!

Given By

U. S. SUPT. OFLOCUAIENTS t 3^

THE UNITED STATES SURVEY if

Tachikawa Aircraft Company

(Tachikawa Hikoki K K)

CORPORATION REPORT NO. X

(Airframes)

AIRCRAFT DIVISION

February 1947

THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

Tachikawa Aircraft Company

( Tachikawa Hikoki K K )

CORPORATION REPORT NO. X (Airframes)

AIRCRAFT DIVISION

Dates of Survey 20-24 November 1945

Date of Publication February 1947 ~'~J i*r3^ (

. U 1^

tfi I. WPERtNTENDEKT OF'OOC

APR. 8 1947

This report was written primarily for the use of the United States

Strategic Bombing Survey in the preparation of further reports of a more comprehensive nature. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report must be considered as limited to the specific material covered and as subject to further interpretation in the light of further studies conducted by the

Survey.

u :

FOREWORD

The United States Strategic Bombing Sur- civilians, 350 officers, and 500 enli-sted men. The vey was established by the Secretary of War on military segment of the organization was drawn 3 November 1944, pursuant to a directive from from the Army to the extent of 60 percent, and the late President Roosevelt. Its mission was to from the Navy to the extent of 40 percent. Both conduct an impartial and expert study of the the Army and the Navy gave the Survey all pos- effects of our aerial attack on , to be sible assistance in furnishing men, supplies, used in connection with air attacks on Japan transport, and infoi-mation. The Survey oper- and to establish a basis for evaluating the im- ated from headquarters established in Tokyo portance and potentialities of air power as an early in September 1945, with subheadquarters instrument of military strategy for planning in Nagoya, , Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, the future development of the United States and with mobile teams operating in other parts armed forces and for determining future eco- of Japan, the islands of the Pacific, and the nomic policies with respect to the national Asiatic mainland. defense. A summary report and some 200 sup- It was possible to reconstruct much of war- porting reports containing the findings of the time Japanese military planning and execution, Survey in Germany have been published. engagement by engagement, and campaign by In 15 August 1945. President Truman re- campaign, and to secure reasonably accurate quested that the Survey conduct a similar study statistics on Japan's economy and war produc- tion, of the effects of all types of air attack in the plant by plant, and industry by industry. In war against Japan, submitting reports in dupli- addition, studies were conducted on Japan's over-all cate to the Secretary of War and to the Secre- strategic plans and the background of her tary of the Navy. The officers of the Survey entry into the war, the internal discussions during its Japanese phase were and negotiations leading to her acceptance of unconditional surrender, the course of health Franklin D'Olier, Chairman. and morale among the civilian population, the Paul H. Nitze, Henry C. Alexander, Vice effectiveness of the Japanese civilian defense or- Chairmen. ganization, and the effects of the atomic bombs. Harry L. Bowman, Separate reports will be issued covering each phase of J. Kenneth Galbraith, the study. Rensis Likert, The Survey interrogated more than 700 Japa- nese Frank A. McNamee, Jr., military, government, and industrial offi- cials. It Fred Searls, Jr., also recovered and translated many doc- Monroe E. Spaght, uments which not only have been useful to the Dr. Lewis R. Thompson, Survey, but also will furnish data valuable for Theodore P. Wright, Directors. other studies. Arrangements have been made to Walter Wilds, Secretary. turn over the Survey's files to the Central Intelli- gence Group, through which they will be avail- The Survey's complement provided for 300 able for further examination and distribution.

m

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page The Corporation and Its Importance in the Aircraft Industry

The Air Attacks : 7

Production Statistics 12

Evaluation of Preattack Intelligence 20

Appendices :

A—Tachikawa Plant Layout Facing page 22

B—Okayama Plant Layout 23

C—Kofu Plant Layout Facing page 24

D—Production 1929-40 25

E—Bomb Plot of Attack 17 1. Facing page 26

F—Bomb Plot of Attack 4 April 1945 2. Facing page 26

G—Bomb Plot of Attack 24 April 1945 3. Facing page 26

H—Damage Plot of IB Attack 2 August 1945 4. Facing page 26

I—Air Attack Defense Map 5. Facing page 26

J—Production 1941-45 .__ 27

THE CORPORATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY

Introduction

The Tachikawa Aircraft Co., Ltd. (Tachi- kawa Hikoki K K), which in 1944 produced approximately nine percent of Japanese air- craft, owned and operated three plants located at Tachikawa, Okayama and Kofu (Figure 1). (See insert on following page.) There was a total of about 3,600,000 sq. ft. of fioor space under roof, most of which was at Tachikawa, the third largest airframe plant in Japan. The company was founded in 1924. The first recorded production was one reconnaissance 88 in January 1929 in a small building on the southwest side of Tachikawa airfield. The rate of production on this plane varied from one to ten planes per month until mid-1932 when fighter 91 was added to bring total produc- tion in 1933 to 115. The relatively small size of the plant was shown by a total floor area in 1935 of 131,475 sq. ft. During 1940, production had grown to 1,000 planes a year (Appendix D) . This was after the great expansion program of that year, which added 1,650,280 sq. ft, to the plant area. Fur- ther additions brought the total area up to 3,131,800 sq. ft. (Table 1).

Table 1 —Tachikawa Plan! Expansions

Year

Tachikawa Aircraft Co., Ltd. There was close contact with the MiUtary l-ij^ure 2.—Organization Chart, President .— Saburo Ando Division and later with the Air- Aeronautical Managing Director Masago Asakawa craft Division of the Munitions Ministry. There Tachikawa Plant is no record of direct financial aid having been Director Takashi Fujimoto

- Moriyuki Nakagwa given to the corporation, but Director Fujimoto Assistant General Aflfairs Sigeo Kuriowa of the Tachikawa plant stated that the govern- Financial „ - Toshio Kawasaki Masaki ment directed banks to make loans for purposes Labor - Nobuyoshi

- - Kikuo Tsuchiya of expansion. Material — Subcontractors -— Takeshi Hashida Control .....MinoruChiba Okayama Plant Organization and Operation Director...- .— - - .Kazuo Tsutsumi Subdirector Ryokichi Saburo Ando was the president of the Tachi- Production Hitoshi Nakamura kawa Aircraft Co., Ltd. ; Masago Asakwa was Kofu Plant Shiro Yoshiwara the managing director. The company had three Director Production.. Shoji Nomura divisions ; Tachikawa, directed by Takashi Assistant.— ..Motosuke Yoshiwada Fujimoto; Okayama, directed by Kazuo Tsut- The Sunagawa, or northern, section of Tachi- sumi, and Kofu, directed by Shiro Koshiwara kawa was the assembly part of the plant. Here (Figure 2). In the main, the Tachikawa plant were set up the Oscar and Hickory produc- furnished the engineering and technical staffs tion lines, and tooling up for Patsy was in for the corporation. process when the war ended (Figure 3). Oscar

EIHAUST PIPES SOB *SS£Mai.T TflWIS PUIMBWO SHOP

FVS£L*5E tSSEIiaLr

S OCPE SHOP

SUB assEMSL'

SHEtHCTaL SHOP

sscMBL. swy

FiycwcsHOP

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MJC" SHOP-STpTu MOUSE FWttL ASSEMBLY

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S SXETIJETAt 5^

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CONSTRUCTION LEGEND W WOOD CONSTRUCTDN S-CTECL FUME

C ffEWOOCED CONCRETE

; ST;;jlTtGiC SO*

TACMKAWA AIRCRAFT CO

704696—47—2 final assembly had four lines with 25 machines The Tachikawa plant went on a two-shift shifts work- on each line. Ideal assembly time was 10 days basis 1 March 1944. The were ten plant but actual time was 10 to 14 days. Hickory ing hours with one rest hour each. The inoperative from 0530 to 0730 each day. had two lines with 10 machines on each line. was That procedure affected 76 percent of the direct Ideal assembly time was 10 days and actual employees. At Kofu and Okayama, and at time was 10 to 12 days. Two-line production for Tachikawa prior to 1 March 1944, the single Patsy was planned with tooling undertaken, shift 0800 to 1800, with a noon rest hour, was but never was put into effect. Okayama and used. Kofu were not developed beyond the "job shop" At Tachikawa students and soldiers were stage. used from April 1944 until August 1945. Their Total number of employees expanded rapidly peak employment was in January and February from 9,000 in January 1941 to the peak of 31,- 1945 when 2,600 students and 150 soldiers 1944. At that time 30,500 were at 000 in May were employed. the newly opened Oka- Tachikawa and 500 at The number of man-hours worked by direct of those at yama plant. Approximately 5,000 laborers at Tachikawa reached a maximum of Tachikawa were being trained for Okayama 5,100,000 in April 1944 when men were being and Kofu production. At the close of produc- trained for employment at Okayama and Kofu 1945, Tachikawa employed 13,750 tion, August (Figure 7) . Okayama actually was in operation (Figure 4); Okayama 3,280 (Figure 5), and at that time but only 120,000 man hours were Kofu 2,170 (Figure 6). The big drop at Tachi- worked that month. As man-hours decreased at kawa was due to the transfer of 10,000 work- Tachikawa they increased at Okayama, reach- men to subcontractors. ing a maximum of 607,000 in June 1945 (Fig-

32

30

28

2S r" . ure 8). The number decreased to 2,410,000 at mum in June with approximately 350,000 man- Tachikawa. Kofii, likewise, reached its maxi- hours worked (Figure 9) Map reference (Figure 10) some warehouses and their contents were de- In addition to the attacks reported by Tachi- stroyed in the Okayama urban area attack 29 kawa the Twentieth AF reported that on 13 June 1945. April 1945 a single B-29 dropped 10,500 pounds The Navy 17 February 1945 attack was con- of HE bombs on the plant but Tachikawa had centrated on Tachikawa's Sunagawa section no record of that incident. and damaged 166,000 square feet of floor space The damage figures quoted in this report are (Appendix E). Oscar production was directly those reported by Tachikawa ofllcials. United curtailed by this attack. About 40 percent of States Strategic Bombing Survey report, "Eval- the wing spar jigs, 90 percent of the welding uation of Photographic Interpretation, Japa- apparatus and 30 percent of the main wing as- nese Homeland, Part 3, Indu.strial Analysis" sembly jigs were destroyed (Photos 1 and 2). (Photo Intelligence Unit, USSBS) contains ad- Patsy production also received its death ditional findings from plant investiga.on. blow 17 February 1945 after a long struggle to Tachikawa oflicials reported there get into operation. The wing and fuselage as- was no machine tool damage in sembly building 106 was 40 percent destroyed any of the attacks. There were 237 casualties and damage to jigs was variously estimated in all, 152 of them fatalities. from 30 to 80 percent. Tachikawa The Twentieth AF 4 April 1945 attack took plant had a well-devised air at- tack defense place at 0310, using 500-lb. GP bombs which system. The plant was divided into damaged 243,500 square feet of floor area, prin- five areas with general defense headquarters in cipally the sheet metal shop, building 110 (Pho- the main ofl^ce building 201. Each division had tos 3 and 4), and the machine shop and parts four subdivisions; watchers, fire fighters, res- warehouses, building 104, in the north end of cue squads, and emergency repairs. Chief of the air the Sunagawa section (Appendix F) . The Patsy attack defense was Fujimoto, the plant final assembly building 101 was 20 percent director. The various plant departments were destroyed. fu'lher organized to supply food, transporta- The Twentieth AF attack 24 April 1945 was tion and other defense necessities to the defense the most destructive of the five attacks in the divisions of areas (Appendix I). Similar but extent of floor area damaged. It likewise finally less elaborate systems were set up at Okayama convinced the Army that Tachikawa should be and Kofu. dispersed. The attack completely destroyed the parts assembly building 103, and further dam- Urban Area Attacks aged the wing assembly jigs. The remainder of The urban area attacks did not interfere machine shop building 104 also was destroyed, drastically with Tachikawa production, except but the contents had been removed and the at Okayama where warehouses storing Tachi- building was empty. Probably the most serious kawa materials were destroyed. Most of the damage was the destruction of Oscar sub- workers lived close enough to the Tachikawa a.ssembly building 103. Total damage on this plant to escape the great Tokyo attacks. attack amounted to 570,480 square feet of floor Production area (Appendix G). at Tachikawa began to decline Results of the 10 July 1945 attack were neg- late in 1944 as machines and workmen were ligible. On 2 August 1945 there evidently was removed to Okayama and Kofu, and while a spillover from the Twentieth AF area attack destruction of subcontractors' factories affected because only IB's hit Tachikawa and about 50,- production to some degree it is diflicult to deter- 000 square feet of floor area was burned. All mine how much the decline was accentuated by the fires were controlled (appendix H). this interference. ^mmm

Photo 1. —Bomb d.imayc to Buildint; 102, Oscar winj; assembh structure, n lebruary, 1945, Navy carrier-based attack.

Photo 2. —interior ot Oscar wing assenibl) structure, Building 102.

10 Photo 3. —Interior of sheet-metal shop. Building 110.

4. Photo —Sheet-metal press in Building 1 10. Note blast walls. 704696—47—3 11 : .

Production Statistics

Before 1941 Tachikawa had produced a total of 3,115 aircraft (Appendix D) of which 2,047 were trainers and 665 were reconnaissance planes. From 1 January 1941 to the end of the war, 6,645 planes were produced (Appendix J) Of these, 2,629 were Oscar fighters, 62 bomb- ers, and 439 reconnaisance planes with the bal- ance trainers and transports. Annual corpora- tion orders and production were as follows

Year 300 Tachikawa attempted to put Patsy into pro- cause of the emphasis which the Army put o duction for 15 months without success. In early Oscar production. 1944 there was trouble with Patsy jig designs The February and April 1945 attacks dan but in May 1944 one plan was accepted. It was aged or destroyed 80 percent of the Pats hoped that the skilled labor for Patsy assembly wing and fuselage jigs and in June the engin would be furnished from the Oscar and Hickory model was changed from HA 43 Model 01 t lines ; however, this transfer was not made be- HA 42 Model 11 (Figure 14).

REPORTX

AIRCRAFT

AIRCRAFT

TACHIKAWA

.

Production at Okayama and Kofu was hardly beyond the planning stage (Table 4)

Table 4—Okayama and Kofu Production, November 1944-August 1945

Until mid-1942 MIS correctly estimated MIS was mistaken in believing that production Ida i)roduction. Thereafter, until September continued through 1944 and into 1945. The 1!)43, Tachikawa produced an average of 25 trainers went out of production in early 1943 more of this type each quarter than MIS esti- and the last Thelma had been completed in mated. After the third quarter of 1943 MIS March 1942. judged that Ida was replaced at Tachikawa No reports of Okayama or Kofu production by Ki-72, a plane which was never produced were made by MIS. It is probable the reason the company. by that Tachikawa was not seriously attacked un- Hickory production was estimated at 55 til April 1945 after the Nakajima and Mitsu- per month by December 1944. Actual produc- bishi aircraft plants had been badly damaged tion that month was 35 and the average for and forced into dispersal, was the correct intel- the year had been 42. Production of the trainers ligence that, in spite of its size, Tachikawa rep- Spruce and Ki-17 and the transport Thelma resented less than 10 percent of Japanese air- was correctly attributed to Tachikawa, but craft production.

21

NO

LEGEND

i 1935 a Before

I 1940

1942

IMIJ 1943 TACHIKAWA PLANT m. 1944 ^ 1945 1924-1945

a.

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TACHIKAWA AIRCRAFT CO.(KOFU PLANT) ^ 1944

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COMPRESSOR HOUSE

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TACHXAM AIRCRAFT CO APPENDIlt C

APPENDIX D

Airframe Production per Type, 1929—40

Year a.

OESCiHIPTlON or

DESCRIPTION

EXHAUST PIPES SUB ASSEMBLY TANKS PLUMBING SHOP \flJiCHINE SHOP

FUSELAGE ASSEMBLY

MACHINE SHOP

ASSEMBLY SHOP FABRIC SHOP

SUB ASSEMBLY

SHEET METAL SHOP

ASSEMBLY SHOP FINISH SHOP

WELDING SHOP FORGING SHOP

SUB. ASSEMBLY

TECHNICAL DEPT

FINAL ASSEMBLY SUB ASSEMBLY PART ASSEMBLY MACM SHOP-STOCK HOUSE FINAL ASSEMBLY SUB. ASSEMBLY ELECTRIC SUB STATION

SHEET METAL SHOP

STOCK HOUSE FINAL ASSEMBLY SUB ASSEMBLY

FORGING JIGS .,

FIRE DAMAGE W PLATING SHOP _P&TTERN WOOD .

I I PREVIOUS DAMAGE

ELECT TRANSFORMER STA. CONSTRUCTION LEGEND W= WOOD CONSTRUCTION

S-- STEEL FRAME C=REWFORCED CONCRETE M'LEB noou {BUILOING OWLt I **>" fiOOM (BULOINfl ONLY 1 TACHIKAWA PLANT W COMTflESSCn, ELECTHIC 9uB STATION ooMPBEsaoa. joo mp WUFft£9soR_ 100 HP RAID AUG. 2, 1945 SHEET MEI»L STOCK "*" HOUSE ILASOUREH OINING ROOM I

US ST RflTEGIC B0M9ING SURVEY _ fiwL "1 «5*« wsE-siy Err f« bomb L.-AL*'^* «SE*l8Uf > ONLY SMALL TACHIKAWA AIRCRAFT CO.

APPENDIX H

OeSCRIPTION

1

SYMBOL LEGEND O AIR DEFENSE HQDS @ DIVISION HEADQUARTERS v/uw DIRECT TEL LINE TO HO

AIR ATTACK DEFENSE MAP

( TACHIKAWA)

2

e2

3 <

^ «

3 o s 5 t ^ z ^ « <

c o Q K

o s

3

C a

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I ta PL, cc 2 2

3 c

u 3

C UO

X Q Z a- < I

Oi CI to Cl'

3

c uo

Qp—

Oh

UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

LIST OF REPORTS

21 Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke, Hildesheim, 'he following list of studies is a bibliography of com- Germany ;ed reports resulting from the German survey, 22 Metallgussgesellschaft G m b H, Leipzig, Germany sorts numbers 1, 2, and 3 can be purchased from b H, Plant No. 2, Bitterfeld, Superintendent of Documents, Government Print- 23 Aluminumwerk G m Office, Washington, D. C. Germany 24 Gebrueder Giulini GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Ger- many EUROPEAN WAR 25 Luftschiifbau Zeppelin G m b H, Friedrichshafen OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN on Bodensee, Germany 26 Wieland Werke A G, Ulm, Germany United States Strategic Bombing Survey: The 27 Rudolph Rautenbach Leichtmetallgiessereien, So- Summary Report (European War) lingen, Germany States Strategic Bombing Survey: : United The 28 Lippewerke Vereinigte Aluminiuniwerke A G, Report (European War) Over-all Lunen, Germany Strategic Bombing on the German ; The Effects of Heddernheim, „ 29 Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke, War Economy Germany 30 Duerener Metallwerke A G, Duren Wittenau-Ber- AIRCRAFT DIVISION lin & Waren, Germany (By Division and Branch) AREA STUDIES DIVISION

I Aircraft Division Industry Report 31 Area Studies Division Report Targets (Special i Inspection Visits to Various 32 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing Report) on Airframes Branch 33 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing Wuppertal 3 Junkers Aircraft and Aero Engine Works, Dessau, on Germany 34 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing Dusseldorf 7 Erla Maschinenwerke G m b H, Heiterblick, on Germany 35 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Solingen i A T G Maschinenbau, G m b H, Leipzig (Mockau), Germany 36 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing

3 Gothaer Waggonfabrik, A G, Gotha, Germany on Remscheid of the Effects of Area Bombing 3 Focke Wulf Aircraft Plant, , Germany 37 A Detailed Study on Darmstadt \ Over-all Report 38 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing 1 Messerschmitt AG, ' Part A Augsburg, Germany ?Part B on Lubeck 39 Brief Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on 1 Appendices I, II, III A Berlin, Augsburg, Bochuni; Leipzig, Hagen, Dort- 2 Dornier Works, Friedrichshafen & Munich, Ger- mund, Oberhausen, , and Bremen many 3 Gerhard Fieseler Werke G m b H, Kassel, Germany CIVILIAN DEFENSE DIVISION 4 Wiener Neustaedter Flugzeugwerke, Wiener Neu- 40 Civilian Defense Division—Final Report stadt, Austria 41 Cologne Field Report 42 Bonn Field Report Aero Engines Branch 43 Hanover Field Report Vol. II, 5 Bussing NAG Flugmotorenwerke GmbH, Bruns- 44 Hamburg Field Report—Vol. I, Text; wick, Germany Exhibits 6 Mittel-Deutsche Motorenwerke G m b H, Taucha, 45 Bad Oldesloe Field Report Germany 46 Augsburg Field Report 7 Bavarian Motorworks, Inc., Eisenach & Durrenhof, 47 Reception Areas in Bavaria, Germany Germany EQUIPMENT DIVISION 8 Bayerische Motorenwerke A G (BMW), Munich, Electrical Branch Germany 48 German Electrical Equipment Industry Report 9 Henschel Flugmotorenwerke, Kassel, Germany 49 Brown Boveri et Cie, Mannheim Kafertal, Ger- many Light Metal Branch Optical and Precision Instrument Branch iO Light Metals Industry (Part I, Aluminum 50 Optical and Precision Instrument Industry Report of Germany I Part II, Magnesium

33 ^i

Abrasives Branch 88 Volkswagenwerke, Fallersleben, Germany 51 The German Abrasive Industry 89 Bussing NAG, Brunswick, Germany 52 Mayer and Schmidt, Offenbach on Main, Germany 90 Muehlenbau Industrie A G (Miag) Brunsw Germany Anti-Friction Branch 91 Friedrich Krupp Grusonwerke, , ( (k'rman Anti-Friction Bearings Industry 53 The many Machine Tools Branch Branch 54 Machine Tools & Machinery as Capital Equipment 92 German Submarine Industry Report 55 Machine Tool Industry in Germany 93 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg A G, Ai 56 Herman Kolb Co., Cologne, Germany burg, Germany 57 Collet and Engelhard, Offenbach, Germany 94 Blohm and Voss Shipyards, Hamburg, German: 58 Naxos Union. Frankfort on Main, Germany 95 Deutschewerke A G, , Germany MILITARY ANALYSIS DIVISION 96 Deutsche Schiff und Maschinenbau, Bremen, G 59 The Defeat of the German Air Force many (iO V-Weapons (Crossbow) Campaign 97 Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel, German Gl Air Force Rate of Operation 98 Howaldtswerke A G, Hamburg, Germany 62 Weather Factors in Combat Bombardment Opera- 99 Submarine Assembly Shelter, Farge, Germany tions in the European Theatre 100 Bremer Vulkan, Vegesack, Germany 6.3 Bombing Accuracy, USAAF Heavy and Medium Ordnance Branch Bombers in the ETO 101 Ordnance Industry Report 64 Description of RAF Bombing 102 Friedrich Krupp Grusonwerke A G, Magdebu 64a The impact of the Allied Air Effort on Germah Germany Logistics 103 Bochumer Verein fuer MORALE DIVISION Gusstahlfabrikation A , 64b The Effects of Strategic Bombing on German Germany 104 Henschel and Sohn, Kassel, Germany Morale (Vol. 1 and Vol. II) Medical Branch 105 Rheinmetall-Borsig, Dusseldorf, Germany 106 65 The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care Hermann Goering Werke, Braunschweig, Hall in Germany dorf, Germany 107 Hannoverische Maschinenbau, Hanover, Germs MUNITIONS DIVISION 108 Gusstahlfabrik Friedrich Krupp, Essen, Gei-ma Heavy Industr)' Branch 66 The Coking Industry Report of Germany OIL DIVISION 109 Oil Division Final Report 67 Coking Plant Report No. 1, Sections A, B, C, & D 68 Gutehoffnungshuette, Oberhausen, Germany 110 Oil Division Final Report, Appendix 111 Powder, Explosives, 69 Friedrich-Alfred Hutte, Rheinhausen, Germany Special Rockets and , Propellants, Gases and 70 Neunkirchen Eisenwerke A G, Neunkirchen, Ger- War Smoke Acid (M; many isterial Report #1) 112 Underground and Dispersal Plants in 71 Reichswerke Hermann Goering A G, Hallendorf, Greater G( Germany many 113 The Oil 72 August Thyssen Huette A G, Hamborn, Germany German Industry, Ministerial Repc Team 78 73 Friedrich Krupp A G, Borbeck Plant, Essen, Ger- many 114 Ministerial Report on Chemicals 74 Hoei'der Huettenverein A G, Dortmund, Oil Branch Germany 115 Ammoniak werke Merseburg G m b H, Leuna, Ge 75 Hoesch A G, Dortmund, Germany many—2 appendices 76 Bochumer Verein fuer Gusstahlfabrikation A G, 116 Braunkohle Benzin A G, Zeitz and Bohlen, Ge Eochum, Germany many Motor Vehicles and Tanks Branch Wintershall A G, Luetzkendorf, Germany 77 German Motor Vehicles Industry Report 117 Ludwigshafen-Oppau Works of I G Farbenindu 78 Tank Industry Report trie A G, Ludwigshafen, Gennany 79 Daimler Benz A G, Unterturkheim, Germany 118 Ruhroel Hydrogenation Plant, Bottrop-Boy, Ge 80 Renault Motor Vehicles Plant, Billancourt, Paris many. Vol I, Vol II 81 Adam Opel, Russelheim, Germany 119 Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Harbui 82 Daimler Benz-Gaggenau Works, Gaggenau, Ger- Refinery, Hamburg, Germany many 120 Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Grassbrot 83 Maschinenfabiik Augsburg-Nurnberg, Nurnberg, Refinery, Hamburg, Germany Germany 121 Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Wilhelm 84 Auto Union A G, and Zwickau, Germany burg Refinery, Hamburg, Germany 85 Henschel and Sohn, Ka.ssel, Germany 122 Gewerkschaft Victor, Castrop-Rauxel, German 86 Maybach Motor Works, Friedrichshafen, Germany Vol I & Vol II 87 Voigtlander Maschinenfabrik A G, Plauen, Ger- 123 Europaeische Tanklager und Transport A G, Har many burg, Germany

34 —

Germany Ebano Asphalt Werke A G, Harburg Refinery, IGO Gustloff-Werke Weimar, Weimar, Kassel, Germany Hamburg:, Germany 161 Henschel and Sohn GmbH, Meerbeck Rheinpreussen Synthetic Oil Plant 162 Area Survey at Pirmasens, Germany 16.3 Hanover, Germany Vol I & Vol II Hanomag, ir.4 MAN Werke Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany Rubber Branch 165 Friedrich Krupp A G, Essen, Germany 166 Erla Maschinenwerke, G m b H, Heiterblick, Ger- Deutsche Dunlop Gummi Co., Hanau on Main, Germany many 167 T G Maschinenbau G m b H, Mockau, Germany Continental Gunimiwerke, Hanover, Germany A 168 Erla Maschinenwerke GmbH, Mockau, Germany Huels Synthetic Rubber Plant 169 Bayerischa Motorenwerke DurrerTioff, Germany Ministerial Report on German Rubber Industry 170 Mittel-Deutsche Motorenwerke G m b H, Taucha,

Propellants Branch Germany 171 Submarine Pens Deutsche-Werft, Hamburg, Ger- Munich, Germany Elektro Cheniischewerke, many Schoenebeck Explosive Plant, Lignose Sprengstoff 172 Multi-Storied Structures, Hamburg, Germany Werke G m b H, Bad Salzemen, Germany 173 Continental Gunimiwerke, Hanover, Germany Plants of Dynamit A G, Vormal, Alfred Nobel & 174 Kassel Marshalling Yards, Kassel, Germany Co, Troisdorf, Clausthal, Drummel and Dune- 175 Ammoniskwerke, Mersburg-leuna, Germany berg, Germany 176 Brown Boveri et Cie, Mannheim, Kafertal, Ger- Deutsche Sprengchemie GmbH, Kraiburg, Ger- many many 177 Adam Opel A G, Russelheim, Germany 178 Daimler-Benz A G, Unterturkheim, Germany OVER-ALL ECONOMIC EFFECTS DIVISION 179 Valentin Submarine Assembly, Farge, Germany Effects Division Report Over-all Economic 180 Volkswaggonwerke, Fallersleben, Germany Gross National Product jS pecial papers 181 Railway Viaduct at Bielefeld, Germany Kriegs Eil Berichte - ' which together 182 Ship Yards Howaldtswerke, Hamburg, Germany Herman Goering Works / comprise the 183 Blohm and Voss Shipyards, Hamburg, Germany

Food and Agricultui-e _ y above report 184 Daimler-Benz A G, Mannheim, Germany Industrial Sales Output and Productivity 185 Synthetic Oil Plant, Meerbeck-Hamburg, Germany 186 Gewerkschaft Victor, Castrop-Rauzel, Germany PHYSICAL DAMAGE DIVISION 187 Klockner Humblolt Deutz, Ulm, Germany Ruhroel Hydrogenation Plant, Bettrop-Boy, Ger- Physical Damage Division Report (ETO) 188 Villaeoublay Airdrome, Paris, France many Eisenwerke A G, Neukirchen, Ger- Railroad Repair Yards, Malines, Belgium 189 Neukirchen Railroad Repair Yards, Louvain Belgium many Viaduct at Altenbecken, Germany Railroad Repair Yards, Hasselt, Belgium 190 Railway Viaduct at Arnsburg, Germany Railroad Repair Yards, Namur, Belgium 191 Railway 192 Deurag-Nerag Refineries, Misburg, Germany Submarine Pens, Brest, France 193 Fire Raids on German Cities Powder Plant, Angouleme, France Farbenindustrie, Ludwigshafen, Germany, Vol Powder Plant, Bergerac, France 194 I G Coking Plants, Montigny & Liege-Belgium I & Vol II 195 Roundhouse in Marshalling Yard, Ulm, Germany Fort St. Blaise Verdun Group, Metz, France 196 I G Farbenindustrie, Leverkusen, Germany Gnome et Rhone, Limoges, France Huels, Michelin Tire Factory, Clermont-Ferrand, France 197 Chemische-Werke, Germany 198 Gremberg Marshalling Yard, Gremberg, Germany Gnome et Rhone Aero Engine Factory, Le Mans, Germany France 199 Locomotive Shops and Bridges at Hamm, Kugelfisher Bearing Ball Plant, Ebelspach, Ger- many TRANSPORTATION DIVISION Louis Breguet Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France 200 Transportation Division Report S. N. C. A. S. E. Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France 201 Rail Operations Over the Brenner Pass A. I. A. Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France 202 Effects of Bombing on Railroad Installations in V Weapons in London Regensburg, Nurnberg and Munich Divisions City Area of 203 German Locomotive Industry During the War Public Air Raid Shelters in Germany 204 Wehrmacht Traffiic Over the Gei-man Railroads Goldenberg Thermal Electric Power Station, Knapsack, Germany Brauweiler Transformer & Switching Station, • UTILITIES DIVISION Brauweiler, Germany 205 German Electric Utilities Industry Report Storage Depot, Nahbollenbach, Germany 206 1 to 10 in Vol I "Utilities Division Plant Reports" Railway and Road Bridge, Bad Munster, Germany 207 11 to 20 in Vol II "Utilities Division Plant Reports" Railway Bridge, Eller, Germany 208 21 Rheinische-Westfalische Elektrizitatswerk A G

35 Divisio 21 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Propeller Corporation Report No. VI Kogyo KK, Pui OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN (Sumitomo Kinzoku Seizosho) (Pacific War) 1 Summary Report (Propellers) the War 2 Japan's Struggle to End 22 Hitachi Aircraft Company on Hiroshima and 3 The Effects of Atomic Bombs Corporation Report No. VII Nagasaki (Hitachi Kokuki KK) & Engines) CIVILIAN STUDIES (Airframes 23 Japan International Air Industries, Ltd. Civilian Defense Divisio n Corporation Report No. VIII (Nippon Kokusai Koku Kogyo KK) Covering Air Raid Protection and 4 Field Report (Airframes) Allied Subjects, Tokyo, Japan and 24 Japan Musical Instrument Manufacturing C Report Covering Air Raid Protection 5 Field Corporation Report No. IX Allied Subjects, Nagasaki, Japan and (Nippon Gakki Seizo KK) Report Covering Air Raid Protection 6 Field (Propellers) Allied Subjects, Kyoto, Japan and 25 Tachikawa Aircraft Company Report Covering Air Raid Protection 7 Field Corporation Report No. X Allied Subjects, Kobe, Japan and (Tachikawa Hikoki KK) Report Covering Air Raid Protection 8 Field (Airframes) Allied Subjects, Osaka, Japan 26 Fuji Airplane Company Covering Air Raid Protection and 9 Field Report Report No. XI No. 1 Corporation Allied Subjects, Hiroshima, Japan— (Fuji Hikoki KK) Report Covering Air Raid Protection 10 Summary (Airframes) and Allied Subjects in Japan and 27 Showa Airplane Company Final Report Covering Air Raid Protection 11 Corporation Report No. XII Allied Subjects in Japan (Showa Hikoki Kogyo KK) Medical Division (Airframes) 28 Ishikawajima Aircraft Industries Company, Medical 12 The Effects of Bombing on Health and Corporation Report No. XIII Services in Japan (Ishikawajima Koku Kogyo Kabus and Med- 13 The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Health Kaisha) ical Services in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Engines) Morale Division 29 Nippon Airplane Company Japanese 14 The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Corporation Report No. XIV Morale (Nippon Hikoki KK) ECONOMIC STUDIES (Airframes) 30 Kyushu Airplane Company Aircraft Division Corporation Report No. XV (Kyushu Hikoki KK) Japanese Aircraft Industry 15 The (Airframes) 16 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 31 Shoda Engineering Company Corporation Report No. I Corporation Report No. XVI (Mitsubishi Jukogyo KK) (Shoda Seisakujo) (Airframes & Engines) (Components) 17 Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd. 32 Mitaka Aircraft Industries Corporation Report No. II Corporation Report No. XVII (Nakajima Hikoki KK) ( (Mitaka Koku Kogyo Kabushiki K (Airframes & Engines) (Components) 18 Kawanishi Aircraft Company 33 Nissan Automobile Company Corporation Report No. Ill Corporation Report No. XVIII (Kawanishi Kokuki Kabushiki Kaisha) (Nissan Jidosha KK) (Airframes) (Engines) 19 Kawasaki Aircraft Industries Company, Inc. 34 Army Air Arsenal & Navy Air Depots Corporation Report No. IV Corporation Report No. XIX (Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo Babushiki (Airframes and Engines) Kaisha) 35 Japan Aircraft Underground (Airframes & Engines) Report No. XX 20 Aichi Aircraft Company Corporation Report No. V Basic Materials Division (Aichi Kokuki KK) Metals in Japan's War Economy (Airframes & Engines) 36 Coal and

36 . —

India World jital Goods, Equipment and Construction Division 67 Air Operations in China, Burma, — War II ?he Japanese Construction Industry 68 The Air Transport Command in the War Against apanese Electrical Equipment Japan pe Japanese Machine Building Industry- 69 The Thirteenth Air Force in the War Against Electric Power Division Japan 70 The Seventh and Eleventh Air Forces in the War The Electric Power Industry of Japan Against Japan The Electric Power Industry of -Japan (Plant Re- 71 The Fifth Air Force in the War Against Japan ports) Naval Analysis Division Vlanpower, Food and Civilian Supplies Division 72 The Interrogations of Japanese Officials (Vols. I The Japanese Wartime Standard of Living and and II) Utilization of Manpower 73 Campaigns of the Pacific War Military Supplies Division 74 The Reduction of Wake Island 75 The Allied Campaign Against Rabaul jiapanese War Production Industries 76 The American Campaign Against Wotje, Maloelap, Japanese Naval Ordnance Mille, and Jaluit (Vols. I, II and III) lapanese Army Ordnance 77 The Reduction of Truk Japanese Naval Shipbuilding 78 The Offensive Mine Laying Campaign Against Japanese Motor Vehicle Industry Japan Japanese Merchant Shipbuilding 79 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party Oil and Chemical Division Foreword, Introduction, Conclusions, and Gen- eral Summary Chemicals in Japan's War 80 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Chemicals in Japan's War—Appendix Closure A), Kamaishi Area Oil in Japan's War 81 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Oil in Japan's War—Appendix closure , Area B ) Hamamatsu ^ Over-All Economic Effects Division 82 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- closure C), Hitachi Area The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japan's War 8.3 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Economy (Including Appendix A: U. S. Econom- closure D), Hakodate Area ic Intelligence on Japan—Analysis and Compari- 84 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En-

son ; Appendix B : Gross National Product on closure E), Muroran Area Japan and Its Components; Appendix C: Statis- 85 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- tical Sources) closure F), Shimzu Area Transportation Division 86 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- closures G and H), Shionomi-Saki and Nojima- The War Against Japanese Transportation, 1941- Saki Areas 1945 87 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Urban Areas Division closure I), Comments and Data on Effectiveness Effects of Air Attack on Japanese Urban Economy of Ammunition (Summary Report) 88 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Effects of Air Attack on Urban Complex Tokyo- closure J), Comments and Data on Accuracy of Kawasaki-Yokohama Firing Effects of Air Attack on City of Nagoya 89 Reports of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Effects of Air Attack Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto on closure K) , Effects of Surface Bombardments on Effects of Air Attack on City of Nagasaki Japanese War Potential Effects of Air Attack on the City of Hiroshima Physical Damage Division MILITARY STUDIES 90 Effect of the Incendiary Bomb Attacks on Japan Military Analysis Division (a Report on Eight Cities) Air Forces Allied with the United States in the 91 The Effects of the Ten Thousand Pound Bomb on War Against Japan Japanese Targets (a Report on Nine Incidents) Japanese Air Power 92 Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan Japanese Air Weapons and Tactics 93 Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki, Japan The Effect of Air Action on Japanese Ground Army 94 Effects of the Four Thousand Pound Bomb on Jap- Logistics anese Targets (a Report on Five Incidents) Employment of Foi'ces Under the Southwest Pacific 95 Effects of Two Thousand, One Thousand, and Five Command Hundred Pound Bombs on Japanese Targets (a The Strategic Air Operations of Very Heavy Bomb- Report on Eight Incidents) bardment in the War Against Japan (Twentieth 96 A Report on Physical Damage in Japan (Summary Air Force) Report)

37 G-2 Division 103 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in th Japanese Homeland, 97 Japanese M ilitary and Naval Intelligence Part VI, Shipping as Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the 104 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in tb

Japanese Homeland, Part I, Comprehensive Japanese Homeland, Part VII, Electronics Report 105 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in thi 99 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part VIII, Beach hitelli Japanese Homeland, Part II, Airfields gence 100 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the 106 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in thi Japanese Homeland, Part III, Computed Bomb Japanese Homeland, Part IX, Artillery Plotting ! 107 Evaluation of 101 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Photographic Intelligence in the Japanese Homeland, Part IV, Urban Area Japanese Homeland, Part X, Roads ayid Rail Analysis roads \ 102 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the 108 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in jth< Japanese Homeland, Part V, Camouflage Japanese Homeland, Part XI, Industrial Ana Ish

i! U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1947—704696

38

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