Republic of Kenya

REPUBLIC OF KENYA NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION THE PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM WATER PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM PROJECT AUGUST 2016 THE MANAGING DIRECTOR CAS CONSULTANTS LTD NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND NELLEON PLACE, RHAPTA ROAD, PIPELINE CORPORATION WESTLANDS. DUNGA ROAD P. O. BOX 67693 - NAIROBI P.O. BOX 30173 -00100, NAIROBI - KENYA TEL: 020 4445265 FAX: 020 4440049 Email: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM WATER PROJECT SUBMISSION FORM We, CAS Consultants Limited do hereby certify that this report was prepared based on the data collected from primary and secondary sources and on the best understanding and interpretation of the facts by the environmental assessment team. We are pleased to herewith submit the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Project Report for the proposed Isiolo dam project. FIRM: CAS Consultants Limited P. O. BOX 67693 Nairobi, Kenya TEL: 020 4445265 FAX: 020 4440049 Name of Lead Firm NEMA: …CAS CONSULTANTS LIMITED NEMA License No.: …0006 Sign: …………………………………………………………………………………………. PROPONENT: NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION DUNGA ROAD P.O. BOX 30173 -00100, NAIROBI - KENYA Email: [email protected] On behalf of the proponent: Name: ……………………………………….. Title: …………………………………… …………………………………………………. …………………………………… Signature Date Disclaimer This Environmental Impact Assessment Report is being submitted in accordance with the terms and conditions of contract in respect of provision of consultancy services. It has been carried out in full observance of the EIA regulations and in compliance with the Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999 and subject to terms and conditions of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). CAS CONSULTANTS i October 2014 NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM WATER PROJECT EIA FOR ISIOLO DAM PROJECT CONTENTS Chapter Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Project Justification 2 1.3 The Proponent 3 1.4 Project Activities 3 1.5 Purpose of the Report 4 1.6 Objectives of the EIA Study 5 1.7 EIA Terms of Reference 5 1.8 EIA Methodology 6 1.8.1 The Approach 7 1.9 The project team 10 1.10 Project Cost 10 1.11 Study Limitations 10 2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 11 2.1 Background 11 2.2 Legal Framework 11 2.2.1 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (No. 8 of 1999) 12 2.2.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations 2003 12 2.2.1.2 Environmental Management and Co-ordination (Waste Management) Regulations 2006 13 2.2.1.3 Environmental Management and Coordination, (Water Quality) Regulations 2006 13 2.2.1.4 Environmental Management and Coordination, Conservation of Biological Diversity (BD) Regulations 2006 13 2.2.1.5 Environmental Management and Coordination (Fossil Fuel Emission Control) Regulations 2006 14 2.2.1.6 Environmental Management and Coordination (Controlled Substances) Regulations 2007 14 CAS CONSULTANTS ii October 2014 NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM WATER PROJECT 2.2.1.7 Environmental Management and Coordination (Wetlands, Riverbanks, Lake Shores and Sea Shore Management) Regulations 2009 14 2.2.1.8 Environmental Management and Coordination (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution) Control Regulations, 2009 15 2.2.2 Occupational Health and Safety Act 15 2.2.3 Water Act 2002 15 2.2.3.1 The Water Resources Management Rules (2007) 16 2.2.4 The Wildlife (Conservation and Management) Act (Cap 376) 16 2.2.5 The Forests Act 2005 16 2.2.6 The Agriculture Act, Cap 318 of the Laws of Kenya 17 2.2.7 The Kenya Roads Act 2007 17 2.2.8 The Physical Planning Act (Cap 286) 18 2.2.9 The Antiquities and Monuments Act, 1983 Cap 215: 18 2.2.10 Occupiers Liability Act (Cap. 34) 18 2.2.11 Way Leaves Act (Cap. 292) 19 2.2.12 Penal Code (Cap.63) 19 2.2.13 The Standards Act Cap 496 19 2.2.14 Public Roads and Roads of Access Act (Cap. 399) 20 2.2.15 The Lakes and Rivers Act Chapter 409 Laws of Kenya 20 2.2.16 The Limitations of Actions Act (Cap. 22) 20 2.2.17 Acts Related to Land 20 a) The Land Registration Land Act, 2012. 21 b) The Land Act, 2012 21 2.2.18 HIV & Aids Act 2006 21 2.2.19 Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances Act , CAP 254 Revised Edition 2012 of (1992) 21 2.2.20 Alcoholic Drinks Control Act No. 4 of 2010 22 2.2.21 National Environment Policy 2012 22 2.3 International guidelines 23 2.4 International conventions 23 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT 25 3.1 Biophysical Environment Introduction 25 3.1.1 Upper Ewaso Nyiro North Basin 25 3.1.2 Rainfall 26 3.1.3 Agro-climatic zone map 28 3.1.4 Soils Map 29 3.1.5 Geology 30 3.1.6 Land Use/Cover Map 32 3.1.7 Drainage of the Catchment Area 34 3.2 Socio-Economic Environment. 36 3.2.1 Population Density 36 3.2.2 Isiolo County 37 3.2.2.1 Settlement Patterns 38 3.2.2.2 Agriculture and Rural Development 38 3.2.2.3 Physical Infrastructure 39 3.2.2.4 Environment, Water and Sanitation 40 3.2.2.5 Poverty Levels 40 3.2.2.6 Gender Inequality 40 3.2.3 Laikipia County Profile: 41 3.2.3.1 Topographic Features: 42 3.2.3.2 Agriculture and Rural Development: 42 3.2.3.3 Environment, Water and Sanitation 42 CAS CONSULTANTS iii October 2014 NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM WATER PROJECT 3.2.3.4 Development Challenges: 43 3.2.3.5 Land Ownership: 43 3.2.3.6 Human/Livestock/Wildlife Conflict 43 3.2.3.7 Gender Inequality 43 3.2.3.8 Drought 45 3.2.3.9 Poverty 45 3.2.4 Sample Statistics for the Project Area of Influence. 46 3.2.4.1 Educational Attainment 47 3.2.4.2 Household Size 48 3.2.4.3 Vulnerable Groups 48 3.2.4.4 Primary Occupation of Household Head and HH Income 49 3.2.4.5 Ethnicity 50 3.2.4.6 Housing 51 3.2.4.7 Land Type and Use 52 3.2.4.8 Production Dynamics and Settlement Patterns 53 3.2.4.9 Water and Sanitation 55 3.2.4.10 Health Status 57 3.2.4.11 Infrastructure and Communication and Movement 58 3.2.4.12 Sources of Energy 59 3.2.4.13 Attitudes Towards the Project 60 3.2.4.14 Sacred and Special Places 60 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 62 4.1 Introduction 62 4.2 Description of the System Components 62 4.2.1 Dam Area and Buffer Zone 64 4.2.2 Catchment Area and the Rivers 65 4.2.3 Sediment Loads 66 4.2.4 Climate and Rainfall 66 4.2.5 Hydrology 67 4.2.6 Dam Design Criteria 67 4.2.7 Reservoir Characteristics and LiDAR Survey 68 4.2.8 Dam Spillway 69 4.2.8.1 Types of Spillways 69 4.2.9 Design of the Service Spillway 70 4.2.10 Bridge above the Service Spillway 70 4.2.11 Weir Supplying Water to Oldonyiro 71 4.2.12 Lobarishereki Irrigation Scheme 71 4.2.13 Energy Dissipation 71 4.2.14 Depth of Water Above the Spillway Sill (Net Freeboard) 71 4.2.15 Slope Protection 72 4.2.15.1 Upstream Slope Protection 72 4.2.15.2 Downstream Slope Protection 72 4.2.16 River Diversion 72 4.2.17 Compensation Flow 72 4.2.18 Impoundment of the Reservoir 72 4.2.18.1 Case I – Minimum Flows 73 4.2.18.2 Case I – Mean Flows 73 4.2.19 De-silting Chamber 73 4.2.20 Sustainability of the Flows to the Downstream Areas 73 4.2.21 Rate of Water Releases 74 4.2.22 Flooding of Areas Surrounding Lorian Swamp 74 4.2.23 Water Supply 75 4.2.24 Water Treatment Plant 76 4.2.25 Other Components 77 CAS CONSULTANTS iv October 2014 NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM WATER PROJECT 4.2.26 Irrigation 77 4.3 Project Activities 78 4.3.1 Planning and Feasibility Studies 78 4.3.2 Design Work 78 4.3.3 Construction Phase 79 4.3.4 Commissioning 79 4.3.5 Dam Operations 80 4.3.6 Project Outputs 80 4.3.7 Dam Decommissioning 80 5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 82 5.1 General 82 5.2 Objectives of the public consultation 82 5.3 Public Consultation Plan 83 5.4 Stakeholder Identification 84 5.5 Initial Consultations 85 5.6 Key Issues Raised in Public Consultations 87 5.6.1 Project a Solution to Existing Water Problem 87 5.6.2 Loss of Conservancy/Agricultural Land 87 5.6.3 Employment Opportunities 88 5.6.4 Resettlement 88 5.6.5 Straining Community Relations 88 5.6.6 Threat to Pastoralist Livelihoods 89 5.6.7 Vulnerable Groups Assistance 89 5.6.8 Pressure on Local Resources 89 5.6.9 Wildlife 90 5.6.10 Loss of Infrastructure (Kibaleng bridge) 90 5.6.11 Sharing of Benefits – 90 5.6.12 Vices such as Theft, Diseases and HIV/Aids and other Sexually Transmitted Infections 90 5.7 Interviews with WRUAS 90 6 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT 93 6.1 Analysis of Alternatives 93 6.1.1 Ngare Ndare River. 93 6.1.2 Ngare Sirgon Dam site, 93 6.1.3 Ewaso Nyiro River Channel 93 6.1.4 Do Nothing Option 95 7 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS 96 7.1 General 96 7.2 Positive Impacts 96 7.2.1 Regional and National Benefits 96 7.2.2 Local Benefits 97 7.2.3 River Flow Stabilization 98 7.2.4 Catchment Restoration and Erosion control measures 99 CAS CONSULTANTS v October 2014 NATIONAL WATER CONSERVATION AND PIPELINE CORPORATION PROPOSED ISIOLO DAM WATER PROJECT 7.2.5 Reduction of Water Resource Conflicts 99 7.2.6 Improved Access to Services 99 7.2.7 Food Security 99 7.2.8 Several Economic Benefits will Accrue as Follows: 100 7.3 Negative Impacts 101 7.3.1 Land Acquisition Requirements 101 7.3.2 Construction Material Sourcing 105 7.3.3 Impacts on Livestock Farming 109 7.3.4 Impacts on Wildlife Conservation 110 7.3.5 Loss of Land and Natural Resources 111 7.3.6 Health 112 7.3.7 Cultural Heritage 113 7.3.8 Population Relocation 114 7.3.9 Hydrology and River Flows 117 7.3.10 Discrimination on Employment Opportunities 118 7.3.11 Surface Runoff 118 7.3.12 Noise Emission 120 7.3.13 Air Quality and Dust Emissions.

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