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Home , Cutaneous larva migrans, Dracunculiasis, Opisthorchis felineus, Visceral larva migrans

Index

A , 152 Agamonematodum migrans, 153 therapy, 17 , 53, 163 Anti-Leishmania antibodies, 36 Allopurinol, 38 Anti-leishmanial treatment, 39 Alpacas and llamas, 135 Auto infective cycle, 205 Alveococcus cyst, 116 Alveolar , 117, 119 Amastigotes, 35 B Aminoglycoside paromomycin, 53 Baermann technique, 210, 211 , 172 Benzimidazoles, 53, 60, 63, 152 , 148, 151, 169 febantel, 62 aberrant, 170 fenbendazole, 60 anthelmintic resistance, 173 Bilharziella polonica, 279 anthelmintic resistant, 176 B lymphocytes, 31 buccal capsule, 151 female, 148 disease, 152 C hypobiosis, 151 Canine , 169 hypobiotic L3, 150 Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) infective larvae, 152 clinical signs/laboratory findings, 37 life cycle stages, 148, 149 diagnosis, 34, 36 molecular diagnostics, 171 endemic regions, 34 multidrug-resistant, 176 ferritin, 34 muscular esophagus, 151 insecticides, 40 prevalence, 152 and renal failure, 34 skin penetrating larvae, 150 resistance/susceptibility, 31 , 153 stages, 39 treatment guidelines, 153 treatment, 38–40 zoonotic hookworms, 171 typical picture, 33 Anthelmintic resistance, 173, 174 Canis lupus familiaris development, 173, 176 abilities, 1 in greyhounds, 175 autosomes, 2 in hookworms, 175 breeds, 2

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to 285 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 C. Strube, H. Mehlhorn (eds.), Dog Parasites Endangering Health, Parasitology Research Monographs 13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53230-7 286 Index

Canis lupus familiaris (cont.) life cycle, 228 chromosomes, 2 Dirofilaria repens genome, 2 life cycle, 229 human cultures/religions, 2 Discrete typing units (DTUs), 75 life spans, 2 Disseminated , 208 wolves, 1 Dog epidemiology, 253 Central nervous system (CNS), 10 Dog dracunculiasis transmission, 255 Cephalic papillae, 246 Dogs and , 74, 76, 79, 82 European hard ticks and pathogens, 264 nutritional and metabolic disorders, 74 parasites and pathways, 263 Chari river basin, 257 symptoms of , 262 Chloroquine, 66 transmission, 261 Chronic strongyloidiasis, 209 Domestic livestock, 136 Clinical staging system, 38 Domestic transmission cycles, 80 Colonoscopy, 169 Domestic vector species, 86 Commercial vaccines, 40 Dracunculiasis, 243, 247, 249, 256 Community-wide insecticide spraying cases, countries, 252 campaigns, 94 definitive hosts, 247 Companion Parasite Council (CAPC), eradication, 257 50, 51 human and dog, 252 Complete blood count (CBC), 37 male and female worms, 247 cox1 sequences, 216 parasite, 248 C-reactive protein (CRP), 34 parasitic diseases, 247 Creeping eruption, 153, 160 transmission, 248 Cryptosporidiosis, 65 Dracunculoid , 244 Cucumber tape worm, 142 Dracunculosis, 246 Culling poultry, 256 medinensis Cutaneous migrans (CLM) life cycle, 254 follicular cases, 164 morphology, 246 in oral mucosal, 163 taxonomy, 244 in Philippines, 164 Dracunculus species, 248 prevention, 164 Drug treatment, 95 treatments, 163, 164 Cyclops, 247, 248 Cyst fertility, 132 E Cysticercoid larvae, 142 Echinococcus, 117 Cytology, 35, 36 diagnosis, 107 drugs lethality, 117 E. granulosus, 110, 114 D E. multilocularis, 115 Demographic surveys, 82 genotypes, 109 Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis geographic distribution, 108 (DUSN) molecular biological details, 107 causative worm, 162 multilocular cysts, 114 characteristic, 161 prophylaxis, 117 CLM, 162 protoscolices, 117 oral anthelmintics/laser mediated species distribution, 109 destruction, 161 specimens, 108 photocoagulation, 162 symptoms of disease, 115 size, 161 , 110–114, 123 SLO, 161 eggs, 110 subretinal space, 161 strains, 110 Dipylidium caninum, 143, 144 Echinococcus multilocularis, 114–116 Direct–indirect switch, 206 Echinocuccus granulosus Dirofilaria immitis, 228 Australia eggs, 126 Index 287

dingoes, 125 asymptomatic, 46 domestic benzimidazoles, 60 alpacas and llamas, 135 CAPC map, 50 annual financial, 134 CDC data, 48 in Australia, 136 cysts, 47 Australian sheep, 134 diagnosis, 46 cattle, 133 DNA identification, 46 domestic dogs, 133 drugs, 53 GDR, 134 drug therapy, 52 life cycle, 124 gastrointestinal upset, 48 prevalence, 125 literature, 50 sheep herding dogs, 124 mortality, 47 tapeworms, 124 nitroimidazoles, 54 transmission, 124, 125 oral vaccine, 52 Echocardiography, 79 outbreaks, 47 Egg package (EP), 144 people and dogs, 46, 52 Electrocardiographic surveys, 78 positive, 46, 50 Embryonation, 6 prevalence, 48 Entamoeba histolytica, 265 sewage treatment, 47 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), subclinical, 45 16, 166 treatment, 55, 63 , 209 ubiquitous nature, 50 Eosinophilic enteritis (EE), 165 Great Dividing Range (GDR), 134 A. caninum, 165, 168, 169 Greyhound breeding farms, 175, 176 Australian, 168 worm disease (GWD), 240 cause, 165 in , 240 diagnosing, 166, 167 crustacean intermediate , 242 hookworms, 170 D. medinensis, 240 percutaneous , 167 D. medinensis life cycle, 251 rarity, 165 dracunculiasis, 244 symptoms, 166, 169 in Egypt, 244 in the United States, 169 GWEP technical staff, 252 Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), 165 infection, 249 Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID), maintenance, 257 165 WHO, 241, 257 European Scientific Counsel Companion zoonotic character, 240 Animal Parasites (ESCCAP), 153 Guinea worm eradication, 256 Excretory–secretory (ES), 166 Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP), Exfoliative dermatitis, 32, 33 250, 251 Guinea worm infection, 253 reservoirs, 253 F transport hosts, 256 Febantel, 62 Guinea worm water-borne life cycle, 249 Fenbendazole, 60 First-stage larvae (L1), 202 Food-borne transmission, 255 H Free-living adult females, 202 Heartworm disease (HWD) Free-living adults, 202 asymptomatic, 229 Free-living males, 203 clinical presentations, 229 diagnosis, 230 prevention, 231 G Heterophyes, 274, 278 Gallbladder/bile ducts, 274 , 277 GenBank, 169 Heterophyes species, 274, 275 Giardia,61 Homogonic cycle 288 Index

Homogonic cycle (cont.) Leishmania infantum, 28, 29, 35 direct, 205 clinical findings, 32 indirect, 205 detection, 35 Hookworm disease, 151 epidemiology, 29 Hookworm-related cutaneous larva margin natural transmission, 30 (CLM/HrCLM), 154 pathogenesis, 30 A. braziliense, 155 Leishmaniases, 28 autochthonous, 155 Leishmaniosis, 28, 32, 34 chronic/persistent, 156 clinical signs, 29 creeping eruption, 154 enzootic, 31 ELISA, 157 visceral, 36 enigmatic case, 160 LeishVet association, 36 eosinophilia, 155 LeishVet stage I, 38 follicular, 156 LeishVet stage II, 38 hookworm larvae, 158 Life cycle, 110 hookworm species, 157 Löffler’s syndrome, 158, 159 optic disc edema, 160 presentations, 156 skin scraping, 157 M soil and/or sand, 154 Macropodid species, 127 in United States, 154 Megacolon and megaesophagus, 78 Host infectiousness, 89 Meglumine antimoniate, 38, 39 Host–parasite interactions, 198 Meningoencephalitis, 78 Human dirofilariosis, 233 , 53–55, 61, 66 pulmonary dirofilariosis, 233 Miltefosine, 38, 39 subcutaneous and ocular, 233 Mixed blood meals, 87 Human hydatid disease, 124 Molecular methods, 79, 80, 86 Human hydatidosis, 135 Moxidectin, 176 Human parasitic nematodes, 199 Myocardium, 78 Human toxocarosis, 10 Hydatid disease, 124, 128, 134 Hydatid infection, 133 N Hydatid larval stages, 110 Natural Guinea worm infections, 244 Hyperinfection syndrome, 208, 209, 211 Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), 196 Hypobiosis, 150 Neurotoxocarosis (NT), 10, 13 Hypobiotic larvae, 150 dopamine system, 13 murine and human, 13 parenchymal damage and haemorrhagic I lesions, 14 Immune-mediated mechanisms, 31 pathogenesis, 13 Indirect hemagglutination assays, 79 Nitazoxanide, 64 Infectiousness, 88, 89 Nitroimidazoles, 54 Infective third-stage larvae (iL3), 200, 202 metronidazole, 54 ronidazole, 60 secnidazole, 59 K tinidazole and ornidazole, 54 kDNA PCR assays, 36 Nonoverlapping transmission cycles, 92

L O Lagomorphs, 132 Ocular larva migrans (OLM) syndrome, 10, 12 Laparotomy, 165, 166 clinical indication, 12 Leishmania donovani,28 symptomatology, 12 Index 289

Oncosphaera larva, 142 Schistosomatid species, 281 , 274 Schistosomatid trematodes, 277 , 274, 276 diagnosis, 279 Opisthorchis tenuicollis, 275 SDS-PAGE analysis, 15 Ornidazole, 54 Secnidazole, 59 Ornithobilharzia species, 279 Serological cross-reactivity, 36 Oxfendazole, 63 Serological tests, 16 Sex determination, 206 Sexual and asexual reproduction, 203 P Small ribosomal SubUnit (SSU), 214 Parasitic infections, 16 Strongylid nematodes, 173 Parasitic nematodes, 173 Strongyloides, 204, 214 Parastrongyloides, 204 life cycle, 196 Peracute hookworm disease, 151 Strongyloides intestinalis, 196 Peridomestic transmission cycles, 80 Strongyloides planiceps, 217 Peripheral blood eosinophilia (PE), 165 Strongyloides stercoralis Phlebotomine sand flies, 28 detection, 209 , 196 diagnosis, 209 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, 29 diagnostic methods, 197 -medicated baits, 136 epidemiology, 198 Pre-molecular era, 213 human-derived, 213 Protoscolices, 110 infections, 199, 213 Pseudorhabditis stercoralis, 196 life cycle, 200 Pulmonary dirofilariosis, 233 life history, 197 Pyrantel resistance, 174 medical importance, 198 Pyrethroids, 94 morphology, 197, 199 parasitic adult females, 200 parasitic worms, 201 Q prevalence, 198, 212 Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), 88 risk factors, 198 Quantitative serological test, 39 sub-clades, 215 Quinacrine, 53, 65 symptoms, 209 Quinolines, 65 transplantation centers, 212 chloroquine, 66 treatment, 211 quinacrine, 65 Strongyloidiasis hyperinfection syndrome, 208 infection, 207 R parasitic adults, 196 Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 132 review articles, 197 Ravuconazole, 95 Subcutaneous and ocular dirofilariosis, 233 Reproduction Subcutaneous dirofilariosis (SCD), 231, 233 in free-living generations, 204 Sylvatic transmission cycles, 80 in parasitic adults, 203 Residual house spraying, 94 Reverse , 240 T Rhabditiform, 202 Tapeworms Rhabdonema strongyloides, 196 developmental cycle, 142 Ronidazole, 60 diagnosis, 144 geographic distribution/epidemiology, 141 infectious cysticercoid larvae, 144 S Latin name, 141 Sandworm eruption, 155 parasitizes, 141 Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), 161 symptoms, 143 290 Index

Tapeworms (cont.) Triatominae, 84 terminal proglottids, 141 Triatomine host-feeding patterns, 84 Tasmanian hydatid control campaign, 135 Triatomine species, 85 T-helper 1 (Th1) response, 30 Trichobilharzia species, 277, 279 Thiabendazole, 163 Tropical Institute in Bukhara, 250 Thoracic radiography, 79 Tropical lifestyle, 167 Threadworm, 196 Trypanosoma caninum,77 Tinidazole Trypanosoma cruzi and ornidazole, 54 canine infections, 78 chronic infections, 79 ascarid infection, 6 consumption, 76 biological characteristics, 6 diversity, 74 control and prevention, 18 dogs seropositive, 79 definitive hosts, 6 domestic transmission, 90, 91 development, 7 DTU and clinical presentation, 75 diagnosis, 15 eco-epidemiology, 75 distribution, 8 genotypes, 89 embryonated, 6 host infection, 75 and immune cells/immune-related human infection, 74 compounds, 14 infection, 77, 87 larvae, 6, 14 infectiousness, 88, 89 life cycle, 9 insect vector and mammalian host, 75 migration route, 10 peridomestic transmission, 90 tracheal migration, 7 prevalence, 87 transmission routes, 8 reservoir hosts, 74, 80, 81 treatment, 17 residual effects, 94 VLM, 11 sentinels of exposure, 90 Toxocara eggs, 8 spatial distribution, 90 Toxocara-infected paratenic hosts, 10 sylvatic sources, 90 Toxocarosis, 6, 11, 12, 18 transmission, 75, 81, 93 Toxoplasma gondii, 265 transmission cycles, 74 Transmission trypomastigotes, 75 eco-epidemiology vaccine, 95 demographic surveys, 82 vector-mediated and oral infections, 76 dog demography, 82 zoonotic infection, 74 host conditions, 82 Trypanosomatids, 76 host-feeding patterns, 84 prevalence, 87 Transmission cycles U domestic, 80 Urine protein/creatinine (UPC) ratio, 37 molecular epidemiology molecular methods, 92 overlapping transmission cycle, 92 V sympatric transmission cycles, 93 Vector-borne diseases, 235 peridomestic, 80 Vector-borne infectious disease, 31 sylvatic, 80 Vector control strategy, 94 Transplacental/intrauterine transmission, 7 Vector–host contact rates, 88 Trans-sialidase inhibition assay, 79 Vector-mediated zoonoses, 74 Trematodes (VLM), 11 diagnosis, 276 characteristics, 12 geographic distribution/epidemiology, 274 classical, 11 prophylaxis, 276 clinical picture, 11 Index 291

syndrome, 10 water buffalo, 130 Visceral leishmaniosis, 28 wombats, 128 Wombats, 128

W Water-borne transmission, 247, 248 X Wild dogs, urban environments Xenodiagnosis in Australia, 126 and hemoculture, 78 camels, donkeys and horses, 131 Xenointoxication, 94 deer, 130 feral cats, 127 feral pigs, 132 Z foxes, 126, 127 Zooanthroponosis, 240 goats, 131 Zoonosis, 240 macropodid marsupials, 127, 128 Zoonotic infections, 248, 257 residents living, 126