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VOWELS in STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN an Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis

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VOWELS in STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN an Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN An Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis VON DR. PHIL. SYLVIA MOOSMÜLLER Habilitationsschrift eingereicht an der Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Wien Wien, im Mai 2007 Sylvia Moosmüller to my children Caroline and Bernd Vowels in Standard Austrian German Sylvia Moosmüller ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the people and institutions that made this work possible: The Acoustics Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Linguistics at the University of Vienna, who provided me with the necessary resources to conduct my analyses. Wolfgang U. Dressler accompanied, guided, and influenced my academic career for many years. With his detailed and meticulous comments he sharply pointed out argumentative weaknesses and inconsistencies and did not spare the effort to re-read any revision of my work. Werner A. Deutsch was open for discussions at any time I needed to clarify critical points. He always watched attentively that I looked at theories and concepts from different angles. The influence of Ruth Wodak, though less obvious perhaps, should, however, by no means be underestimated, since the sociolinguistic aspect of language is a cornerstone of this work. All my colleagues at the Acoustics Research Institute, especially Timo Becker who, with his marvellous accuracy, had a highly critical eye on both content and form, and Jonathan White, who, known for his patience, transported my English into a readable and understandable form. Special thanks go also to the STx Software Group, Anton Noll, Jonathan White, and Christian Gottschall who were always ready to help me with whatever problem I had to deal with. Vowels in Standard Austrian German My husband Ralf Vollmann took over the thankless task of formatting this text. Moreover, he was ready to discuss all aspects not directly related to phonetics or phonology. Special thanks go to the anonymous speakers who made, by their willingness to participate, this work possible. My thanks go also to those who supported me with helpful tips, encouraging words, and useful discussions: Gelong Lodreu, Aurelia Braito-Roher, Angelika Braun, Ursula Doleschal, Karin Freisinger, Theodor Granser, Jens-Peter Köster, John Rennison, Magda Rzepecka, and, last but not least, my children Caroline and Bernd, to whom this work is dedicated. Sylvia Moosmüller Table of Contents VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN ..................................................................................1 An Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis .......................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................................................................4 Table of Contents .........................................................................................................................................6 1. Introduction: Setting the Theoretical Framework.....................................................................................1 1.1. The socio-pragmatic foundation of phonology and phonetics...........................................................3 1.2. The phonological system...................................................................................................................9 1.3 Standard Austrian German ...............................................................................................................15 2. Methods and Data...................................................................................................................................18 2.1. Speakers and Material .....................................................................................................................18 2.2. Measurements..................................................................................................................................20 3. Interpretation of formant measurements.................................................................................................29 3.1. The traditional F1/F2 representation ...............................................................................................29 3.2. Constriction locations for vowels: discrete or gradual?...................................................................39 3.3. The acoustic-articulatory relationship .............................................................................................43 4. Vowel inventory and features.................................................................................................................51 4.1. The feature [±tense]: brief historical outline ...................................................................................54 4.2. Temporal Analysis...........................................................................................................................56 4.2.1. Isochrony in Standard German .................................................................................................56 4.2.2. Isochrony in Central Bavarian..................................................................................................59 4.2.3. Isochrony in Standard Austrian German ..................................................................................62 4.2.4. Vowel duration in Standard Austrian German..........................................................................66 4.2.5. Duration and Laxness ...............................................................................................................72 4.3. Articulatory investigations on vowels .............................................................................................75 4.3.1 Articulatory settings for the opposition traditionally termed [± tense]......................................75 4.3.2 The features [± front] and [± high] ............................................................................................82 4.4. Acoustic analysis of the vowels of Standard Austrian German.......................................................85 4.4.1. The pre-palatal vowels..............................................................................................................86 4.4.2. The mid-palatal vowels ............................................................................................................96 4.4.3. The velar vowels.....................................................................................................................106 4.4.4. The upper pharyngeal vowels.................................................................................................109 4.4.5. The lower pharyngeal vowels.................................................................................................112 4.4.6. The role of F0 .........................................................................................................................115 4.4.7. Evaluation of the results .........................................................................................................120 5. Coarticulation .......................................................................................................................................122 5.1. What is coarticulation? ..................................................................................................................122 5.2. Articulatory vs. acoustic observations...........................................................................................136 5.3. Processes vs. Coarticulation ..........................................................................................................147 5.3.1. The vowel /i/...........................................................................................................................150 5.3.2. The vowel /A/..........................................................................................................................159 5.3.3. The vowels /u, o/ ....................................................................................................................166 5.4. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................170 6. Vowel and Vowel Variability...............................................................................................................172 6.1. Target, invariance, and target undershoot......................................................................................174 6.2. Undershoot vs. Processes ..............................................................................................................179 6.3. Phoneme, allophone, target, and processes ...................................................................................185 6.4. Missed targets................................................................................................................................187 6.2.1 Speech errors ...........................................................................................................................187 6.4.2 Articulatory avoidance ............................................................................................................188 Vowels in Standard Austrian German 6.5. Another look at invariance ............................................................................................................194 6.6. Prosodic analysis of variability......................................................................................................198
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