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A Geologic Road Log Over Chinook, White Pass, and Ellensburg to Yakima Highways

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A Geologic Road Log Over Chinook, White Pass, and Ellensburg to Yakima Highways A GEOLOGIC ROAD LOG OVER CHINOOK, WHITE PASS, AND ELLENSBURG TO YAKIMA HIGHWAYS By Newel I P. Campbel I STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES 1975 INFORMATION CIRCULAR 54 STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BERT L. COLE, Commissioner of Public Lands DON LEE FRASER, Supervisor DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON JR ., State Geologist INFORMATION CIRCULAR 54 A GEOLOGIC ROAD LOG OVER CHINOOK, WHITE PASS, AND ELLENSBURG TO YAKIMA HIGHWAYS By NEWELL P. CAMPBELL 1975 For ,ale by the Department of Natural Re,oun:M, Olympia, Washington, 98504 Price t 1.50 A GEOLOGIC ROAD LOG OVER CHINOOK, WHITE PASS, AND ELLENSBURG TO YAKIMA HIGHWAYS By Newel I P. Campbel I INTRODUCTION Many persons taking a motor trip in this picturesque area of Washington State will be interested in the landscape along the highways. Particular interest may be shown in different rock formations , topography of the lend, the meandering courses the rivers and streams take, the flat lands, mountains, and the canyons. These four road logs were completed with the thought in mind that en explanation of the geology would serve a useful purpose. Earth science teachers may take their students on field trips in the area and use the road logs to point out particular geologic features, such cs faults, folds, or o ld volcanic cones. How bet­ ter to explain en anticline then to illustrate the definition with the view of Umtanum anticli ne. These road logs were compiled through a series of field trips by Newell Campbell, an instructor of geology ct Yakima Valley College. Each leg of the journey contains a map showing the highways used in that leg. The topogrcphi c maps that cover that area ere also listed. Sketches end pictures portray the different features end contribute to a better understcndi ng of the text. A mileage column enables travelers to determine the distance between points, with an accumulated total at the end of each log. To allow for any differences in car odometers, many check points ere included. Whenever possible creek crossings, campground names, end road junctions ere noted . As you traverse the area end follow the text of the logs, you wi 11 notice many points of interest away from the highway are indicated by a time, such as ••. "on your right ct 3:00. 11 This o'clock system is based on the assumption that the hood of your car is always pointed at 12 o'clock. II 12 2 3 4 7 5 6 For additional information on the geology of the area, please consult the sources included in the reference list. For instance, more detail on the pictographs painted on the rocks in leg 4 may be found in H. T. Cain (1960) . 2 LOCATION MAP SHOWING HIGHWAYS AND AREA COVERED 3 FOR EACH OF THE FOUR LEGS IN THE ROAD LOG 30' R .q l A 1,; E . [ .-~~. .,, .. ,,, '\.,.,~ 6 .'!~l,',;:,,Y,..\:"'.--. 0 1>,.. Ellensburg to U.S. 12 - 410 Junction vie 1- 82 Freeway LEG II LEG Ill U.S. 12-410Junction LEG IV 4 GEOLOGIC MAP TO ACCOMPANY ROAD LOG OVER CHINOOK 3(): R I? E INTRUSIVE ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS zw zw w w u 0 I rt~ I Tatoosh pluton 8 :::; C) G pre-Tatoosh intrusives pl!m tndian Creek gneiss ... :::; I[ I l 0 ~ and amphibolite w ... I Tdp I Dacite porphry z w u w 0 G Cowlitz chimneys lbb w zw I I Bumping Lake breccia 8 i ~ Bumping Lake granite ~ Rimrock Lake intrusions BASE MAP : U.S. Army Ma S..rvice 5 PASS, WHITE PASS, AND ELLENSBURG TO YAKIMA HIGHWAYS CNU1'tCUWYt Ml ... ....z u.... ~ Stream alluvium "' ~ Landslides §] CI ear Fork Dacite .... ~ Tumac Mountain Basalt SEDIMENTARY AND EXTRUSIVE ROCKS ....z u ...0 ~ Hogback Mountain basalt .... "'.... ....z IQ,b I u Ohanapecosh ~ ·Spiral Butte Andesite w [fJ "post-Vantage" Yakima Basalt 0 G - ....z w Formation u IQRo J Mount Rainier Andesite Q Q2J "pre-Vantage" Yakima Bosa It ~ ,< ~ j:: IQTo I Tieton Andesite G Fifes Peak Formation "'...w ~ Russe It Ranch .... I .... Z· .... Formation z w .... ~ Devi Is Horn Formation u "'~ u 0 0 C) ~ 0 Stevens Ridge Formation ~ ~ E11 ensburg Formation -0 INFORMAL STRATIGRAPH IC COLUMN OF SE DI MENTARY AND EXTRUS IVE °' FORMATIONS THAT CROP OUT ALONG HIGHWAYS IN THE YAK IMA, WHITE PASS, AND CHINOOK PASS AREA THICKNESS ROCK UNIT MEMBER AND BED CHARACTERISTICS AGE (feet) River and stream Most ly flood plain deposits. 0-200 c alluvium Some alluvial fans . Q)u J! Landslide Clay- to boulder-size debris. deposits 0-200 Moy include some Pleistocene slides. Glacial Includes moraines, till, and debris 0-300 outwosh of volley glaciers. Upper Clear Fork Gray, fine-groined with long, Docite 50-300 thin columns. Abundant quartz. Tumoc Mountain Block olivine bosolt forms basalt flow 0-500(?) inter-canyon flows and includes Tumoc Mountain cinder cone . Q) Hogback Dork gray basalt with olivine C: Q) Mountain phenocrysts . Flows ore thin 0 200(?) .2 basalt flow and vesicular • ·cu"' a: Spiral Butte Light gray, platy ondesite Andesite 100-400 with associated yellow tuffs. Includes Spiral Butte cone. Mount Rainier Hypersthene and olivine ondesite Andesite 4,00o+ flows and re lated mud flows. Lower Tieton Dork gray hypersthene andesite Andesite porphyry wi th large plogioclose 100-500 phenocrysts. Well-developed colonnade and entobloture. Unconformity Devi Is Horns Pyroclostics and some inter- pyroclostics 200+ bedded ondesite flows. Upper Upper port of Sequence of conglomerates and Ellerisburg sandstones with interbedded Formation basalt flows. Q) C Q) Upper port of Ellensburg Formation u 0 Ellensburg contains tuffs, conglomerates, a: Formation and sandstones. 225- 275 Beverly (Selah) Member contains coarse volconiclostic sediments . Beverly Member Pomona Pomona flow hos flattened vesicles basalt and fan-shaped columns in entabloture flow Unconformity Lo rge columns, weak platy parting, medium- to coarse-groined, Priest Ropi ds 50-200 phenocrysts absent. Usually, Member only one flow present in area of rood log. Lorge lath- shaped plogioclase Rozo Basalt phenocrysts and thick columns Member 90-110 with platy porting perpendi cu lor to column length. Upper White diotomite and some Squaw Creek 10-20 Diotomite si ltstone. All three flows contain large columns and Jorge plogioclose phenocrysts . "'0) C ... Sentinel Sentinel Gap flow contains 11 11 a. ... Post-Vantage V'l Q) Gap irregular joints and mosses Yakima c.O o E Flow of po lagoni te. Basa lt E <II -5~ C Sand Sand Hollow flow hos on upper ~ Hollow u.. 220- 240 and lower columnar zone. '-I (continued on next page) Flow Informal Stratigraphi c Column - Continued 00 THICKNESS AGE ROCK UNIT MEMBER AND BED CHARACTERISTICS (feet) Gingko Gingko flow contains abundant Flow pillow pologonite. "'O> In addition to the three named a, ...C flows, there ore ot Ieast two O> a. ... other flows within the French- 2 0 ..... Vl a, ce- c..!l man Springs Member. One, O·- 0 o E >-"I O ,B"' E a, locally known os the Kelly -:;; >- -5~ Ho I low flow, resembles the ~ C Roza, and probably lies between : ~ u. the Sand Hollow and Sentinel Gap flows . Another flow called the Union Gap flow is probably younger than Sentinel Gap. Fine to medium groined, light-gray, Vantage 10-100 friable sandstone. Some cross- Sandstone bedding, some cloy and silt interbeds. Museum Contains sma II fe Ids par phenocrysts. Basalt 100 Vesicles similar to Rocky Coulee flow flow pipe vesicles. a, C: 3 to 4 ft well-developed columns. a, 0 Flattened vesicles in upper 25 ft. 0 Rocky Coulee ~ Basalt flow 200 Fine-groined and essentially nonparphyriti c. " Pre-Vantage" Yakima Boso It Fan- shaped joints in entoblature, Flow No. 11 75 cross joints in colonnade. Fan-shaped columns in center Flow No. 10 100-125 of flow. Massive, resistant entoblature, rounded cross joints in colonnade. Flow No. 9 100-150 Petrified wood at base. 11 Pre-Vantage 11 Flow No. 8 40-70 Thin, irregular jointing . Yakima Basalt Hockly entobloture, cross joints Flow No. 7 100-120 in co lonnode . Coorse-groi ned, weathers reddish Flow No. 6 50-200 brown, pronounced curved, platy porting. Wide, irregular co lumns with Flow No. 5 50-150 some opal at top. Platy porting. Scorio in upper 5 feet. Flow No. 4 20-40 Lorge columns. Pologonite at base. Wavy Flow No. 3 100-150 columns, small plogioclose phenocrysts. Curved columns. Thick hockly Flow No. 2 130-180 colonnade. 75+ Only top of flow exposed in Flow No. l Yakima Canyon. Wavy columns. Unconformity Middle Bethel Ridge Lava and mud flows, volconi- focies elastic rocks- tuffs, ash, pumice, Fifes Peak breccio. Th ickness and lithology Formation 5,000 varies from place to place depending Tieton on volcanic source. Inc ludes Tieton Lower foci es dike swarm. Subdivision into focies not a !ways possible. (continued on next page) '-0 0 lnfonnal Stratigraphic Column - Continued AGE ROCK UNIT MEMBER AND BED THICKNESS {feet) CHARACTERISTICS Green, brown, ond violet Wi ldcot Creek Q) Upper volcaniclostic rocks-tuff C: sediments Q) and pumice. May be part u Stevens of Stevens Ridge Formation. 0 O> Ridge 3,000± 0 Formation Unnamed(?) Ash flows and volcaniclastic rocks. Middle Light-colored sandstones ond siltstones, quartz common. Unconformity Q) Upper C: Volconiclastic rocks and lava Q) u Ohanapecosh flows. Volcanic breccias and w0 Formation 10,000± sandstones with i nterbedded ondesite lavas and mud flows. Bose not exposed. Unconformity Russel Tona Ii te foci es Highly sheared argillite, groywacke, Ranch Arg i II i te foci es 9,00(}+- and greenstone with local pillow c Formation lavas and tonalite. Bose not 0 Greenstone facies :.: exposed.
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