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Eastern and Western Look at the History of the Silk Road
Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 9, 2020 EASTERN AND WESTERN LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF THE SILK ROAD Kobzeva Olga1, Siddikov Ravshan2, Doroshenko Tatyana3, Atadjanova Sayora4, Ktaybekov Salamat5 1Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 2Docent, Candidate of historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 3Docent, Candidate of Historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 4Docent, Candidate of Historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 5Lecturer at the History faculty, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] Received: 17.03.2020 Revised: 02.04.2020 Accepted: 11.05.2020 Abstract This article discusses the eastern and western views of the Great Silk Road as well as the works of scientists who studied the Great Silk Road. The main direction goes to the historiography of the Great Silk Road of 19-21 centuries. Keywords: Great Silk Road, Silk, East, West, China, Historiography, Zhang Qian, Sogdians, Trade and etc. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.09.17 INTRODUCTION another temple in Suzhou, sacrifices are offered so-called to the The historiography of the Great Silk Road has thousands of “Yellow Emperor”, who according to a legend, with the help of 12 articles, monographs, essays, and other kinds of investigations. -
Article the 90-Year Evolution of Japan's Academic Interest in Iran
Article 29 The 90-year Evolution of Japan’s Academic Interest in Iran Keiko Sakurai Professor, Faculty of International Research and Education, Waseda University Director, Organization for Islamic Area Studies, Waseda University I. Introduction War II broke out. Despite Iran’s declared neutrality, Britain and the Soviet Union jointly invaded Iran in 1929 1941 marked the beginning of official diplomatic , believing Rez‥ā Shāh to have closer ties to the relations between Japan and Iran. The countries signed Axis powers, particularly Germany. Iran remained a “Japan-Persia Temporary Trade Agreement” that under Anglo-Soviet control until 1946. year, and Japan opened a diplomatic office in Tehran Under the Anglo-Soviet Occupation, Iran broke that August. A Persian diplomatic office was later off relations with Japan in April 1942, and in 1945 opened in Tokyo in July 1930. Diplomatic contacts declared war against the Axis powers, including Japan. between two countries, however, actually started as After the San Francisco Peace Treaty came into effect early as 1878, when Japan’s special envoy to Russia in 1952, diplomatic ties between the countries were Takeaki Enomoto met with Persian monarch Nās4 er al- reestablished in November 1953 and have continued 2 Dīn Shāh in Saint Petersburg. Two years later, Japan uninterrupted since then. sent its first official delegation to Tehran, headed by Iran’s oil boom in 1973 accelerated economic 1 Masaharu Yoshida. Yoshida was granted an audience interactions with Japan. Nonetheless, personal contact with Nās4 er al-Dīn Shāh in 1880, and brought an between Japanese and Iranian citizens was mostly official communiqué back to Japan from the Persian limited to diplomacy and business interactions, with Empire. -
Asian Studies Programs in Canada
Asian Studies Programs in Canada University Undergraduate Language Inter- Special Graduate Admission requirements Language requirement Website Requirement disciplinary Programs Programs (for admission) Simon Fraser -Asia-Canada -Yes-6 credits Yes (major in Yes-China No N/A N/A www.sfu.ca/ University Minor Program -No other field) Field School -Certificate in Chinese Studies University of BA Asian studies Yes-6 intro credit hours, 6 Yes Yes + Japan, No N/A N/A www.umanitoba.ca/ Manitoba credit hours India and 200 level or above Hong Kong exchanges University of No Depends on program Grad Program- Study abroad Yes-Collaborative Masters Admission to “home graduate unit’ N/A www.utoronto.ca/ Toronto Yes opportunities program in South Asian for Collaborative Masters in Asia Studies, thesis stream -Anthropology MA and PhD in East Asian -English Studies -Geography MA and PhD in History with -Religion focus in India, China or Japan -Social Work MA and PhD in Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations BA in relevant field with good academic standing and appropriate language training if required University of -BA Asian Area Asian Area studies require Yes Study Abroad Yes-for MA and PhD, see MA:-BA in relevant discipline MA:- 3-4 years previous www.asia.ubc.ca/ British Studies 12 credits of lang. opportunities specific departments -reading competence in 2nd Asian coursework (good reading Columbia -BA Chinese instruction, others require at in Asia (Interdisciplinary) language comprehension) -BA Japanese least 18 credits at the 300 MAs and PhDs are thesis- PhD:-MA in Asian Studies or related -BA Korean level and 6 at the 400 level based field PhD:-good command of Asian -BA South Asian language Languages (Minor only) University of -BA Chinese 30-48 credit units at upper N/A Study Abroad MA in Chinese literature BA with a B average in last two Each MA degree requires 4 http://gradfile.fgsro.u Alberta -BA Japanese year level with 6 units in lit. -
Integral Study of the Silk Roads: Roads of Dialogue, Newsletter
ÍNTEGRAL STUDY OF THE SiLK ROADS; ROADS OF DIALOGUE ÉTUDE INTÉGRALE DES ROUTES DE LA SOIE : ROUTES DE DiALOGUE UNESCO NEWSLETTER Issue No. 3 - April 1993 From the Editor Çf cholars, specialists and artists ofall nationalities have precisely that mysterious cultural alchemy through which a KJ come together to travel the Silk Roads, opened up people absorbs, transforms and assimilates influencesfrom again thanks to UNESCO since 1988, not this time in elsewhere. search ofrare spices, conquests or merchandise but in order The ultimate objective of the Silk Roads Project is to to highlight,from a multidisciplinar)/ viewpoint, that most highlight this dialectic ofgiving and receiving, this redis¬ precious commodity - the dialogue and meeting ofcultures. covery ofproximity. Illuminating the central role played by Already, afterfour international scientific expeditions, the this movement ofpeople, ideas and values in the never- venture has produced a rich and variedyield in theform of ending dialogue between civilizations is an expression, in thirty-five publications, some thirty national documentary cultural terms, of the old law of energy, which states that films, a network ofacademic institutions and several dozen nothing is ever created or destroyed but everything is research scholarships. The Silk Roads Project is thus becom¬ tranformed. The innovative concept of the Roads thus ing a benchmark and a credible frameiiiork for multi- expresses the slow process ofunderlyingforces: ?novement . disciplinary research. encounter ... interaction. Presenting in modem terms, In addition to these practical results, certain concepts - through serious academic research, the fertile concept of weighty in their emotional significance and ofkey impor¬ movement, ofexchanges in the sphere ofideas and values is, tance historically - are beginning to emerge. -
THE MIDDLE EAST in the PAST and FUTURE of SOCIAL SCIENCE Timothy Mitchell
THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE PAST AND FUTURE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Timothy Mitchell The founding of the Middle East Institute in Washington D.C. in May 1946 seems a convenient event to mark the arrival of Middle Eastern area studies in the United States. In January 1947 the Institute launched The Middle East Journal, the first American quarterly devoted to the contemporary Middle East. The journal’s inaugural issue declared that the region was now “very near” the United States, both in point of time-distance and with respect to the United States’ new involvement there in “questions of power politics.” Yet the Middle East remained to all except a very few Americans “essentially terra incognita.”1 The principal purpose of the journal was not to analyze the attitudes and policies of the Western powers, which had shaped the countries of the region in the past. Its aim was to set forth and evaluate the forces shaping the region today, namely “forces and factors engendered in and among these countries themselves -- their national consciousness, urge for economic self-determination, cultural conditions, population pressures, regional understandings.”2 Since these countries shared a common Islamic heritage and experience of European expansionism, moreover, a proper understanding of one country could be acquired “only though a proper knowledge of all.” The journal would therefore present particular conditions and problems in the Middle East “as facets of the whole.”3 Fifty years later, in 1996, the Institute assessed the success of this ambition with an article in the journal entitled “The Study of Middle East Politics 1946-1996: A Stocktaking.”4 The assessment was not a positive one. -
Said-Introduction and Chapter 1 of Orientalism
ORIENTALISM Edward W. Said Routledge & Kegan Paul London and Henley 1 First published in 1978 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 39 Store Street, London WCIE 7DD, and Broadway House, Newton Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon RG9 1EN Reprinted and first published as a paperback in 1980 Set in Times Roman and printed in Great Britain by Redwood Burn Limited Trowbridge & Esher © Edward W. Said 1978 No Part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except for the quotation of brief passage in criticism. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Said, Edward W. Orientalism, 1. East – Study and teaching I. Title 950’.07 DS32.8 78-40534 ISBN 0 7100 0040 5 ISBN 0 7100 0555 5 Pbk 2 Grateful acknowledgements is made to the following for permission to reprint previously published material: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.: Excerpts from Subject of the Day: Being a Selection of Speeches and Writings by George Nathaniel Curzon. George Allen & Unwin Ltd.: Excerpts from Revolution in the Middle East and Other Case Studies, proceedings of a seminar, edited by P. J. Vatikiotis. American Jewish Committee: Excerpts from “The Return of Islam” by Bernard Lewis, in Commentary, vol. 61, no. 1 (January 1976).Reprinted from Commentary by permission.Copyright © 1976 by the American Jewish Committee. Basic Books, Inc.: Excerpts from “Renan’s Philological Laboratory” by Edward W. Said, in Art, Politics, and Will: Essarys in Honor of Lionel Trilling, edited by Quentin Anderson et al. Copyright © 1977 by Basic Books, Inc. The Bodley Head and McIntosh & Otis, Inc.: Excerpts from Flaubert in Egypt, translated and edited by Franscis Steegmuller.Reprinted by permission of Francis Steegmuller and The Bodley Head. -
Taking Sinology Classics As the Carrier to Improve Students’ Humanistic Literacy Juan Lei and Mengdan Xu Jiangxi Modern Polytechnic College
ICOI-2018 The 2018 International Conference of Organizational Innovation Volume 2018 Conference Paper Taking Sinology Classics as the Carrier to Improve Students’ Humanistic Literacy Juan Lei and Mengdan Xu Jiangxi Modern Polytechnic College Abstract As the carrier of Chinese traditional culture, classics of sinology bear a long history and rich humanistic spirit, having a positive effect on the education of students from vocational school. At the moment, the work of the vocational school has been highly employment-oriented, and it’s easy to cause the phenomenon of ‘value major and despise humanity’, with the level of humanistic literacy of the students in vocational school not being high. Consequently, it is particularly important to enhance students’ humanistic literacy through the development of Sinology classics teaching in vocational school. Corresponding Author: Juan Lei Keywords: classics of sinology, vocational education, humanistic literacy [email protected] Received: 29 August 2018 Accepted: 18 September 2018 Published: 11 November 2018 In the decision of the State Council on strengthening the development of modern Publishing services provided by Knowledge E vocational education, new requirements for vocational education have been putted forward. It is pointed out that in order to ensure the overall implementation of qual- Juan Lei and Mengdan Xu. This article is distributed ity education, we should strengthen the scientificity and rationality of the education under the terms of the Creative curriculum. In the course of developing vocational education, we should put the pro- Commons Attribution License, fessional ethics and humanity attainments in the first place and carry them out in which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the whole process of education. -
EDUCATION 2017 Ph.D., Honors, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago Dissertation
AUSTIN M. O’MALLEY Curriculum Vitae University of Arizona 845 N. Park Ave., #442 Tucson, AZ 85719 [email protected] EDUCATION 2017 Ph.D., Honors, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago Dissertation: Poetry and Pedagogy: Te Homiletic Verse of Farid al-Din ʿAṭṭâr 2009 M.A., Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago 2007 B.A., Honors, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago RESEARCH AND TEACHING SPECIALIZATIONS Persian Literature Sufism Islamic Civilization ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT 2017- Roshan Institute Assistant Professor of Persian and Iranian Studies School of Middle Eastern and North African Studies University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 2014-17 Lecturer in Persian Program in Middle East and North African Studies Northwestern University, Evanston IL AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS, HONORS 2019 Research Professorship School of Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Arizona O’Malley CV 1 2018 Course Development Grant Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Arizona 2018 International Travel Grant Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Arizona 2017 Honorable Mention, Foundation For Iranian Studies Dissertation Prize Foundation for Iranian Studies, Bethesda MD 2016 Graduate Council Travel Grant University of Chicago 2015-16 Junior Fellow Martin Marty Center, University of Chicago Divinity School 2013 Jafar and Shokoh Farzaneh Paper Prize University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 2009 Critical Language Scholarship Council of American Overseas Research Centers 2007 Justin Palmer BA Tesis Prize Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago PUBLICATIONS 2021 “Erotic Narratives and the Development of the Didactic Masnavi̱ .” In Te Rout- ledge Handbook of Persian Literature, edited by Kamran Talatof (under review). 2021 “ḴOSROW-NĀMA.” In Encylcopædia Iranica, edited by Ehsan Yarshater and Elton Daniel (under review). -
Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies
Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies An Introduction von Alessandro Bausi, Pier Giorgio Borbone, Françoise Briquel-Chatonnet, Paola Buzi, Jost Gippert, Caroline Macé, Marilena Maniaci, Zisis Melissakis, Laura E. Parodi, Witold Witakowski, Eugenia Sokolinski, COMSt Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies 1. Auflage tredition 2015 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: www.beck.de ISBN 978 3 7323 1768 4 Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG General introduction edited by Alessandro Bausi and Jost Gippert* 1. Scope of COMSt (ABa) 1.1. The background of COMSt Work with manuscripts in both an academic, i.e. scholarly, and a non-academic context involves a huge number of aspects to be considered. It has not been a goal of the COMSt project to work on a theoretical definition of the manuscript, namely to define what a manuscript is. Instead of such a theoretical and com- parative typological approach, the object of COMSt was, right from the beginning, manuscript studies as a conglomeration of already existing disciplines spread among various fields that were to be put in dialogue with each other. For the sake of convenience, a recent definition might be provided as a starting point here, according to which a ‘book’ is ‘a transportable object intended for hosting, sharing and transmitting immediately readable contents in an ordered and lasting way’ (Andrist et al. 2013, 46, my translation). The focus of the COMSt handbook, however, is on a peculiar subtype of the ‘book’, namely handwritten book forms of the codex area, including the horizontal and vertical roll and rotulus, all of them seen in their historical development in a definite historical and geographical area here styled ‘oriental’ (see be- low). -
Study Guide MA Modern Sinology Zentraldokument 161005 MD
Study Guide MA Modern Sinology Winter term 2016/2017 Ostasi atisches Seminar I Heinrich -Düker -Weg 14 I D 37073 Göttingen Welcome Dear Students, We extend you a very warm welcome to the Department of East Asian Studies at the University of Göttingen! You have chosen to pursue one of our sinology Master’s prorgams and are surely very excited about your studies as well as your university life here. To help make your start here as smooth as possible, we have gathered information in this study guide about our department, the sinology Master’s programs and the various organizational aspects of your studies. Please read all of this information very carefully. Should anything remain unclear to you or should you have any questions about your particular situation, please get in touch with the academic advisor. Although your studies will center around required coursework, our programs also allow you to develop your individual research interests. This study guide outlines such opportunities and also provides information about additional course offerings such as calligraphy and a film course. You will also find information about the particulars of the Master’s programs, the options you will have in your chosen program as well as an overview of the wide range of exchange programs on offer. This information will be invaluable to you as you plan your individual course of study in the coming weeks. Please know, too, that we are always happy to have your feedback about our programs; your suggestions will be received positively and incorporated into future iterations of our programs to the extent possible. -
Politics, Classicism, and Medicine During the Eighteenth Century 十八世紀在德川日本 "頌華者" 和 "貶華者" 的 問題 – 以中醫及漢方為主
East Asian Science, Technology and Society: an International Journal DOI 10.1007/s12280-008-9042-9 Sinophiles and Sinophobes in Tokugawa Japan: Politics, Classicism, and Medicine During the Eighteenth Century 十八世紀在德川日本 "頌華者" 和 "貶華者" 的 問題 – 以中醫及漢方為主 Benjamin A. Elman Received: 12 May 2008 /Accepted: 12 May 2008 # National Science Council, Taiwan 2008 Abstract This article first reviews the political, economic, and cultural context within which Japanese during the Tokugawa era (1600–1866) mastered Kanbun 漢 文 as their elite lingua franca. Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges were based on prestigious classical Chinese texts imported from Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) China via the controlled Ningbo-Nagasaki trade and Kanbun texts sent in the other direction, from Japan back to China. The role of Japanese Kanbun teachers in presenting language textbooks for instruction and the larger Japanese adaptation of Chinese studies in the eighteenth century is then contextualized within a new, socio-cultural framework to understand the local, regional, and urban role of the Confucian teacher–scholar in a rapidly changing Tokugawa society. The concluding part of the article is based on new research using rare Kanbun medical materials in the Fujikawa Bunko 富士川文庫 at Kyoto University, which show how some increasingly iconoclastic Japanese scholar–physicians (known as the Goiha 古醫派) appropriated the late Ming and early Qing revival of interest in ancient This article is dedicated to Nathan Sivin for his contributions to the History of Science and Medicine in China. Unfortunately, I was unable to present it at the Johns Hopkins University sessions in July 2008 honoring Professor Sivin or include it in the forthcoming Asia Major festschrift in his honor. -
IS SINOLOGY a SCIENCE ? (Full Text)
IS SINOLOGY A SCIENCE ? (full text) ‘Certainly, it is,’ sinologists may indignantly respond to this rarely raised, though legitimate question. ‘For what other reason would academics treat us as their colleagues,’ they probably will add, as if good-fellowship were proof of scientific qualifications. Well, I am not so sure. Indeed, the thesis I wish to put forward is that sinology (Chin Hanxue or Zhongguo yanjiu, Jap Shinagaku or Chugoku kenkyu) is to be dismissed as pseudo-science, because its practitioners do not command a theory of their own. I do not expect this Copernican proposition to draw down a storm of cheers everywhere. On the contrary, if booing and hissing are accorded to me, I will not be surprised. Yet, a statement saying that there is something fundamentally amiss in sinology should spark a lively debate among scholars. One can only speculate about the result of such a choc des opinions, but it is an unassailable fact that exploration of the base needs to be done before expansion of a building. If occupying oneself with things Chinese is important in this rapidly changing world, so is that second-order activity: scrutinising sinology itself. To avoid misunderstanding, I request the reader to bear one thing in mind all the way through. ‘Students of China’ fall into two distinct categories: (a) graduates in sinology only, i.e., those who learned (modern-standard as well as classical-literary) Chinese and have read all sorts of things about China, and (b) social or human scientists who, after receiving their academic degrees, have concentrated on aspects of China related to their expertise.1 My harsh words are exclusively addressed to group a.