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An Analysis of Urban Green Landscape Pattern in Chengdu City

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An Analysis of Urban Green Landscape Pattern in Chengdu City Proceedings of 14th Youth Conference on Communication An Analysis of Urban Green Landscape Pattern in Chengdu City Based on CBERS/CCD 1 2 3 3 DAN Bo , DAN Shang-ming , XU Hui-xi , XUE Wan-rong 1. Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu 610072, P.R.China 2. Sichuan Province Agrimeteorological Center, Chengdu 610072, P.R.China 3. Institute of Engineering Surveying, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang 618000, P.R.China [email protected] Abstract: Based on GIS and CBERS/CCD which was obtained on June 16, 2006, patches of urban green in the main urban areas of Chengdu are extracted using many quantitative indicators and by method of decision tree classification, according to principles and methods of landscape ecology. Patches of urban green are divided into four grades, and they are respectively small-scale patch, medium-scale patch, large-scale patch and special large-scale patch. The area pro- portion of small-scale patch is 3.8%, and that of medium-scale patch is 11.1%, that of large-scale patch is 22.3% and that of special large-scale patch is 62.8%.The results of fragmentation, contagion, diversity index, dominance and evenness are obtained. They are 0.854, 0.600, 0.657, 0.730 and 0.690 respectively. The research results think that scal- ability characteristics and divisional differences of green patches are obvious. A little number of green whose area is bigger mainly is composed of scenic spots, gardens and universities. There are many problems, for example, connec- tivity of urban green is low, structure of landscape is single, and spatial distribution is unbalanced. So, the government should attach importance to greening and management of urban and rural transitional zone which is being developed now. Keywords: CBERS/CCD, Urban Green, Landscape Pattern, Chengdu City and Guangzhou City’s landscape patterns of urban green 1 INTRODUCTION based on SPOT image. Yu Xue-qin et al. [6] studied Human and nature depend on each other. Nowadays, landscape patterns of vegetation in park. SHEN Tao et it is sophisticated concept that human is in harmony with al.[7]& HAN Cong-cong et al.[8] studied extracting nature. People desire to have a good living environment methods to urban green and residential area using TM of urban to meet their survival needs, security needs and image, and WU Lu-lu et al.[9]& HUANG Shu-chun et spiritual needs. al.[10] studied extracting methods to urban green and Landscapes as visual perceptual objects, landscapes residential area using QuickBird image. Above re- as living places, landscapes as systems, landscapes as searches improved techniques and deepen the under- symbols, therefore, landscapes are aesthetic, experiential, standing of urban green landscape through quantitative scientific and meaningful[1]. Green Landscape is one of analysis. the elements of the city's ecological environment, and it This paper analyzed the status quo of green land- has become a focus of people. Now, great progress has scape in Chengdu City with a number of landscape indi- been made in characteristics of different objects and ces, which can provide the basis for analysis of urban multi-scale landscape using all kinds of remote sensing ecological environment. data, with support of GIS. For example, Li Ming-yang [2] studied changes of forest landscape patterns of Lin’an in 2 THE STUDY AREA Zhejiang Province.HOU Wei [3] and GUO Cheng-xuan Chengdu City is located in the western Sichuan Ba- et al. [4] respectively analyzed Yantai and Guangzhou sin and hinterland of Chengdu Plain, which is the Si- City’s landscape patterns of urban green based on TM chuan Province of political, economic and cultural center. image. WANG Tian-ming et al. [5] analyzed Harbin City The geographic coordinate of the city center is 30º39.7´E and 104º3.8´N.The line distances between the city center This research work was financial supported by “the Key Research Project of Environmental Protection Bureau of and Dujiangyan and Qingcheng Mountain which lie in Sichuan Province (2008HBY002)”. the west of the center is 55 km, and that between the city 978-1-935068-01-3 © 2009 SciRes. 192 Proceedings of 14th Youth Conference on Communication center and Longquan Mountain which lie in the east of ter, green, building and road. About 30-40 test points are the center is 25 km.It is subtropical monsoon climate, extracted and digital number (DN) of five bands are ob- sufficient heat, abundant rainfall, distinct seasons, more tained from image by visual judging (statistical results in clouds, little sunshine.. Annual precipitation of the city is Table 1). about 1000mm, which concentrates in July and August. The following are the sorting results of average of The annual average temperature is 16.3℃ . DN. For band1, building>road>water>green, the DN of Chengdu City includes 19 counties. The population green is close to that of water; for band2, building>road> of Chenghua District, Jinjiang District, Wuhou District, green > water; for band3, building>road> green > water, Qingyang District and Jinniu District is 0.48 million, the DN of green is close to that of water; for band4, 0.39 million, 0.66 million, 0.65 million and 0.59 million green >building>road>water; for band5, building>road> respectively [11].The area within the First Circuit Road, green > water. the Second Circuit Road and the Third Circuit Road re- NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) spectively is 30km2, 62km2 and 200km2.The research was defined as the following: NDVI= (NIR-RED)/ areas are above five districts, which locate within the (NIR-RED), Where RED represents the red wave band of Third Circuit Road. The area of above five districts re- the visible light, and NIR represents the near-infrared 2 2 2 2 spectively is 64km , 29km , 47km , 25km and wave band. If NDVI<0, the NDVI value was regard as 0. 35km 2(Figure 1.). Statistical of NDVI occur in Table 1. There is distinct difference between green and oth- The Second Circuit Road Jinniu ers objects according to above comparative analysis. For Chenghua band4, the DN of water is the smallest. So, water can be The First Qingyang judged above all. In most cases, for band4, the DN of Circuit Road green is bigger than that of building and road. But, for Wuhou band1, 2, 3 and 5, the DN of building and road is bigger Jinjiang The Third Circuit Road than that of green. Above rules of DN can regard as the one of the judging conditions of green. At the same time, Figure 1. St udy area-Chengdu City the NDVI of green greatly is bigger than that of others objects, so, NDVI can also regard as the judging condi- 3 DATA AND METHODOLOGY tions of green. 3.1Data of remote sensing 3.3 Method to data processing CBERS/CCD data are applied into this study, which Green information is extracted by decision tree were obtained on June 16, 2006.It’s spatial resolution is classification module of ENVI software. Figure 2.reflects 19.5m.The spectral scope of band1-5 is 0.45～0.52μm, technical flow of decision tree classification. After test again and again, judging valve value between water and 0.52 ～ 0.59μm, 0.63 ～ 0.69μm, 0.77 ～ 0.89μm and shade is 72, and judging valve value of NDVI is 0.43. 0.51 ～0.73μm respectively. Area of patches is obtained according to the number 3.2Analysis of spectrum and NDVI of objects of pixel. That is ,Area equals to the number of There are four types of typical objects according to pixel×19.5×19.5÷10000 （ hm2 ） .According to area, characteristic of CBERS/CCD.They are respectively wa- patches of green are divided into four grades, and they Table 1. Typical objects’ Digital Number (DN) of five bands and their NDVI Type of Band1 Band 2 Band 3 Band 4 Band 5 NDVI objects Scope Average Scope Average Scope Average Scope Average Scope Average Scope Average Water 52-76 64.6 58-109 84.0 29-56 43.2 20-98 56.3 35-71 53.7 ＜0.0-0.39 0.173 Green 55-88 64.4 72-134 89.9 34-63 44.7 122-232 159 49-88 58.8 0.36-0.66 0.557 Building 70-104 84.8 91-179 132 52-100 70.4 78-156 109 60-117 81.0 0.12-0.29 0.216 Road 65-93 79.9 86-148 116 47-76 61.6 75-121 101 59-93 73.6 0.12-0.36 0.241 193 978-1-935068-01-3 © 2009 SciRes. Proceedings of 14th Youth Conference on Communication are respectively small-scale patch( ＜ 0.2 hm2), me- The results of quantity, area, average area and den- dium-scale patch(0.2～1 hm2), large-scale patch(1～5 sity of green patches within the ring road occur in Table 2 2 hm ) and special large-scale patch(＞5 hm ). 2. The area of green within the First Circuit Road and The results of fragmentation, contagion, diversity that between the First Circuit Road and the Second Cir- index, dominance and evenness of green landscape are cuit Road is about 30km2.The number of green patches is obtained according to reference [5] and [12]. all about 260, but the total area of green is respectively 158.8hm2 and 192.9 hm2,the difference of area among RS Data them is about 20%.From the First Circuit Road to the Second Circuit Road and the Third Circuit Road, the area Y B4＜72 Water, Shade of green gradually increase, and the average area of green increase from 0.618hm2 to 0.739hm2 and 1.347hm2.
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