DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction. Fish provide direct benefits to people in developing countries at the most basic level. It serves as a primary food source as well as a source of economic security. Fish is a healthy source of protein and for many developing nations fish are the first or second largest export commodity. Freshwater fishes are the most important source of animal protein for some African populations. In less than 50 years the world’s average per capita consumption of fish has almost doubled. With the influx of many poor to the cities the supply of low-value fish has increased to fulfill the needs of this rapidly expanding group. However, the world fish population is being decimated by unsound economic and environmental practices. Different cultural views of fishing can also lead to the extinction of species. Fish also contributes to the economies of developing countries through tourism and recreation. Southern Africa covers 16% of the continent, but the freshwater fish fauna comprises less than 10% of the total African freshwater fish fauna. There are also 18 alien fish species (about 6% of the total fauna), in southern African freshwaters (Skelton, 2001). Some 2400 siluriform species are distributed in all continents, mainly Africa, Asia and America (Agnèse et al., 1990). Amongst the 3500 fish species described from Africa, about 500 belong to the order Siluriformes, commonly named "catfish". Amongst the 10 freshwater catfish families occurring in Africa, five are endemic to this continent namely Claroteidae, Amphiliidae, Austroglanididae, Malapteruridae and Mochokidae (Skelton, 2001). The Mochokidae is the largest African catfish family with 10 genera and approximately 170 species. Two distinctly different genera with 17 species occur in southern Africa: the squeakers (Synodontis Cuvier, 1816) and the suckermouth catlets (Chiloglanis Peters,1868). After the cyprinid genus Barbus (>300 species) and the cichlid genus Haplochromis (>200 species), Synodontis is the third most diverse African freshwater fish genus with respect to species richness (CLOFFA, 1984; 1986 1991). Synodontis species are popularly known as squeakers on account of the sounds they make when removed from the water, and comprises more than 120 species. A simple classification of the catfishes is given followed by a study of the history of their taxonomy. 1 Chapter 1 1.2. TAXONOMY AND HISTORY The earliest known record of the small African catfishes comes from wall pictures in the Tomb of Ti near Saqqara, Egypt, painted during the 4th dynasty, circa. 2400 BC (Von den Driesh, 1983). Synodontis was officially introduced into the taxonomic literature at the very beginnings of zoological nomenclature with the description of S. clarias in the 10th edition of Linnaeus' (1758) "Systema Naturae". By 1916, Boulenger confirmed the existence of 50 Synodontis species from specimens in the British Museum. Vaillant (1895; 1896) revised the genus and for the next half- century the general format and content of Synodontis descriptions changed little from that adopted by Vaillant in 1896. However Barnard (1948) questioned the validity of characters traditionally used in identification of southern African Synodontis species. These characters include the number of mandibular teeth, the presence of nodules on the anterior margin of maxillary barbels, the humeral process shape and the length of the maxillary barbels. In 1967 Jubb attributed the above-mentioned inadequacies to the small sample size studied and the lack of knowledge of the variation of diagnostic features, particularly colour pattern. For example, four of the nominal species described from the Zambezi System were assigned names which referred specifically to colour pattern, namely S. nigromaculatus Boulenger 1905, S. leopardinus Pellegrin 1914, S. macrostigma Boulenger 1911 and S. nebulosus Peters 1852. Farquharson (1969) confined his revision to southern African species. This revision represents the first attempt to evaluate certain characters traditionally used in Synodontis taxonomy. In 1971 Poll revise the taxonomy but the sample size of his revision was too small and consisted rarely of more than four specimens in each description. The most recent revision of this genus using morphological characters 2 Chapter 1 was by Poll (1971). This review was of the whole genus, of which most species are tropical in distribution. This revision dealt mainly with material originating from central Africa and descriptions of species from other parts of the continent were often based on few specimens and sometimes even on only the type material. According to the most recent assessment (Gosse, 1986) there are 108 Synodontis species, with an additional two species that has since been described by Paugy (1987). In a comprehensive review of the southern African Synodontis species, White (1987) recognised 10 species of which Skelton and White (1990) subsequently described two. Skelton (1993) published a complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa and a second edition is now available (Skelton, 2001). The biographical history of the geographical distribution of Synodontis species is summerised below. 1.3. BIOGEOGRAPHY DISTRIBUTION The genus Synodontis is endemic to Africa with the southern limit of this distribution the Pongolo River in South Africa. Synodontis is also characterised by a high degree of specific endemism with 73 of the present recognised 108 species known form a single drainage basin (Poll, 1973). The distribution of the remaining 35 species is very variable (White, 1987). Roberts (1975) recognised ten ichthyofaunal provinces throughout the African continent. The southern-most province area includes the entire hydrographic basins of the Cunene, Okavango and Zambezi and the east-flowing rivers southwards to the Pongolo River. Skelton (1994) presented a biographic model for the Zambezian fauna based on reconstructed history of hydrographic developments. The model proposes that the fauna developed into two main arenas (western and eastern) and that drainage development within these arenas resulted in the modern day faunal composition. The traditional view of African fishes considers the faunas of eastern and southern Africa to be closely related. Boulenger (1905) laid the ground for the view that the freshwater fishes of South Africa were immigrant from the North. Bowmaker et al. (1978) considered that catfishes entered Northeast Africa from Asia and “washed their way southward down the eastern side of the continent”. The geomorphological division of Africa came in consideration in 1975 when Roberts 3 Chapter 1 drew attention to the “Low” and “High” Africa respectively as mentioned by King (1962). Skelton (1994) suggest that ichthyofaunal evolution in "High" Africa has taken place largely within the bounds of the region, that the foundations of each fauna were established at an early stage (by the mid-tertiary), and that the modern distributions are a result of drainage evolution within the region. In Skelton’s (1994) view there is no evidence to support a series of north to south invasion waves of freshwater fishes, except in local content. The general individual distribution patterns grouped into the following category: Endemic (referring to the Zambezi Province); species confined to western-sector drainage include S. leopardinus, S. macrostigma, S. macrostoma, S. thamalakanensis, S. woosnami and S. vanderwaali (Skelton, 1994). These species all have a convex humeral process. This brings together all five of the species coexisting in the Okavango basin. Synodontis nebulosus (convex humeral process) is an endemic species confined to eastern-sector drainages. Synodontis nigromaculatus is a non-endemic species confined to western-sector drainages. This species has a concave humeral process. Skelton (1994) suggests that the large number of species of different families in the western-sector drainages clearly show that the region has been a strong evolutionary center over time. This is supported and reinforced by the S. nigromaculatus species which are confined to rivers or parts of rivers which formerly were part of the “greater western-Zambezi” system and were diverted later by river capture (Skelton, 1994). Grouped together with S. nigromaculatus is S. zambezensis (concave humeral process), a non-endemic species confined to the eastern-sector. The genus Synodontis is introduced below. 1.4 THE GENUS Synodontis Typically Synodontis species are moderate-sized catfishes (reaching up to 150 mm standard length), with a strong bony cranium and a stout serrated spine in the dorsal and each pectoral fin (Skelton and White, 1990). These fishes are mainly bentic and are present all over tropical Africa. The limited data available on their ethology is remarkable and include cuckoo behavior in egg laying, upside down swimming and communication through electric and acoustic signals. The pectoral spines are used to create sounds, which are often audible to the human ear. According to Jubb 4 Chapter 1 (1967) the squeaking sounds are made by the pectoral fins moving in their sockets. The dorsal and pectoral spines are used as a defensive apparatus. In addition to the presence of strong dorsal and pectoral spines, the fishes are also characterised by having a big adipose fin and especially by the branched barbels that is a unique character for the genus (Teugels, 1996). Two of the prominent morphological features are the pigment patterns and the form of the humeral process. The distinguishing characters of Synodontis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of Primary and Secondary Production in Lake Kariba in a Changing Climate
    AN ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PRODUCTION IN LAKE KARIBA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE MZIME R. NDEBELE-MURISA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor Philosophiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape Supervisor: Prof. Charles Musil Co-Supervisor: Prof. Lincoln Raitt May 2011 An analysis of primary and secondary production in Lake Kariba in a changing climate Mzime Regina Ndebele-Murisa KEYWORDS Climate warming Limnology Primary production Phytoplankton Zooplankton Kapenta production Lake Kariba i Abstract Title: An analysis of primary and secondary production in Lake Kariba in a changing climate M.R. Ndebele-Murisa PhD, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape Analysis of temperature, rainfall and evaporation records over a 44-year period spanning the years 1964 to 2008 indicates changes in the climate around Lake Kariba. Mean annual temperatures have increased by approximately 1.5oC, and pan evaporation rates by about 25%, with rainfall having declined by an average of 27.1 mm since 1964 at an average rate of 6.3 mm per decade. At the same time, lake water temperatures, evaporation rates, and water loss from the lake have increased, which have adversely affected lake water levels, nutrient and thermal dynamics. The most prominent influence of the changing climate on Lake Kariba has been a reduction in the lake water levels, averaging 9.5 m over the past two decades. These are associated with increased warming, reduced rainfall and diminished water and therefore nutrient inflow into the lake. The warmer climate has increased temperatures in the upper layers of lake water, the epilimnion, by an overall average of 1.9°C between 1965 and 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Gill Parasites of Synodontis Spp. (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) from Côte D’Ivoire Enoutchy F
    Three new species of Synodontella (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae), gill parasites of Synodontis spp. (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) from Côte d’Ivoire Enoutchy F. Bouah, Valentin N’douba, Antoine Pariselle To cite this version: Enoutchy F. Bouah, Valentin N’douba, Antoine Pariselle. Three new species of Synodontella (Mono- genea, Ancyrocephalidae), gill parasites of Synodontis spp. (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) from Côte d’Ivoire. Parasite, EDP Sciences, 2019, 26, pp.45. 10.1051/parasite/2019044. hal-02968678 HAL Id: hal-02968678 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02968678 Submitted on 16 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Parasite 26, 45 (2019) Ó E. Bouah et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019044 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC92E481-4FF7-4DD8-B7C9-9F192F373D2E Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Three new species of Synodontella (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae), gill parasites of Synodontis spp. (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) from Coˆ te d’Ivoire Enoutchy F. Bouah1, Valentin N’Douba1, and Antoine Pariselle2,3,* 1 Laboratory of Hydrobiology, UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouët Boigny University, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire 2 ISEM, Univ.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish, Various Invertebrates
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Jlb Smith Institute of Ichthyology
    ISSN 0075-2088 J.L.B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY GRAHAMSTOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 56 SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN FRESHWATER FISHES by Paul H. Skelton November 1993 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS o f THE J.L.B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY The Institute publishes original research on the systematics, zoogeography, ecology, biology and conservation of fishes. Manuscripts on ancillary subjects (aquaculture, fishery biology, historical ichthyology and archaeology pertaining to fishes) will be considered subject to the availability of publication funds. Two series are produced at irregular intervals: the Special Publication series and the Ichthyological Bulletin series. Acceptance of manuscripts for publication is subject to the approval of reviewers from outside the Institute. Priority is given to papers by staff of the Institute, but manuscripts from outside the Institute will be considered if they are pertinent to the work of the Institute. Colour illustrations can be printed at the expense of the author. Publications of the Institute are available by subscription or in exchange for publi­ cations of other institutions. Lists of the Institute’s publications are available from the Publications Secretary at the address below. INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Manuscripts shorter than 30 pages will generally be published in the Special Publications series; longer papers will be considered for the Ichthyological Bulletin series. Please follow the layout and format of a recent Bulletin or Special Publication. Manuscripts must be submitted in duplicate to the Editor, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa. The typescript must be double-spaced throughout with 25 mm margins all round.
    [Show full text]
  • IUCN Bibliography (1299).Wpd
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume IV : Bibliography i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME IV Bibliography Page ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................ 1 1 Introduction .................................................................. 1 2 Preparation of bibliography ......................................... 1 3 Results ......................................................................... 2 4 References ................................................................... 3 5 Annotated bibliography ......................... ..................... 5 A ................................................................ 5 B ................................................................ 8 C ................................................................ 18 D ................................................................ 23 E ................................................................ 28 F ................................................................ 29 G ................................................................ 31 H ................................................................ 34 I ................................................................ 41 J ................................................................ 42 K ................................................................ 46 L ................................................................ 48 M ................................................................ 50 N ................................................................ 60 O ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Barotse Floodplain
    Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA DETAILED ASSESSMENT, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) STUDY Public Disclosure Authorized FOR THE IMPROVED USE OF PRIORITY TRADITIONAL CANALS IN THE BAROTSE SUB-BASIN OF THE ZAMBEZI ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT Public Disclosure Authorized ASSESSMENT Final Report October 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized 15 juillet 2004 BRL ingénierie 1105 Av Pierre Mendès-France BP 94001 30001 Nîmes Cedex5 France NIRAS 4128 , Mwinilunga Road, Sunningdale, Zambia Date July 23rd, 2014 Contact Eric Deneut Document title Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the improved use of priority canals in the Barotse Sub-Basin of the Zambezi Document reference 800568 Code V.3 Date Code Observation Written by Validated by May 2014 V.1 Eric Deneut: ESIA July 2014 V.2 montage, Environmental baseline and impact assessment Charles Kapekele Chileya: Social Eric Verlinden October 2014 V.3 baseline and impact assessment Christophe Nativel: support in social baseline report ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE IMPROVED USE OF PRIORITY TRADITIONAL CANALS IN THE BAROTSE SUB-BASIN OF THE ZAMBEZI Table of content 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 2 1.1 Background of the project 2 1.2 Summary description of the project including project rationale 6 1.2.1 Project rationale 6 1.2.2 Summary description of works 6 1.3 Objectives the project 7 1.3.1 Objectives of the Assignment 8 1.3.2 Objective of the ESIA 8 1.4 Brief description of the location 10 1.5 Particulars of Shareholders/Directors 10 1.6 Percentage of shareholding by each shareholder 10 1.7 The developer’s physical address and the contact person and his/her details 10 1.8 Track Record/Previous Experience of Enterprise Elsewhere 11 1.9 Total Project Cost/Investment 11 1.10 Proposed Project Implementation Date 12 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Tis Schall and Synodontis Nigrita (Ostariophysi : Mochokidae) from the Ouémé River, Bénin
    Belg. J. Zool., 136 (2) : 193-201 July 2006 Studies on the biology of two species of catfish Synodon- tis schall and Synodontis nigrita (Ostariophysi : Mochokidae) from the Ouémé River, Bénin Philippe Lalèyè1, Antoine Chikou1, Pierre Gnohossou1, Pierre Vandewalle2, Jean Claude Philippart2 and Guy Teugels3 1 Université d’Abomey Calavi. Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie et d’Aquaculture. 01 BP 526 Cotonou. Bénin. 2 Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Morphologie fonctionnelle et évolutive. Institut de Chimie, B6 Sart Tilman. B-4000 Liège et Laboratoire de Démographie des Poissons et d’Aquaculture, 8 Chemin de la Justice. B 4500 Tihange Belgique. 3 Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale (MRAC), Laboratoire d’Ichtyologie, B - 3080 Tervuren. Belgique. Corresponding address : Philippe Lalèyè, e-mail : [email protected] / [email protected] ABSTRACT. The abundance and distribution, length-weight, condition factor, diet and reproduction of Synodontis schall and S. nigrita from the Ouémé (Bénin) are described. S. nigrita is less abundant than S. schall in the river. Both species are euryphagous with their diet containing a wide variety of food items that include various types of plankton, invertebrates and plants. This high diversity of the food composition indicates a wide adaptability to the habitats in which they live. This is an important strategy for survival and an advantage over the fish species compet- ing for a specific food item. Size at maturity differs between species for both males (15 cm TL for S. schall and 21 cm TL for S. nigrita) and females (16 cm and 22 cm, respectively). Fecundity range is higher for S.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Conservation Value of Land in Mpumalanga April 2002 Prepared for DWAF/DFID STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
    Determining the conservation value of land in Mpumalanga April 2002 Prepared for DWAF/DFID STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Prepared by A.J. Emery, M. Lötter and S.D. Williamson Mpumalanga Parks Board Private Bag X11338 Nelspruit 1200 [email protected] Executive Summary This report is aimed at identifying areas of biodiversity importance within Mpumalanga through the use of existing data and expert knowledge, and the development of species and Geographic Information System (GIS) databases. This study adopted a similar approach to that developed by the Kwa-zulu Natal Nature Conservation Services in their report “Determining the conservation value of land in KwaZulu-Natal”. The approach was based on the broad Keystone Centre (1991) definition of biodiversity (the variety of life and its processes), and therefore analysed the complete biodiversity hierarchy excluding the genetic level. The hierarchy included landscapes, three well-defined communities, one floristic region, one broad vegetation community and eight broad species groups (Figure 1.1). The species groups included threatened plants, economically important medicinal plants, mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish and invertebrates. Species data and GIS coverages were obtained from a wide variety of sources. Digital coverages of two detailed vegetation communities, wetlands and forest, were compiled from all available sources. Special effort was made to map additional forests and wetlands that had not previously been mapped. Acocks Veld Types and Centres and Regions of Plant Endemism (Phytochoria) were used to define the broad plant communities. The species data were compiled from published papers, private and public collections in herbaria and museums, personal observations and MPB records. The resulting species databases afforded the MPB the opportunity to capture all its species records in databases, which in turn were used to investigate the various species layers.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Populations, Gill Net Catches and Gill Net Selectivity in the Gill Net Selectivity in The
    Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the gill net selectivity in the Kunene River, Namibia Clinton J. Hay, Tor F. Næsje and Eva B. Thorstad NINA Report 325 NINA Publications NINA Report (NINA Rapport) This is a new, electronic series beginning in 2005, which replaces the earlier series NINA commis- sioned reports and NINA project reports. This will be NINA’s usual form of reporting completed research, monitoring or review work to clients. In addition, the series will include much of the institute’s other reporting, for example from seminars and conferences, results of internal research and review work and literature studies, etc. NINA report may also be issued in a second language where appropriate. NINA Special Report (NINA Temahefte) As the name suggests, special reports deal with special subjects. Special reports are produced as required and the series ranges widely: from systematic identification keys to information on impor- tant problem areas in society. NINA special reports are usually given a popular scientific form with more weight on illustrations than a NINA report. NINA Factsheet (NINA Fakta) Factsheets have as their goal to make NINA’s research results quickly and easily accessible to the general public. The are sent to the press, civil society organisations, nature management at all levels, politicians, and other special interests. Fact sheets give a short presentation of some of our most important research themes. Other publishing In addition to reporting in NINA’s own series, the institute’s employees publish a large proportion of their scientific results in international journals, popular science books and magazines.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of the Kafue Flats Fishery Written By: Aquatic Ecosystem Services with Contributions from Department of Fisheries
    SUMMARY REPORT MARCH 2019 Conservation | Climate Change | Sustainability Status of the Kafue Flats Fishery Written By: Aquatic Ecosystem Services With contributions from Department of Fisheries. Design by: Catherine Zulu © July 2019 WWF All rights reserved ISBN 978-2-940443-06-2 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organizations, with over 5 million supporters and a global Network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Hydrology 3 Ecology 3 Ichthyofauna 4 Introduction and Spread of Non-Native Species 5 OVERVIEW OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 6 OVERVIEW OF THE FISHERY 7 FISHERIES GOVERNANCE 10 SAMPLING APPROACH FOR THE 2017 SURVEYS 11 Fisheries Independent Data Collection 12 Fisheries Dependent Data Collection 12 Study Area 13 FISHERIES INDEPENDENT SAMPLING RESULTS 14 Gillnet Survey Results 14 Fyke Net Survey Results 15 Crayfish Survey Results 16 Electro fishing Survey Results 17 Comparison with Historical Data 17 Indicator Species Size Structuring Results 17 FISHERIES DEPENDENT SAMPLING RESULTS 20 Household Socio-Economic Survey Results 20 Fishing Activities 21 Fisheries Governance Results 21 Livelihood Activities 22 Catch Assessment Survey Results
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the African Fish Louse Genus Dolops (Branchiura)
    Review of the African Fish Louse Genus Dolops (Branchiura) by Elindi Jansen van Rensburg Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State. Supervisor: Prof L.L. Van As Co-supervisor: Prof J.G. Van As Co-supervisor: Me K. Ehlers 2009 Table of contents Chapter 1: General Introduction 1 1.1 Species concepts and taxonomy 3 Comparison of the strategies of several crustacean fish parasites 14 1.3 The Cytochrome Oxidase I gene 18 Chapter 2: Review of the African Branchiura 22 2.1 Taxonomy of the Branchiura 24 2.2 Distribution of Branchiura 24 2.3 Branchiuran morphology 34 2.4 Branchiuran biology 41 2.5 Fish Representatives in the Geological Record of Africa 45 2.6 Evolution of Crustaceans specifically pertaining to the Branchiurans 50 2.7 Evolution of fish and attendant parasites in Africa 51 2.8 Branchiuran evolution 55 Chapter 3: Overview of African River Basins, with specific reference to the study locality(the Okavango Delta) and its biodiversity,particularly its fish fauna 60 3.1 Formation of the Okavango Basin 61 3.2 Present structure of the Okavango Delta 66 3.3 A short overview of the major river basins in Africa 68 3.4 The unique nature of the Okavango Delta 77 3.5 Factors affecting fish distriburion in Africa 78 3.6 Biodiversity of the Okavango Delta 80 3.7 Fish fauna of the Okavango Delta 81 Chapter 4: Morphological study :Materials and Methods 86 Chapter 5: Morphology – Results 91 Chapter 6: Comparison of Morphological and Molecular taxonomy 97 i 6.1 Molecular taxonomy 98 6.2 Taxonomic collections and databases 99 6.3 Problems encountered in taxonomy – species boundaries 101 6.4 Comparison of traditional taxonomy and molecular taxonomy 103 Chapter 7: Molecular Section Material and Methods 107 7.1 Collection and storage 107 7.2 Extraction 107 7.3 Ascertaining the presence of DNA 108 7.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 109 Chapter 8: Molecular Results 113 8.1 DNA extractions from Dolops.
    [Show full text]