M01510 INTERN HYSICS 63 DGCRCE 0001 POTTER Kei th COURIER IF «1 MP* * Jap SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS TOMORROW'S WEB COMPASS COURSE Postcards from the island of Looking into the Internet's Catering for enormous nuclear stability pl8 crystal ball p26 data appetites p22 Pour toutes informations, merci de contacter: • au CFME ACTIM Direction des Expositions et de la Presse technique a I'Etranger Monsieur Gerard FARGEAS Tel.: (33) 1 40 73 32 47 Email: [email protected] Fax: (33) 1 40 73 39 69 Madame Corinne GAVALDA Tel.: (33) 1 40 73 39 20 Email: [email protected] au CERN Madame C.L. JULLIEN WORINGER Tel.: (41) 22 767 37 22 Email: [email protected] Fax: (41) 22 767 74 50 CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to Member State governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly except January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. CERN Editor: Gordon Fraser CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (22) 782 1906 Web http://www.cerncourier.com News editor: James Gillies COURIER VOLUME 39 NUMBER 7 SEPTEMBER 1999 Advisory Board: R Landua (Chairman), F Close, E Lillest0l, H Hoffmann, C Johnson, K Potter, PSphicas Laboratory correspondents: Argonne National Laboratory (USA): D Ayres Brookhaven, National Laboratory (USA): PYamin Cornell University (USA): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany): Ilka Flegel, PWaloschek Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (USA): Judy Jackson GSI Darmstadt (Germany): G Siegert INFN (Italy): A Pascolini X-.-. ,•>'.•, . IHEP, Beijing (China): Qi Nading Jefferson Laboratory (USA): S Corneliussen JINR Dubna (Russia): B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan): A Maki Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (USA): B Fein berg Particles and the universe p40 Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA): C Hoffmann CP violation measurements p6 Synthesis of element 118 p!8 NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands): Margriet van der Heijden Novosibirsk Institute (Russia): S Eidelman Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz News PSI Laboratory (Switzerland): P-R Kettle Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Jacky Hutchinson KEK: initial B for BELLE. NA48 measures direct CP violation. Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci Jefferson free-electron laser exceeds kilowatt. LEP achieves its first IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia): Yu Ryabov Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (USA): M Riordan century. RHICgold particles complete lap of ring. Beijing tests TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): M K Craddock complete precision measurement. Management practice for the Produced for CERN by Institute of Physics global village. PANIC99 conference in Uppsala. Electrons and nuclei Publishing Ltd IOP Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, meet at HERA. A decade celebrated at Dubna. Physicists study photon Bristol BS16BE, UK structure. From Russia with load. Tel. +44 (0)117 929 7481 E-mail [email protected] Web http://www.iop.org Physicswatch 13 Publishing director: Mark Ware Publisher: Mark Wormald Astrowatch 15 Art director: Andrew Giaquinto Production controller: Kate Boothby Production editor: Teresa Ryan Features Technical illustrator: Alison Tovey Sales manager: Harvey Stockbridge Nuclear treasure island 18 Advertising manager: Jo Nicholas More superheavy elements Classified sales: Chris Thomas Advertisement production: Katie Graham Product manager: So-Mui Cheung COMPASS course to future computing 22 Advertising: Jo Nicholas or Chris Thomas 21st-century data handling arrives Tel. +44 (0)117 930 1026 E-mail [email protected] Fax +44 (0)117 930 1178 Weaving a better tomorrow: the future of the Web 26 General distribution: Jacques Dallemagne, CERN, 1211 Geneva Conference looks at the future of the World Wide Web 23, Switzerland. E-mail [email protected] In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: Pakistani physics 29 China: Chen Huaiwei, Institute of High Energy Physics, P.O. Box Physics and contemporary needs in Pakistan 918, Beijing, People's Republic of China Germany: Gabriela Heessel or Astrid Nagel, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg 52 Looking for Higgs and supersymmetry 30 Italy: Mrs Pieri or Mrs Montanari, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Are the missing particles just around the corner? Frascati, Roma United Kingdom: Su Lockley, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire 0X11OQX K for KLOE and Z for Zweig 32 USA/Canada: Janice Voss, Creative Mailing Services, P.O. Box 1147, St Charles, Illinois 60174. Tel. 630-377-1589. Fax 630-377-1569 Remembering a fascinating chapter of particle physics history Published by: European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tel. +41 (22) 767 6111 Letters/Bookshelf 35 Telefax +41 (22) 767 65 55 USA: Controlled Circulation Periodicals postage paid at St Charles, People 37 Illinois Printed by: Warners (Midlands) pic, Bourne, Lines, UK New products 42 © 1999 CERN 43 ISSN 0304-288X Recruitment Cover: The Japanese KEKB electron-positron collider (p5). CERN Courier September 1999 3 CBS tNfWDUGBZ: w wew member of w p\j\c mm PWC 902S: ihb mam conpmis miAcenem to* we W<2 92£0122S1 "ST VME TRANSPARENT MAPPING IN THE PCI MEMORY SPACE K8= VME TRANSPARENT SLOT 1 AND ARBITER FULL VME MASTER / SLAVE «• SUPPORT D&, D16, D32, D64, DIRECT TRANSFERS "a* ON-BOARD VME LINKED LIST DMA CONTROLLER WC 722S: m PCI memos fok ihb 902S - m SUN, HP, J>Bd, MA& m P& KS5 DIRECT SINGLE SHOT AND DMA TRANSFERS «• ON-BOARD PCI MMU «" ON-BOARD PCI CHAINED DMA CONTROLLER is? GENERIC C LIBRARY Windows-NT & LINUX cs- DRIVERS FOR WINDOWS NT, MACOS, SOLARIS, DIGITAL drivers UNIX, HPUX we QPIO: fi Qtmm PURPOSE (a/put / Output PMC ^ STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER TIMER AND COUNTER osr 32-BIT INPUT / OUTPUTS TTL OR DIFF «• MULTIPLE PS 465 LINES RS 232 / RS 422 UP TO 6 GP\Os CONNECTED ON A SINGLE RI02 WITH PMC CARRIER BOARDS EXTENSION CISP PROGRAMMING KIT FOR FP(3A EQUATIONS «sr LYNXOS AND VXWORKS DRIVERS FOR RI02 FAMILY Ron N 11589-01 CES Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41-22 792 57 45 Fax: +41-22 792 57 48 EMail: [email protected] CES.D Germany Tel: +49-60 51 96 97 4 Fax: +49-60 51 96 97 38 CES Creative Electronic Systems SA, 70 Route du Pont-Butin, CH-1213 Petit-Lancy 1, Switzerland Internet: http://www.ces.ch CREATIVE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS NEWS 0.5 m/min, taking about 30 min to complete the "long trip". Beam tuning resumed on 25 KEK: initial B for BELLE May and collisions were achieved on 1 June. Initially, currents in both beams were kept below 20 mA to guard against radiation dam­ ft age to the BELLE detector's silicon vertex detector. Beam currents have subsequently been increased to more than 100 mA. Prior to establishing collisions, a potentially harmful 0.45 Hz vertical beam vibration was observed in the low-energy positron ring.This was tracked down to tiny magnetic fields produced by current leads running between the power supply and the main ring of KEK's 12 GeV proton synchrotron.These leads pass through a channel above the KEKB tunnel 8 m The Japanese KEKB electron-positron collider. This picture shows the injection point of the from the beam pipes. electron beam. From the right, 8 GeV electrons arrive through the beamline with light-green The proton synchrotron is currently dipole and orange quadrupole magnets, and enter the high-energy ring with blue providing a neutrino beam directed at the quadrupole magnets. A couple of ARES radiofrequency accelerating cavities for the low- Super-Kamiokande detector, 250 km distant, energy 3.5 GeV positron ring are also visible. KEKB is in the 3 km tunnel, which formerly for the high-priority K2K experiment, which is housed the TRISTAN electron-positron collider. searching for confirmatory evidence for the neutrino oscillations reported by the Super-K The BELLE group last year. detector at the Fortunately for BELLE, KEKB's first time slot collision point of for electron-positron collisions coincided with the KEKB collider. a maintenance day for the proton synchrotron, The endplates resulting in the successful test run of 1 June remain open while The troublesome stray fields have since been a technician works reduced substantially by reconfiguring the on the control box proton synchrotron's power leads. of the cryogenic In addition to providing BELLE data, the quadrupole successful test run verifies a number of novel magnet for the KEKB design features - the finite-angle beam final focus. crossing did not result in beam-destroying synchro-betatron oscillations, and the growth On 1 June, after five years of planning and five (HER) on 13 December and in the positron times of the instability due to fundamental years of construction, the BELLE detector ring(LER) on 14 January. After several inter­ mode shifts in the ARES energy storage radio- recorded its first B meson events at the KEKB ruptions, scheduled and unscheduled, the frequency cavities were longer than the electron-positron B-factory inTsukuba, Japan. stored currents rose to 500 mA, correspond­ natural damping times of the storage rings. During this first run, all BELLE systems were ing to 20 and 50% of the designed values of KEKB has achieved stable collisions with active, including the electron-identification LER and HER respectively, by mid-April. design values of single-bunch currents.The software, which saw a CP-violating candidate The limiting factors are currently believed to next goal is to increase the number of decay into a J/psi and a short-lived kaon, with be radiofrequency power for HER and vertical bunches and boost the luminosity towards the the former producing an electron-positron beam blow-up due to a multibunch instability. design figure of 1034 cm2 s"1. As the number pair.This marks the real start of the KEKB Of the two major unscheduled breaks experi­ of ampere-hours of integrated beam current in factory and its quest to investigate the puzzle enced so far, the first was provoked by a false the machine increases, the vacuum in the of CP violation.