi divisions have closed. Around 500 pupils were affected and relocated to other schools .This issue has caused strain on scarce resources in the admitting schools.

The district has 73 boreholes, 61 dams, 4 sand dams, 5 lagas, 64 wells, 7 rock catchments, 29 springs and 36 roof catchments. At the moment 19 boreholes are non operational and as such, the district is undertaking water tankering to institutions in Baragoi and Nyiro divisions. The water stress is expected to increase especially if the long rains fail to fall on time.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 1 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

The nutrition status of children under five has improved as compared to the year 2006 although there is a high prevalence of malaria, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections and HIV/AIDS. Malaria incidences continue to increase in the lowlands since the onset of the wet season late October. The ailments were mainly countered at the household level through medical assistance sought from health centers and dispensaries, private clinics and use of local herbs/ concoctions.

Insecurity in the district has been intermittent especially in Baragoi, Lorroki plains and Samburu/Laikipia border. This has caused a lot of tension and outward migration of both human and livestock as these areas are dry grazing zones for the pastoralists. However in Marti, the prolonged dry spell has caused the communities to settle in areas where security is ensured.

1.2 History of Relief Operations

The EMOP commenced in Samburu in late 2004 targeting 77,370 beneficiaries under the general food distribution. The target was gradually reduced to 22,119 beneficiaries in response to the recovery status after the Short Rains Assessment in 2005. It is at this point (the only point in the recent EMOP) that Food for Assets (FFA) was employed along side general food distribution (GFD) as an exit strategy. The number of beneficiaries has gradually been halved since then to date. Other than the usual inevitable challenges contributing to missing commodities in food baskets over the cycle, delays in implementing recommendations by KFSSG at district level has caused distributions to lag by a month or so after Long Rains and Short Rains assessment. Supplementary feeding commenced in April 2007 and has gone a long way in alleviating incidences of malnutrition among children under five years and pregnant and lactating mothers in the District. (Annex table I)

1.3 Summary of Recommendations

ƒ Promote peace building initiatives and security efforts ƒ Carry out a district wide PPR vaccination campaign ƒ Promote range reseeding and provision of appropriate grass seeds. ƒ Improvement of livestock markets in the district through formation of marketing associations. ƒ Monitoring of resurgence of crop disease and pests. ƒ Timely provision of certified seeds, fertilizers and pesticides to farmers. ƒ . Promote community sensitization on HIV/AIDS and provision of care to the affected. ƒ Constant control of livestock and wildlife menace to crops. ƒ Construction of sub - surface dams along the lagga beds. ƒ Installation of standby gen - sets to avoid stress on the existing borehole pumping sets. ƒ Encourage hay conservation and improvement. ƒ Need for a district nutritional survey to establish the nutritional status in the district. ƒ Encourage water harvesting in educational institutions.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 2 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION

2.1 Overall Food Security Situation

The food security situation in the district is deteriorating due to insecurity which has displaced Agro pastoralists from their arable farming areas. Unless this situation is arrested, it will lead to acute food shortage and loss of livelihood to a big population. For example, areas like Longewan, Angata – lerai and Logor – ate in the south west plateau will remain abandoned and the displaced people who escaped to clustered villages will require food assistance.

Inadequate rainfall during the short rains had a negative bearing on food security in the district since very little has been harvested. There is limited pasture and browse utilization in vast plains of Baragoi and Nyiro divisions due to tension from the warring ethnic communities which will affect the livestock body condition hence poor prices. The district milk consumption has decreased due to a decline in livestock birth rates particularly in cattle which is the main source of milk for the pastoralists. The outbreak of PPR in Baragoi and Wamba divisions and the quarantine imposed in the whole district will affect the pastoralist purchasing power.

The fear inculcated in the business community by post election violence in the major towns within the district coupled with other negative impacts to the national economy is expected to aggravate the food security situation across the board.

Health and nutrition trends in the district continue to stabilize but have not normalized yet. There is a negligible drop of HIV/AIDS new cases in the district from 8.1% to 6.2% which is one of the underlying factors causing malnutrition in under fives and pregnant and lactating mothers. It has also affected on accessibility and utilization of food at the household level.

Shock and Hazards Currently, the district is facing three shocks, that of insecurity, crop failure and the outbreak PPR. Insecurity has led to displacement of people especially those of Baragoi, Kirisia and Nyiro whilst the outbreak of PPR has led to restrictions in livestock movement to markets for sale as result of quarantine imposition in the whole district. These are major impediments to availability of food in the district and markets as well as accessibility of food at the household level.

2.2 Impact of Shocks and Hazards on Food Security

2.2.1 Rainfall The District received below normal rainfall with poor spatial and temporal distribution. The month of January received 27.6mm of rainfall compared to 23.1mm received in the previous month which was far much below the threshold. The poor rainfall distribution and ethnic skirmishes impacted negatively on the short rains crop production season. The low lands of Lorroki, Wamba, Waso, Baragoi and Nyiro had very poor rains and crop failure was recorded. Figure 1 below depicts a trend on average rainfall received in the district.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 3 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

Fig 1: District Average Rainfall for 2008 compared to Long term established mean rainfall (ref. years 2002 - 2007)

140 120 100 80 2002-2007 60 2008 40 20

Average rainfall (MM) rainfall Average 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Months

2.2.2 Crop Production and Prices

Apart from poor rainfall, inadequate supply of farm inputs and land preparation machineries poses a major challenge in crop production in the district. The little crop production that was expected in the short rains was further complicated by the destruction of crops by livestock and wildlife as farmers fled from their farms due to Insecurity. Table 1. Below shows the Maize and Beans production trends and requirement since 2002-2007

Table 1: Maize and Beans Production trends Year Crop Production Total consumption requirement Deficit (90 kg bags) (90 kg bags) 2000 Maize 1,500 205,333 190,333 Beans 1,200 61,600 60,400 2001 Maize 30,000 205,333 175,333 Beans 1520 61,600 60,080 2002 Maize 33,900 205,333 171,433 Beans 2,140 61,600 59,460 2003 Maize 37,000 205,440 168,440 Beans 1,400 61,632 60232 2004 Maize 11,850 205,440 193,590 Beans 740 61,632 60,892 2005 Maize 42,600 205,800 163,200 Beans 1,000 61,740 60,740 2006 Maize 8,660 205,800 197,140 Beans 1,172 61,740 60,568 2007 Maize 49,898 216,233 166,335 Beans 6,127 65,532 59,405

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 4 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). The table above depicts consistent food deficits over the years. The years that drought was experienced exhibit characteristically high deficits of the mentioned commodities. The year 2007 recorded one the highest deficits and therefore indicating food stock unavailability in households Figure 2 below shows a trend on posho prices from 2003-2007 and January 2008

Fig. 2 Average maize flour (Posho) prices at the Household level compared to mean prices ( ave 03- 07)

29 28 27 26 2003-2007 25 Kshs 24 2008 23 22 21 Jan Feb Mar AprilMay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

The figure indicates that maize flour prices increased to Kshs 28.1 in the month of January 2008 as compared to December 2007 Kshs 24 which is 16.7% increase. This is particularly high as compared to similar periods in the past. The imposition of quarantine on livestock movement and therefore sales has severely eroded domestic incomes and hence households will find it exceedingly difficult to access highly priced food commodities and other basic needs.

2.2.3 Livestock Production and Prices

Pasture and browse is readily available in both Agro- pastoral zones (Kirisia and Lorroki) and the pastoral zones (Baragoi, Wamba, Nyiro and Waso). In Marti and Elbata plains, there is good pasture which is of high nutrition. However, these areas are in accessible to livestock use due to conflict between Turkana and Samburu communities. The livestock body condition is fair to good in most parts of the district. The trekking distances to watering points currently is 4 km to 7 kms. The district experienced Livestock loses in the year 2005 and early 2006 but now the livestock population is now on the increase.

The nomadic pastoralism in the district exposes the stock to various diseases and pests such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Rabies, PPR, Contagious Caprine PleuroPneumonia (CCPP), Tick borne diseases and Helminthiasis .Currently an outbreak of PPR has been reported in Baragoi division and has spread southward to Wamba division. The disease mainly affects goats with high mortality and calls for district wide livestock vaccination campaign.

Livestock Sales The district has four livestock sale yards i.e. Suguta Mar mar, Maralal, Archers Post and Baragoi.However there are smaller livestock marketing centres coming up i.e. Lokuru, Lpus, and Lolkuniani.Suguta Mar mar market has been incorporated to the National Livestock Marketing Information System and the data can be accessed through the internet or mobile phones.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 5 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

Livestock export trend from 2000 – 2007

Fig 3. Livestock export trends 2000 - 2007

140000 120000

100000 cattle 80000 goats

Numbers 60000 sheep 40000 20000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 year

Figure 3 above indicates livestock export trends over the years shown. This shows a significant increase in livestock trade especially among small stock. This underscores the importance of small stock in affording households regular income and therefore accessibility to food. In the event of adverse weather condition i.e. drought and disease, the communities relying on these livestock species will be affected negatively as their food security will be threatened. On the other hand cattle exports did not show any significant increases over the years.

Livestock Prices a) Cattle Prices At the beginning of 2007 cattle prices were depressed due to the outbreak of Rift Valley Fever that also contributed to closure of some markets nationally. Between November and December the prices were generally high due to Fig .4 Comparative cattle prices ( 2001 - 2006) against festivities and election 2007 - 2008 campaigns as there was a lot of liquidity at 10000 household level that 8000 2001-2006 also affected the 6000 2007 consumption pattern in

Kshs 4000 2008 the main settlement 2000 areas in the district. In 0 January 2008, markets l i ct pr ay Jul ep ov ec were distorted generally Jan Feb A M Jun Aug S O N D March as a result of the post Months election crises which led to high prices indicated in figure 4 which shows the long term district average for 2001 -2006 as compared to monthly prices of 2007 – 2008.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 6 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). b) Goat Prices The goat prices situation has continuously been above normal for the last seven months. The decline in prices in January 2008 was affected by the post election crises in the markets and reduced demand by the key traders (Burji’s). The decline in prices has a negative impact on the pastoralist as it has affected the communities purchasing power coupled with the high prevailing commodity prices.

Figure 5 below shows the long term district average for 2001 -2006 as compared to monthly prices of 2007 – 2008.

Fig. 5: Comparative goat prices ( 2001-2006) against 2007 -2008

1500

1000

Kshs 500

0 Jan Feb March April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2001-2006 819.5 794.6 761.5 819.8 835.2 780.8 794.5 772.5 838.2 818.7 780.2 848.5 2007 815 770 906 780 827 846 903 1061 975 1032 1052 1118 2008 1002 Months

2.3 Water and Sanitation

Water Daily water demand has shown an upward trend whereby during drought, the demand rises to 1678 cubic metres up from 616 cubic metres per day on boreholes. Dams and pans undergo a similar stress but not to the same magnitude. The demand during drought rises to 818 cubic metres from 741 cubic metres during the wet season. Boreholes experience the highest stress during drought because they supply water for tankering to other areas previously supplied by pans and dams during wet seasons

Fig.6 Total Water Demand

Samburu Total Water Demand 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 total cc/day 500 0 s s s ts s g ole an n h P i / We ll s re Ri vers pr ms S Wet Bo a D Sand Dam Ear ly Dr y k Catchemen c Late Dry Ro water sources Drought

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 7 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). The figure 6 above shows total domestic water demand on identified water sources in the district from wet to dry seasons. From the above, boreholes and wells are the most important and reliable water sources in all the seasons. The water levels from these sources decline during prolonged drought and therefore causing strain on the pumping equipment. The high cost associated with repair and maintenance of these facilities is again a strain on the community’s resources. Livestock depending on the same sources exacerbates the condition which may lead to conflicts among the community and associated environmental degradation around these sources.

The district is still water deficient with an approximate total of 11000cubic meters per day during drought against the combined demand of the 15980 Households and a livestock population demand of 42296 livestock units on boreholes alone

Sanitation As the dry season progresses, water sources continue depleting. The rise in demand for water for both livestock and human consumption creates competition for the scarce resource leading to water contamination at water points where both human and livestock access and utilize common water points without necessarily observing basic hygienic practices.

Latrine coverage in the Divisions is extremely poor encouraging open solid waste disposal. This malpractice contributes to further contamination of open water source especially during flash floods in wet seasons. This is evident as incidences of diarrhea as reported in Marti, Barsaloi and Lengewan. These incidences can also be attributed to poor water handling and storage at household level which in turn compromises food utilization.

2.3.1 Health and Nutrition

Lorroki and Waso divisions have recorded the highest percentage underweight cases in Samburu. Generally underweight cases have gone up by 58% during the same period for the comparative years according to CHANIS report. The increase in malnutrition in the two divisions can be attributed to diminishing livestock products in many households especially in the pastoral areas, coupled with decreased livestock prices and high cereals prices.

On the other hand Lorroki division which is an Agro- pastoral area relies on agriculture for sustenance. The area has been experiencing insecurity, intermittent tensions and poverty .The insecurity has impacted negatively on the communitys’ ways of life and therefore cannot engage in meaningful productive activities in their farms. This has eroded household incomes from agricultural activity and therefore access to food and other non food items becomes very difficult. The other ailments exacerbating this condition is the prevalence of Malaria, upper respiratory tract infections, and diarrhea thus affecting food utilization at the household level. HIV/AIDS with 6.2% prevalence rate on new infections worsens nutrition status of the people affected. See table 2

Table .2 Top ten diseases July – December 2007: Diseases Prevalence Rate (%) 1. A.R.I.S’ 28.7 2. Malaria 21.1 3. Pneumonias’ 9.75 4. Diarrhea Diseases 8.15 5. Infections Of Skin /Inccud Ulcers) 5.5 6. Eye Infections 2.85 7. Accidents/Include burns, Fractures .Etc 2.4

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 8 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 8. Ear Infections 2.15 9. Rheumatism Joint Pains 1.85 10. Intestinal Infections 2.05

The top ten diseases contribute 84.5 % of all disease ailments. Morbidity as per Crude Mortality Rate (CMR) stands at 9.3 persons in 1000 people. The leading disease that contributes to morbidity is HIV/AIDS that stand at 17.8%.The other important diseases closely associated with HIV/AIDS is Tuberculosis and Pneumonia afflicting mostly the 21 years to 39 years age brackets.

Malnutrition cases have been stabilized as a result of various interventions currently ongoing in the district. The Supplementary Feeding Program, General Food Distribution and the School Feeding Program have gone a long way in alleviating malnutrition problem. These programs target the under fives, pregnant and lactating mothers in nine health facilities and all primary schools respectively, across the district.

2.3.2 Education The district experienced closures and disruptions in primary schools due to insecurity and tribal clashes in Baragoi and Lorroki divisions. Table 3 below shows the schools affected.

Table 3: Population of Children affected by disruptions/closures of schools Division Schools closed/disrupted Boys Girls Total Baragoi Charda 36 21 57 Mbukoi 30 10 40 Kawop 107 98 205 Lorroki Logarate(pre-school) 28 39 67 Kao (pre-school) 60 60 120 Total 261 228 489

Terms of trade Cereals and pulses prices have been high for most of the time over the past five years. The sustained high cereal prices and the effects of drought have eroded the ability of the community to purchase food. The cereal to meat ration stands at 1: 0.2 in favor of cereals.

2.3.3 Coping Mechanisms

The coping strategies being employed in the district include: - skipping meals, reduction in size of meals, borrowing from neighbors and kin, charcoal burning, casual labor and individual/household migration out of areas like El barta, Marti, and Lorroki plains. These coping strategies are not severe.

2.3.4 Divisional Food Security Ranking

Division Food Insecurity Main food Security threat Rank (1-10 Scale) Kirisia 4 Crop failure, Insecurity, displacement, water stress and Quarantine Lorroki 5 Crop failure, Insecurity, displacement, water stress and Quarantine Wamba 5 PPR outbreak and water stress Waso 4 PPR outbreak, insecurity and water stress Nyiro 5 PPR outbreak, displacement, insecurity and water stress Baragoi 5 PPR outbreak, displacement, insecurity and water stress Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 9 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

2.4 Ongoing Interventions

Intervention Locality Collaborators % Coverage Gaps Peace Building Baragoi, Nyiro and GOK, Partners 100% Nil Initiatives Lorrokki EMOP Baragoi, Nyiro, Wamba & WFP,Partners, GOK 39% 20% Waso School Feeding District Wide WFP, GOK 100% Nil Programme Supplementary District Wide WFP,UNICEF,GOK 100% Nil Feeding Programme ASAL Based Nyiro, Wamba, Kirisia GOK,ADB 30% Nil Livestock and Livelihood Support Project NALEP District Wide GOK 100% Nil Njaa Marufuku District wide GoK 100% Nil Kenya CB - LEWS Baragoi GOK, ADB, ILRI & 10% Nil Partners

3 RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Food Interventions

Division Food Insecurity Range% Possible Ration Definition/Mode population level of Intervention requiring food Aid Kirisia Medium 20% 75% FFA Lorroki Moderate 20% 75% FFA Wamba Moderate 40% 75% GFD/FFA Waso Medium 40% 75% GFD/FFA Nyiro Moderate 40% 75% GFD/FFA Baragoi Moderate 40% 75% GFD/FFA

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 10 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

3.2 Non – Food Interventions

Livelihood Sector Intervention Justification Targeted pop Cost(ks action h) Agro - agriculture Provision of Boost agricultural Kirisia 12M MOA,ALRMP, and pastoral Certified seed production ,Lorroki development partners divisions

Agro - Undertake PPR To control the PPR District wide 3M MOL&FD, ALRMP,& pastoral vaccination disease outbreak Dev. partners &pastoral campaign Hay conservation To mitigate dwindling District wide 300,000 MOL&FD, ALRMP,& livestock pastures in drought Dev .partners Establishment of Improvement in District wide 500,000 MOL&FD, ALRMP,& Livestock livestock markets in the Dev .partners markets and district. marketing associations Range reseeding Improve feed situation Baragoi 3M MOL&FD, ALRMP,& pastoral Livestock and seed bulking for drought feeding ,Wamba , and Dev. partners Nyiro divisions Rehabilitation of Improve availability of District wide 10M MOW&I,ALRMP and Agro - Water and ground water water for livestock and Dev. Partners pastoral & sanitation sources human in the district pastoral Rehabilitation of Improve availability of District wide 80M MOW&I,ALRMP and surface water water for livestock and Dev. partners sources(dams, human in the district pans and springs) Pastoral Enhance peace Curtail livestock District wide 12M DSC , and DSG and Agro- security building rustling and interethnic pastoral initiatives and hostilities over security resources operations Pastoral Health and Carry out Ascertain nutrition 3M MOH,ALRMP,UNICE and Agro- Nutrition nutrition survey status in the district District wide F , and Development pastoral partners

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the 11 Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 4 ANNEX

4.1 Annex I Year Phases Month Bens Interventio Tonnage Comment ns Cereals Pulses Veg Salt CSB S.CSB oil 2004 Phase I Oct 77370 GFD 267.66 46.55 15.52 0 0 0 Beginning of EMOP Nov 77370 800.78 0 46.42 0 121.00 0 2005 Jan 77370 800.78 116.05 46.42 0 121.00 0 Phase II April 46871 455.37 79.05 25.94 0 60.00 0 Reduction of EMOP beneficiaries due to potential May 46871 455.37 79.05 25.94 0 60.00 0 recovery from emergency Phase III Sept 22119 204.321 0 0 0 0 0 Reduction of beneficiaries due to potential recovery from emergency Phase IV Oct 22119 204.321 71.05 23.68 0 46.72 0 No distribution in December due to pipeline Nov 22119 204.321 71.05 23.68 0 46.72 0 irregularities 2006 Phase V Jan 22119 FFW/GFD 205.04 35.53 11.84 0 23.36 0 Changes in project interventions hence reduced Feb 63172 GFD 653.83 0 37.9 0 99 0 number of beneficiaries in February. FFW did not March 63172 653.83 0 37.9 0 99 0 continue due to drastic changes from recovery to emergency Phase VI April 69489 719.21 125.08 0 0 0 0 Long phase; start of GFD interventions. Increased May 69,489 719.21 100.22 18 0 83.39 0 target beneficiaries due to inclusion of urban centres June 69489 719.21 100.08 166.78 10.42 0 0 for GFD. No distribution in March/December due July 69489 719.21 125.08 40.44 10.42 208.47 0 pipeline issues Sept 69490 719.21 125.08 41.69 10.42 277.96 0 Nov 69490 719.21 125.08 41.69 10.42 277.96 0 2007 Feb 69490 719.22 0 41.69 10.42 208.47 0 Phase VII April 52614 544.56 94.71 31.57 0 147.84 0 Beginning of a new phase eliminating urban centres May 52614 544.56 94.71 31.57 0 63.14 0 (Maralal township). Also beginning of supplementary June 52614 544.56 94.71 31.57 0 63.14 0 feeding (15 clinics in samburu) July 52614 544.56 94.71 31.57 0 63.14 0 Sept 52614 363.04 94.71 31.57 0 63.14 31.27 2008 Phase VII Oct 39540 409.24 71.17 23.73 0 47.45 0 Implementaion of new phase after SRA 2007. Nov 39540 409.24 71.17 23.73 0 47.45 31.27 Township region excepted from the GFD but their Feb 39540 409.24 71.17 23.73 0 78.72 0 peri-urban regions targeted (Wamba and Archers post) No swee CSB in the basket. Regular CSB used for SFP. February distribution is on going

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 12

4.2 Annex II Name of W/S Status of Gensets Prime movers Repair requirements Person Livestock Cost served served Maralal Loikas b/h not operational Kirloskar engine of Rewind alternator stator, replace injector pump & 6758 17596 300,000 (vandalized) 10 K.VA nozzles, fuel pipes, control panel and engine overhaul. Mbukoi B/h equipped and no Lister TS 3 and 5640 20956 1,880,000 operational because of Submersible pump insecurity . are new. Wamba Gravity system not adequate Lister TS 2 available Existing Gen-set need new alternator, 7670 12689 1,800,000 to meet demand. Collapsed bh and to be overhauled. submersible pump, Drill replacement C4513 yield 6.8m³ to be replaced. Ngutk Emuket Genset vandalized, intake Lumber Deen gens Provide intake weir and suction box, replace 2685 5680 675,000 works none existence and motor coupled genset winding, control panel accessories suction pipes washed off by Grundfos surface floods. pump Arsim Gravity system, storage tank N/A Provide intake weir, and chamber box, extend 1152 5684 1,320,000 and distribution line. Intake reticulation system to trading center and weir none existence and of community water points pipeline to community Sirata Oirobi Existing Lister TS 1 and Lee Lister TS 1 driving Replace old Pumping system with a Lister 2 1046 3278 2,280,000 Howl are old and break old Lee howl pump. Genset and Grundfos submersible pump. system down frequently and Renovate disused rising main. spares not readily available. Rehabilitate rising main Baawa Old Genset operating but TS 2 Lister driving Genset excluding pump is required, provide 4852 13476 1,800,000 breaks down frequently. Pump submersible. control panel and accessories and replace PVC to house about to collapse. GI rising main.

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 13

4.3 Annex III: PANS AND DAMS No. Name Locality ( Status Person Livestock Present amount Rehabilitation requirements Cost division) served served of water in the dam/pan 1 Ngorok Wamba Silted 80% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 15,000m³ and provide CT 2,500,000 2 Lowaarak “ Breached N/A N/A Dry Desilt 10, 000m³and repair 2,000,000 embankment 3 Nairimirmo B “ Silted 50% N/A N/A 5% Desilt 8,000m³, provide CT and 1,500,000 fence 4 Sordo “ Silted 75% N/A N/A Dry Desilt, rehabilitate embankment and 2,200,000 spillway 15,000m³ and provide CT 5 LBaaloltepes “ Breached N/A N/A Dry Desilt 10, 000m³, repair embankment 1,600,000 and spillway 6 Dalambo “ Silted 55% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 10,000m³and fence 1,500,000 7 Lodikdik “ Silted 85% N/A N/A Dry Desilt and expand 20,000m³ (Dry 2,500,000 grazing area) 8 Naisunyai Waso Silted 80% N/A N/A 20% Desilt 20,000m³ and rehabilitate 3,000,000 CWP &C/T (Strategic dam) 9 Lerata “ Breached and N/A N/A Dry Desilt & expand 15,000m³and 1,800,000 silted provide embankment spillway and CT 10 Sereolipi “ Breached & N/A N/A 25% Desilt 17,500m³and rehabilitate 2,100,000 Silted 75% embankment. Provide CT and Fence 11 Lepesi “ Silted 90% N/A N/A Dry Desilt and expand 10,000 m³ and 1,800,000 provide C.T 12 Logorate Lorroki Silted 40% N/A N/A Dry Desilt15,000m³ and curb reservoir 1,600,000 seepage rehabilitate spillway 13 Miyai “ Silted 60% N/A N/A 15% Desilt 9,000m³and rehabilitate CT 2,000,000 and CWP 15 Kisima “ Breached N/A N/A Dry Desilt 20, 000m³, provide embank- 2,400,000 /silted 65% ment & shape up eroded spillway 16 Kiangok “ Breached N/A N/A Dry Desilt 10,000 m³ and provide 2,100,000 /silted 65% embankment & shape up eroded spillway

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 14 17 Lolmolog “ Breached N/A N/A Dry Desilt 12, 000m³ expand, rehabilitate 2,500,000 silted 50% embankment & curb seepage 18 Baawa “ 40% silted N/A N/A 30% Desilt 8, 000m³ rehabilitate CWP 1,600,000 and CT and fence 19 Larengiro Kirisia Silted 70% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 11,000 m³ and provide 2,500,000 Breached embankment and CWP 20 Losuk “ Silted 50% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 10, 000m³and train WUA 1,500,000 21 Ledero Prison “ Silted 45% N/A N/A Dry Desilt and provide outlet for minor 2,000,000 irrigation by prisons department

22 Siambu “ Silted 75% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 9, 000m³ provide CWP & CT 1,500,000 23 Muramur “ Breached N/A N/A Dry Desilt 20, 000m³ 000m rehabilitate 3,000,000 silted 80% embank- ment and spillway provide CT 24 Nkapune “ Silted 75% N/A N/A Dry Desilt15,000m³ & rehabilitate 1,700,000 embankment 25 Lesepee Nyiro Silted 90% N/A N/A Dry Desilt & expand capacity 12,000m³ 1,800,000 26 Kawap “ Silted 75% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 15, 000m³and increase dam 2,000,000 depth 28 Ngusita “ Silted 80% N/A N/A Dry Desilt, expand 10, 000m³ and 1,700,000 provide CWP, CT 29 Ngumeni Baragoi Silted 95% N/A N/A Dry Desilt rehabilitate embankment & 3,000,000 provide spillway 25, 000m³ 30 Loroko Nyokie “ Silted 50% N/A N/A 25% Desilt and expand 14, 000m³. Water 1,900,000 scarce area thus deep dams needed 31 Baragoi “ Silted 65% N/A N/A Dry Desilt and expand 15000m³ 1,600,000 N/A N/A 33 Lepile “ Silted 80% N/A N/A 25% Desilt 18,000m 1nd provide spillway 2,500,000 and embankment & CT 34 Sharda “ Silted 95% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 25, 000m³ rehabilitate spill- 3,500,000 way and CWP and CT. Strategic dam 35 Tipaku “ Silted 90% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 10,000m³ build embankment 2,,000,000 Breached rehabilitate spillway and CT 36 Soito Kokoyo “ Silted 60% N/A N/A Dry Desilt 9,000m³, build embankment 1,800,000 Breached rehabilitate spillway and CT Nonduto Kirisia In good 33989 None 50% Addition of treatment works 16,000000 37 condition

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 15 ANNEX 4 SURFACE WATER INTAKE, RIVERS, SPRINGS, LAKES ETC.

Name Locality Status Person Storage Livestock Rehabilitation requirements Cost served M³ served 1 Maralal Kirisia Water rationing, 33989 230 Nil Feasibility study for alternative source 2,500,000 supply not meeting to be investigated and expand present demand. treatment works 2 Poro “ Under rehabilitated 4207 100 Nil Has under gone rehabilitation N/A 3 Kirimon Lorroki Need rehabilitation 1263 50 5689 Rehabilitate the spring intake and 800,000 extend distribution system 4 Suguta “ Operational 8578 50 Nil Feasibility study for alternative source 300,000 Marmar rationing to be investigated and extend distribution in town 5 Tuum Nyiro Operational 1228 50 15438 Distribution to be extended 450,000 6 Looljoorin “ Operational 1615 25 6483 No much rehabilitation required N/A 7 Kurungu “ Operational 1046 Nil 5684 Improvement of source intake and 250,000 fencing the catchments. 8 South Horr “ Operational 5076 100 7420 Replace the raising main and extend the 2,750,000 distribution system 9 Arsim “ Operational ,not 1152 Nil 5684 Provide intake weir, and chamber box, 1,320,000 effective, intake non extend reticulation system to trading existing center and community water points 10 Ngurunit “ Operational 847 Nil 4329 Improve intake source and extend the 500,000 distribution system 11 Margwe Wamba Operational but 2369 50 5638 Rehabilitation on going by ALRMP II N/A needs rehabilitation 12 Wamba “ Operational but not 7670 100 Nil Existing Gen-set need new alternator, 1,500,000 meeting the demand submersible pump, Drill replacement bh 13 Gogoltim “ Operational 1865 50 4628 Alternative source to be investigated as 200,000 present source recently dried up. 14 Ngutuk “ Un operational 2685 25 5680 Provide intake weir, and chamber box, 2,000,000 Emuket extend reticulation system to trading center and community water points 15 Archers Waso Operational 3912 50 Nil Recently rehabilitated by Safaricom N/A Post and its affiliated partners

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). 16