Narrative Space and Spatial Transference in Jacob and Wilhelm Grimmʼs Fairy Tales
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Narrative space and spatial transference in Jacob and Wilhelm Grimmʼs fairy tales Kujundžić, Nada Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2020 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Filozofski fakultet https://doi.org/10.17234/diss.2020.7469 Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:131:390050 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-06 Repository / Repozitorij: ODRAZ - open repository of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Sveučilište u Zagrebu Sveučilište u Turkuu Filozofski fakultet Fakultet humanističkih znanosti Nada Kujundžić NARRATIVE SPACE AND SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE IN JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMMʼS FAIRY TALES MEĐUNARODNI DVOJNI DOKTORAT ZNANOSTI Zagreb, 2020. Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Nada Kujundžić NARRATIVE SPACE AND SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE IN JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMMʼS FAIRY TALES INTERNATIONAL DUAL DOCTORATE Supervisors: Professor Emeritus Pekka Hakamies Associate Professor Marijana Hameršak Zagreb, 2020 Filozofski fakultet Fakultet humanističkih znanosti Nada Kujundžić PRIPOVJEDNI PROSTOR I PROSTORNO PREMJEŠTANJE U BAJKAMA JACOBA I WILHELMA GRIMMA MEĐUNARODNI DVOJNI DOKTORAT ZNANOSTI Mentori: profesor emeritus Pekka Hakamies doc.dr.sc. Marijana Hameršak Zagreb, 2020. About the Supervisors Supervisors: Professor Emeritus Pekka Hakamies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Associate Professor Marijana Hameršak, Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research, Zagreb, Croatia Thesis advisors (co-supervisors) at the University of Turku: Professor Emerita Liisa Steinby, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Professor Karin Kukkonen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Pekka Hakamies is Professor Emeritus of Folkloristics at the University of Turku. He worked at the University of Joensuu for 22 years and moved to his professor post at the University of Turku in 2006. He has been the Editor-in-Chief of the series Folklore Fellows Communications (FFC) and the FF Network from 2010 until 2018. His research interests include the modernisation of folk culture in the Soviet Karelia, ethnic identity on the Karelian-Finnish border area, heritage, Kalevala poetry, and paremiology. He also studies the told memories and experiences of Soviet citizens as they arrived in the regions and homes deserted by Finns in the areas of Karelia ceded to the Soviet Union as a result of the Second World War (edited volume Moving in the USSR: Western anomalies and Northern wilderness, 2005). With Anneli Honko he edited Theoretical Milestones. Selected Writings of Lauri Honko (2013) and with Anne Heimo Folklore in the Digital Age (2019). He has held numerous positions of trust at universities and within scientific societies. Marijana Hameršak is a senior Research Associate at the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research in Zagreb and a titular Assistant Professor at the University of Zagreb. She graduated in Comparative Literature and General Linguistics from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb in 2000, and earned her PhD at the same Faculty in 2008 with the thesis Formations of Childhood and Transformations of Fairy Tales in Croatian Children’s Literature. Her research interests include the history and anthropology of childhood and children’s literature, material and institutional aspects of literature, popular culture, folklore, folklore studies, and migration. She is one of the editors of the Nova etnografija (New ethnography) book series of the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research. She is the author of Pričalice: o povijesti djetinjstva i bajke (2011) and co-author of Uvod u dječju književnost (with Dubravka Zima, 2015). With Suzana Marjanić she edited Folkloristička čitanka (2010), and with Iva Pleše and Ana-Marija Vukušić Proizvodnja baštine: kritičke studije o nematerijalnoj kulturi (2013). With Emina Bužinkić she edited Formation and Disintegration of the Balkan Refugee Corridor (Zagreb – Munich, 2018). Karin Kukkonen is Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Oslo. She is the convenor of the research and education initiative Literature, Cognition and Emotions (LCE), an interdisciplinary hub that brings together literary studies, linguistics, psychology, and neurosciences in a new conversation about literature. In 2019, she was awarded the first University of Osloʼs Young Researchers Prize. Her research interests include narratology, poetics, eighteenth-century literature, comics and graphic novels, and cognitive literary study. She is the author of Studying Comics and Graphic Novels (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), Contemporary Comics Storytelling (University of Nebraska Press, 2013), A Prehistory of Cognitive Poetics: Neoclassicism and the Novel (Oxford University Press, 2017), 4E Cognition and Eighteenth-Century Fiction: How the Novel Found its Feet (Oxford University Press, 2019), and Probability Designs: Literature and Predictive Processing (Oxford University Press, 2020). Liisa Steinby is Professor Emerita of Comparative Literature at the University of Turku. Her research interests include aspects of modernity in the novel from the eighteenth century to the present. Her single-authored book publications include Der postindividualistische Roman (1994), Nietzsche als Roman. Über die Sinnkonstituierung in Thomas Manns Doktor Faustus (1996), Erzählstruktur und Bildungsroman. Wielands Geschichte des Agathon, Goethes Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (2004), Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre und die Entstehung des modernen Zeitbewusstseins (2005), Kundera and Modernity (2013), and Imagining the Absolute. Myth in the Modern Novel (in press). She has also published twenty-one edited volumes – including Bakhtin and His Others (with Tintti Klapuri, 2013) and Narrative Concepts in the Study of Eighteenth-Century Literature (with Aino Mäkikalli, 2017) – in addition to more than one hundred scholarly articles. She was the Vice-President of the International Herder Society from 2017–2018 and its President from 2019–2020. Sažetak U doktorskom se radu istražuju pripovjedni prostor i prostorno premještanje u bajkama objavljenim u zbirci Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Djetinje i kućne bajke, 1857.) Jacoba i Wilhelma Grimma. Korpus istraživanja, koji obuhvaća 215 žanrovski raznolikih tekstova, podijeljen je na dva djela: primarni korpus, koji obuhvaća bajke, te sekundarni korpus, koji obuhvaća priče o životinjama, poučne priče, etiološke priče, (usmene) pripovijetke, formulne priče, predaje, legende, vjerske priče i šaljive priče. Sekundarni korpus omogućava poredbenu analizu bajke i drugih kratkih proznih žanrova. Tema pripovjednog prostora u bajkama podzastupljena je u znanstvenoj literaturi, gdje se prostor bajke uglavnom tretira kao pasivna pozadina zbivanja koja ni na koji način ne utječe na njihov razvoj, te postoji naprosto jer se radnja mora negdje odvijati. Ovakav stav donekle je razumljiv s obzirom na dugotrajan manjak interesa za prostorne teme u humanističkim i društvenim znanstvenima (prije tzv. prostornog obrata), kao i slabo definirane prostorne parametre koje nudi sama bajke. Naime, u svom tradicionalnom obliku, bajka kao jezično ekonomičan žanr uglavnom izbjegava sve što izravno ne pridonosi razvoju radnje, poput opisa likova ili okoline. Postojeća istraživanja uglavnom naglašavaju apstraktnu, slabo definiranu prirodu prostora bajke ili su usmjerena na njegova simbolička i metaforička značenja. U središtu zanimanja stoga nije prostor kao takav, već kao izvor informacija o značenju priče ili drugim pripovjednim elementima (npr. likovima). Za razliku od dosadašnjih istraživanja, ovaj doktorski rad pripovjedni prostor bajke razumije kao materijalnu, trodimenzionalnu okolinu te autonoman i nužan pripovjedni element koji je značajan sam po sebi. U središtu istraživanja su struktura prostora bajke, njegova prezentacija (tj. pripovjedne i jezične strategije kojima se prenose informacije o prostoru) i opće odlike. Osim pripovjednim prostorom, doktorski se rad bavi i prostornim premještanjem koje je glavni preduvjet za ostvarivanje kontakta između ljudskog protagonista i čarobnog, što se pak smatra ključnom osobinom žanra bajke. Nadalje, premještanje omogućava povezivanje pojedinih lokaliteta u širu prostornu mrežu. Istraživanje je smješteno unutar teorijskog okvira tzv. istraživanja ili studija o bajkama (fairy-tale studies), te metodološko-analitičkog okvira naratologije. Pritom ne slijedi jedinstveni pravac unutar istraživanja bajke, već sistematizira znanje nastalo unutar različitih teorijskih orijentacija. Od osobite važnosti za ovo istraživanje radovi su Maxa Lüthija i Alfreda Messerlija (istraživanja o bajkama), te Marie-Laure Ryan i Katrin Dennerlein (naratologija). Analiza strukture pripovjednog prostora oslanja se na model koji je ponudila Marie-Laure Ryan, sastavljen od pet prostornih jedinica: prostornog okvira, smjestišta (eng. setting), prostora priče, pripovjednog svijeta i pripovjednog svemira. Primjena ovog modela na analizu bajke otkrila je slojevitost njenog pripovjednog prostora i složenost procesa njegove konstrukcije, koji se odvija kroz kontinuirano pregovaranja između čitatelja i teksta. Kako bi ovaj opći model prilagodilo istraživanju bajke, istraživanje ga je dopunilo novom kategorijom domene, koja obuhvaća prostore u kojima je na snazi određeni sustav prirodnih zakona. Bajka se sastoji od dvije domene: ne-čarobne („realistične“) i čarobne. Samo po sebi,