ÍNTEGRAL STUDY OF THE SiLK ROADS; ROADS OF DIALOGUE

ÉTUDE INTÉGRALE DES ROUTES DE LA SOIE : ROUTES DE DiALOGUE

UNESCO NEWSLETTER

Issue No. 3 - April 1993

From the Editor

Çf cholars, specialists and artists ofall nationalities have precisely that mysterious cultural alchemy through which a KJ come together to travel the Silk Roads, opened up people absorbs, transforms and assimilates influencesfrom again thanks to UNESCO since 1988, not this time in elsewhere. search ofrare spices, conquests or merchandise but in order The ultimate objective of the Silk Roads Project is to to highlight,from a multidisciplinar)/ viewpoint, that most highlight this dialectic ofgiving and receiving, this redis¬ precious commodity - the dialogue and meeting ofcultures. covery ofproximity. Illuminating the central role played by Already, afterfour international scientific expeditions, the this movement ofpeople, ideas and values in the never- venture has produced a rich and variedyield in theform of ending dialogue between civilizations is an expression, in thirty-five publications, some thirty national documentary cultural terms, of the old law of energy, which states that films, a network ofacademic institutions and several dozen nothing is ever created or destroyed but everything is research scholarships. The Silk Roads Project is thus becom¬ tranformed. The innovative concept of the Roads thus ing a benchmark and a credible frameiiiork for multi- expresses the slow process ofunderlyingforces: ?novement . . . disciplinary research. encounter ... interaction. Presenting in modem terms, In addition to these practical results, certain concepts - through serious academic research, the fertile concept of weighty in their emotional significance and ofkey impor¬ movement, ofexchanges in the sphere ofideas and values is, tance historically - are beginning to emerge. This is true of in the last analysis, to counter tendencies - old and new - the concept of identity, a vital force but also a cause of towards confinement, enclosure and rejection. oppression and domination, a Janus concept, which can The active co-operation ofscholars and artistsjourney¬ mean both self-affirmation and the denial ofthe other. The ing together along the path towards the rediscovery of a studies carried out under the Project have revealed the long shared heritage, given wider I'esonance by the media ac¬ memory of the Silk Roads, like a slender thread of an companying the expeditions, and providing the basis for ancient dialogue between civilizations, showing that iden¬ joint research leading to publications, could providefertile tity, seen with theperspective ofhistoiy, cannot be viewed as groundfor a genuine meeting ofpeoples, something which a ghetto or an enclosure, but must be achieved and recog¬ is so urgently needed in order to change the spirit ofthe times. nized as a process, a synthesis and an encounter. It expresses D. Diène, Director

In this issue... Project News Meetings 2 Expeditions 2 international seminars 4 International research programmes 4 Scliolarstiips 5 Scientific network 6 The Sill( Roads Festival 6 Publications 7 Media 8 Associated Projects Programme 9 Countiynews 9 Acknowledgements 10 Map of Expeditions 12

Project address UNESCO, 7, Place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris Tei.: (33.1)45 68 18 14'45 6818 12 Telegram: Unesco Paris Telex: 204461 Paris Telefax: (33.1) 42 73 16 88

©The Project logo was designed by the UNESCO Graphic Unit and symbolizes the on and Maritime route expedition. International seminar 'China land and sea routes (in yellow and blue) the Maritime Routes of the Silk Roads', Quanzhou (China), February 1991. forming the letters S and R of Silk Roads. Photo: UNESCO/Silk Roads PROJECT NEWS

MEETINGS to retrace the ancient Silk Routes, UNESCO by His Majesty Sultan working with local scholars in the Qaboos bin Said of Oman, retraced field in order to widen the scope of the Maritime Route from Venice April 1992 in New Delhi. At the their studies and to further scholarly (Italy) to Osaka (Japan), calling at invitation of the Government of research in disciplines relating to the twenty-one ports en route. The India, the International Consultative Project. The personal contacts made Steppe Route Expedition in 1991 Committee held its third meeting contribute to the setting up of lasting crossed five Central Asian Republics: during which members assessed the institutional relations between Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan, implementation of the programme members of the academic communi¬ Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and since the previous meeting in Bagh¬ ties of the participating countries. Kazakhstan. dad (March 1990). Working groups The expeditions also provide an The fourth expedition followed the were formed which smdied in detail opportunity to broaden knowledge of Nomads' Route in Mongolia in all aspects of the programme and the culmral identity, heritage and July-August 1992. An international made recommendations regarding living arts of the countries visited, scientific team composed of forty-four famre activities. The Committee seen in the light of a wider specialists from twenty-three different expressed its gratimde to the Govern¬ interculmral dialogue and a common countries, and eleven scholars from ment of India and the Archaeological heritageJThey generate not only the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia, Survey of India for hosting the sÊréntific programmes and research, travelled some 3000 km along the meeting and for organizing a pro¬ but also publications, magazines and nomad trails from Khobdo in the gramme enabling members to meet documentary films for both specialists Altai mountains, eastwards to the Indian scholars from the National and the general public, thanks to wide capital Ulan Bator. Their objective Museum and the Indira Gandhi coverage by the international media. was to study in situ the civilization of Centre for the Arts and to visit Participating scholars consider the the nomads of this area of the Silk historic sites in Delhi and Agra. concept of expeditions to be particu¬ Roads, known as The Empire ofthe larly appropriate in view of their Steppe, the expansion of which many concrete nature and multi-disciplinary centaries ago had such lasting conse¬ 29 June to 1 July 1992 in Paris. Consultative meeting on the creation approach. In addition, they enable quences for the history of Eurasia. of an International Institute of international teams to visit areas Twenty-eight lectores and discussions Central Asian Studies, recommended which might otherwise be restricted took place en route, and the team by the International Scientific Team or to which access might be difficult. members visited some thirty-three of the Steppe Route Expedition in Since 1990, there have been four cultoral, archaeological and natoral 1991. The aims of this Institute are international expeditions: The first on sites, monuments, monasteries and a) to refocus the attention of the the Desert Route in China, from museums. The programme enabled international community on this key Xian to Kashgar, took place in July/ the team to see many aspects of the region, underlining both the impor¬ August 1990. From October 1990 to traditional cultore and way of life of tance of its historic legacy and its March 1991 die 'Eulk al Salamah' the nomads such as music, dance, contemporary and future role; b) to (Ship of Peace), graciously loaned to games, animal rearing, as well as the encourage closer collaboration between Central Asian academics and those of other countries. The first International Congress on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation in Central Asia (Tehran, 14-18 November 1992) proposed that, in order to set up the Instimte rapidly, consultations to determine its nature, funding and location, as well as to define its scientific programmes, should be held with the academic communities and authorities of countries of the region, and other interested Member States.

EXPEDITIONS

The expeditions constitute, in the opinion of the participants, the most original way of implementing scien-

! tifically the Silk Roads Project, and \ illustrate its innovative approach in the field of international intellecmal cooperation. Eor the first time, UNESCO has enabled Steppe route expedition. Work on the archaeological site of Shrakrakhiya multidisciplinary teams of specialists (Uzbekistan), May 1991. Photo: Molenaar/UNESCO/Silk Roads Caravan of nomads (Mongolia), July 1992. Photo: Baumard/UNESCO/Silk Roads

making of dairy products and felt, and (Sanghol)-Lahore-Manikyala-Taxila- the construction oigers. Participants Attock-Shahbazgarhi-Peshawar SOIVIE FACTS AND attended the inauguration of three (Swat)-Jalalabad (Hadda)-Kabul- exhibitions on the nomadic civiliza¬ Bamiyan-Termez-Takht-Sanginvia- FIGURES ON THE tion of Mongolia in Khobdo, at the Dushanbe-Pamir-Kashgar-Yarkand- EXPEDITIONS TO DATE Monastery of Erdene Zu, and at the Khotan-Niya-Dunhuang. An interna¬ Cultoral Centre of Ulan Bator. The tional seminar is foreseen in each of Expedition ended in Ulan Bator with the six countries. international seminars: 24 an international seminar from 3-5 The Western Desert Route from August on the theme The No?nads of Papers given: 407 Merv (Turkmenistan) to Istanbul Central Asia and the Silk Roads. The (Turkey) in 1994, through Iran, Iraq, Scientific lectures and first of the thirty-seven papers was and Syria. debates: 241 given by Prof. Sh. Bira (Mongolia) on The Mongol Empire (13th-14th centu¬ The East Africa Route linking Visits to sites, monuments ries): East-West relations. A twenty- Oman, India and the East coast of and museums: 257 eight-member International Multi- Africa, in 1994/95, as a continuation Participating scholars Media Team (print media, radio, of the Maritime Route Expedition. television, photographers) covered the 205 from 45 countries (as well Expedition with a view to producing The European Silk Route in 1995, as many local scholars on the documentary films, radio pro¬ starting in Istanbul and ending in spot) Lyon (Erance), passing through grammes, magazines and books. Publications stemming from Greece, Italy, and Spain. This expedi¬ the expeditions tion will be organized in close col¬ 22 (plus 16 foreseen) laboration with the Council of FUTURE EXPEDITIONS Europe. Many articles by participating scholars have been published The Ibn Battuta Route in 1996, in specialized journals and starting in Morocco, through the In order to complete the stody of the magazines, e.g. Antike Welt Sahara desert, Arabian peninsula, main themes of research relating to (Germany), Archéologia and Pakistan and India. In view of the the Silk Roads, and to cover the Historia (France) principal axes connecting the cultoral extent of Ibn Battota's travels, it was areas of Eurasia, the Consultative suggested that parts of this route Media coverage Committee recommended to the might be included in other expedi¬ More than 400 articles in the Director-General a tentative list of tions proposed. world press as well as in-flight expeditions to be organized subject to The Altaic Route through Mongolia, magazines ('Serendib', Air Lanka, and 'Silver Kris', the agreement of countries concerned Russian Federation, China, the Singapore Airlines) and the availability of funding: Korean peninsula and Japan. Consul¬ tations with the countries concerned Documentary films The Buddhist Route in 1994, have been initiated and will continue 36 national films produced and beginning in Nalanda (India) and in order to determine the scientific aired; some 400 hours of ending at Dunhuang in China, basis for this expedition, as well as its footage are held in the through Pakistan, Afghanistan, feasibility and timing. Project's Image Bank for the Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The co-production of international tentative itinerary proposed by the The Transpacific Route. documentaries, educational Committee is as follows: Guangzhou (Canton, China), Manilla films and videos. Nalanda-Rajgir-Vaishali-Bodhgaya- (Philippines), Acapulco (Mexico). Sarnath-Kausambi-Kannauj- Dates to be fixed in consultation with Mathura-Delhi-Chandigarh the countries concerned. INTERNATIONAL During the Nomads' Route Expedi¬ A series of research workshops will RESEARCH tion in Mongolia, specialists collected begin in 1993: the first is proposed at data and images of petroglyphs, some the University of Turku (Finland), PROGRAMMES hitherto unrecorded, which will be and another is foreseen in Bonn published in this programme. (Germany). An international s}'mpo- International Coordinator: sium will be held, probably in 1997, Implementation of the five interna¬ H-P. Francfort, Research Director, and the results of líe workshops and tional research programmes of the CNRS, France. symposium will be published. Silk Roads Project is continuing: With a view to safeguarding this non- physical heritage of mankind, several Petroglyphs Programme: Corpus Epics the Roads. The Along Silk scholars have proposed, in the and Study of the Petroglyphs of main aim this programme is to of framework of the World Decade for Central Asia. The programme is collect and to analyse the oral or Cultoral Development, the setting up being implemented in collaboration written-oral epic traditions the of in UNESCO of international archives with national scientific coordinators countries along the Silk Roads. of epics, using modern technology (China, Germany, India, Kazakhstan, Networks scholars South, South- of in (audio, video and data processing). Mongolia, Russian Federation). An East and Central Asia, and Europe are Coordinator: Dr. N. Revel, Research international seminar on 'Rock Art of engaged the chants in collecting of Director, CNRS, France. Central Asia: methodology for collec¬ living bards, transcribing and translat¬ tion, interpretation and protection of ing the texts and analysing their Central Asian petroglyphs' will be held content. This work is currently being Languages and Scripts of the Silk in Paris in 1994, together with an carried out by Prof W. Heissig in Roads. This programme aims to exhibition of mouldings and photo¬ Germany, Prof. L. Honko in Finland, make a stody of the means of commu¬ graphs, in the framework of the Prof R. Hamayon and Dr. N. Revel nication used along the Silk Roads, UNESCO Festival of the Silk Roads. in France, Prof. S. Pitiphat and Prof. focusing more specifically on the use The aim of the programme is to set up Prakhon Nimanhenin in Thailand; of language in its written or oral form a computerized inventory of images Ms. K. Vatsyayan is coordinating as a link or impediment to exchanges and groups of images with brief other scholars in India. National between different civilizations. Four descriptors. One or more photographic archives are now being assembled and seminars were proposed at the albums in colour will be published. developed. Consultative Committee meeting in

INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS AND SYMPOSIA

1992 The Silk Roads Project participated in the festivities International seminar in Palmyra, Syria, on 'Tadmur and organized in Paris on the occasion of the Chinese New the Silk Road' (April 1992), organized by the Government Year: screening of a documentary film produced by of Syria UNESCO on the Silk Roads on 28 January, followed by lectures by French specialists. International symposium in Sagres, Portugal, on 'Maritime Routes and Associated Networks' organized by the Space Archaeology Programme. The international Portuguese National Commission for UNESCO from expert meeting held on 11-12 February in Paris proposed 28 April-1 May 1992 (Associated Project) the following Silk Roads sites to be studied with the Colloquium on 'The Silk Roads: scientific and cultural collaboration of the countries concerned: Merv, Palmyra problems', organized by the French Silk Roads Commit¬ and the Takiamakan desert. The detailed work schedule tee and Singer-Polignac Foundation, Paris (13 May 1992) for the programme was established. An international workshop will be held in September in Nara, Japan, to Colloquium on 'Marseilles on the Silk Roads', organized study the results of research. An exhibition of satellite by Prof. J-L. Miège, University of Provence, Marseilles images will be held simultaneously, and possibly later at^ (18 May 1992) La Villette, Paris. Colloquium on the Silk Roads Itinerary in the United Buddhist Research Information Centre. Expert meeting Kingdom, organized by the Council of Europe in to establish standards for computerizing ancient scripts Macclesfield, U.K. (26-30 May 1992) (Colombo, Sri Lanka, September 1993) Colloquium on 'Samarkand and Sogdiana in Antiquity and the Middle Ages', organized by Paul Bernard, CNRS, Epics along the Silk Roads. The first of a series of Paris (21-25 June 1992) workshops for specialists is foreseen on 'Oral Epics along the Silk Roads: Problems of Mental Text, Performance International seminar on 'The Nomads of Central Asia and Written Codification' at the University of Turku, and the Silk Roads' organized at the close of the Expedi¬ Finland, (Prof. L. Honko), from 3 to 7 June 1993. A second tion in Mongolia, Ulan Bator (3-5 August 1992) workshop is proposed for July at the University of Bonn, 1993 Germany (Prof. W. Heissig). Starting in 1993, a series of lectures on themes related to 6 seminars to be held during the Buddhist Route Expedi¬ the Silk Roads by participants in the Project's Expeditions, tion, if feasible. or specialists collaborating in the programme, is being Seminar on planned at the Espace Kronenbourg, Ave. George V, 'The historical role of Aleppo on the Silk to be held in autumn 1993 in Aleppo, Syria. Paris. On 18 March, Pierre-Henri Giscard, Secretary Roads', General, Institut des déserts, Paris, gave the first lecture Seminar on 'Spain on the Silk Routes: ten centuries of on 'The Silk Roads over the Mongolian Steppe: An ac¬ production and trade between Orient and Occident', at count of a UNESCO Expedition'. the University of Valencia, Spain (December 1993). L New Delhi: Tanguages used on the Silk Road': Land Routes, Sea Routes; ^The ^^^mmmmasisimmmEii^^^ role ofinterpreters or translators^; Tinguistic interactions between East and Ikuo Hirayama, Japanese artist and Goodwill Ambassador of UNESCO, has West as reflected by Loan Words' contributed $1 million for a ten-year programme of scholarships for young (tentatively planned for spring 1 994 at researchers, particularly from developing countries, working in fields of study the Rockefeller Stody Centre in related to the Silk Roads. 10 scholarships have been awarded each year Bellagio, Italy). Coordinator: since 1990. The following scholarships were awarded in 1992: Denis Sinor, Indiana University, Bloomington, U.S.A. Country Name Research Areas The General Assembly of the International Council for Philosophy Clnina WANG, Xiaofu History of communication between Tibet and and Humanistic Stodies (CIPSH) has Central Asia dunng ttie early Middle Ages decided to organize an international Egypt MAHMOUD, Alnmed Quaternary geology and geo-archaeology, seminar on the theme of the Tan- Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt guages and Cultures ofthe Silk Roads' in Germany KLIMKEIT, Hans Translation of old documents in Persian, automn 1994, probably in Cyprus. Parthian, Sogdian and Uighur India WARIKOO, K. Movement of trade and culture through Ladakh Iraq HASSAN, S. (Ms) Traditional music of Baghdad Space Archaeology: Study of the Korea (Rep.) KIM, Jung-Sook (Ms) Buddhist art and sculpture in the Gandhara Style Silk Roads by Remote Sensing. Pakistan QASIM, Ah Qasim Comparative study of medical and surgical a This programme will carry out instruments found on Buddhist sites in pluridisciplinary stody (archaeologi¬ Pakistan/Sri Lanka cal, geographical and environmental) Poland MARKEWICZ, J. (Ms) Chinese graphics, especially woodblock prints of a number of important archaeo¬ and rubbings logical sites along the Silk Roads Saudi Arabia GHABBAN, Ali Excavation of the ancient port of Egra in the using satellite images by SPOT Red Sea (France), JERS-1 (Japan Earth Spam FERNANDEZ DEL Indian art along the Silk Roads Research Satellite), ERS (European CAMPO, E (Ms) Remote Sensing Satellite, European Space Agency), LANDSAT and Shuttie Radar (NASA, U.S.A.), ALMAZ (Russia). UNESCO is a) scientific research (identification, Lyon, France), Dr. S. Naqvi (former coordinating the programme with the inventory and evaluation of existing Director, Division of Cultoral collaboration of speciahsts (American, caravanserais), b) conservation and Heritage, UNESCO). British, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, restoration (evaluation of costs, A proposal was approved by the and so forth). defining of policies), c) integration, Consultive Committee to launch, in French Coordinator: P. Gentelle, programming and implementation of the framework of the International Research Director, CNRS France; selected projects. Among the special¬ Research Programmes, a stody on Japanese Coordinator: I. Kobori, ists collaborating in the programme ceramics from China, Central and President, Association of Desert are: Prof N. Diyarbekirli (University South-East Asia, and North Africa. It Stodies. Other coordinators may be of Mimar Sinan, Turkey), Prof P. was also proposed to include a stody foreseen in countries collaborating in Lebigre (Ecole d'Architectore de on textiles. the programme.

The Study and Preservation of Caravanserais and Postal Systems of the Silk Roads. Caravanserais, whose architectore and function are symbolic of the Silk Routes, represent a heritage common to all the coun¬ tries where they are found. It was here in these architectoral complexes that, over the centories, contacts and exchanges of all kinds - commercial, human, intellectoal, artistic - took place between peoples and cultores. The aim of this programme is first to make a review of these buildings and a Stody of their history, and, at a later stage, to initiate projects for their safeguarding and restoration with a view to their reintegration into the contemporary society of each country. The programme will promote renewed intercultoral exchange, and lead to the setting up of an interna¬ tional network of cultoral tourism. Car.\van.ser.\i at TA.SIIRABAT (Kyrgyzstan), May 1991 Three sub-programmes are foreseen: Photo: UNESCO/Silk Roads SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH General Conference and the recent From March to May 1994, the NETWORK Congress on Cultoral and Scientific Naval Museum in Paris will hold an Cooperation in Central Asia (Tehran, exhibition on 'The Maritime Silk November 1992). Route', under the patronage of the The Consultative Committee attaches Sultanate of Oman. Following up the great importance to the development The International Research Centre theme of this exhibition, an interna¬ of a network of scientific research on Nomadic Civilization, recom¬ tional symposium has been proposed institutions, as a parallel to the mended by the Nomads' Route in order to make an assessment of a network of National Coordinating Expedition in Mongolia. The pro¬ subject of direct concern to the study Committees of the Silk Roads Project posal to set up this Institute in Ulan of the Silk Roads: Arab and Chinese set up in twenty-three countries. It Bator will be submitted to the maritime science up to the fifteenth will include the following institutions: UNESCO Executive Board and century, as perceived by travellers and General Conference. as discovered by the Portuguese. The China Maritime Silk Roads Studies Centre (CMSRSC), G The Institut du monde arabe in Paris will continue its programme of Fuzhou, China, set up following the presenting the art of Islamic textiles Maritime Route Expedition, aims to UNESCO FESTIVAL OF with an exhibition entitled 'Au fil de organize international seminars on THE SILK ROADS l'Islam' to be organized in Geneva in subjects related to the Maritime Silk automn 1993, then in Paris in March- Routes; translate and edit publica¬ May 1994. tions; train young scholars; exchange In view of the number and diversity of information and documentary materi¬ the activities proposed in the frame¬ L~l An exhibition on the History of als with institutions in other coun¬ work of this Festival, originally Mongol Architectore from its origins tries. Director: CHEN Da-Sheng, planned for 1993, the Consultative to the present day entitled 'Mongolia: Fujian Academy of Social Sciences. Committee reviewed the programme tents, temples and palaces' will be Vice-Director: WANG Lian-Mao, at its New Delhi meeting and recom¬ held in 1995 in Genoa (Italy) and then Director, Quanzhou Maritime mended it be spread out over several in Paris, under the patronage of the Museum. years in different countries. A selec¬ Franco-Mongol Cultoral Association tion has been made of activities of and the University of Genoa. Organ¬ high scientific or artistic quality, The Buddhist Research Informa¬ izers: Ms Paola Mortari-Vergara, which are closely linked to the aims of tion Centre in Colombo, Sri Lanka, professor of the University of Genoa, the Silk Roads Project, and are now being set up. The Centre will and Ms Egly Alexandre, Secretary- technically and financially feasible. enable scholars to obtain, through the General of the Franco-Mongol The activities all have an international computerized data base, updated Cultoral Association. information in the field of Buddhist dimension and require the co¬ operation countries covered by the studies: bibliography; publications in of O In the framework of the intellec¬ Silk Roads Programme. They are progress; material not yet published; tual activities, the International classified under three headings: networks of researchers and fields of Research Programme on Petroglyphs exhibitions, intellectual activities and stody. will organize an international seminar artistic activities. in 1994 in Paris, together with an exhibition. Also in 1994, the Interna¬ The Nara International Centre for Two exhibitions will take place at tional Council for Philosophy and Silk Roads Studies, Nara, Japan. the Musée de l'Homme (Paris): Humanistic Stodies will organize an 'Europe of Cultures' (1993) and The Hirayama Institute of Silk 'Encounters Between Cultures: international seminar on 'Languages and Cultures of the Silk Roads'. Road Studies, Kamakura Japan. The Silk Roads' (1994) with a section on Herat in Afghanistan. A large number of Silk Road The Working Committee for the O the countries and specialized non¬ Roads (WCSR) the Associa¬ Among major exhibitions, Silk of governmental organizations have tion of Oriental Cultore Studies of mention should be made of the exhibition on 'Serindia, the Land of expressed their interest in participat¬ China (non-governmental), set up by ing in the artistic activities of the specialists, researchers and intellectu¬ the Buddha: Buddhism on the Silk being organised the Musée Festival which will include perform¬ als to collaborate with the Silk Roads Road', by ances of music, dance and theatre. Project. Guimet, Paris, from September to December 1995 in the Grand Palais. It will present, inter alia, collections of O A specialized French agency, The Indira Gandhi National Buddhist art of Central Asia from L.M.I. Evénements, is preparing, under Centre for the Arts (JGNCA) New Museums in London, Berlin, contract with UNESCO, a series of Delhi, will collaborate in specific St. Petersburg, Stockholm, New outdoor performances for the general programmes of the Project. Delhi, Urumqi, Tokyo, etc. The public showing the cultoral traditions exhibition may be presented later in a and contemporary art of many number of other countries. as The Institute of Oriental Studies, countries an illustration of the dialogue and interactions Moscow. artistic of The Musée Guimet is also prepar¬ the Silk Roads. Performances will be ing, for November/December 1993, given first in Paris in spring 1994, and The International Institute for an exhibition of 'Buddhist Bronzes then in a number of ports and towns Central Asian Studies, recom¬ by Javsandamba Zanabazar' (Mon¬ along the maritime silk route, with the mended by the Steppe Route Expedi¬ gol sculptor of the seventeenth cen¬ collaboration of the countries con¬ tion, and endorsed by the UNESCO tury). A catalogue will be published. cerned. ICATIO

The Publications Programme is an essential dimension of the Silk Roads Project, as it is through these publica¬ tions that the results of the scientific and cultural activities are disseminated. Different categories of publications aim to reach the widest possible public: the academic community, young people, and the general public. To date, thirty-five publications have been produced in the framework of the Silk Roads Project, of which twenty-two stem directly from the expeditions. The following titles have appeared since the last issue of the Newsletter. They may be ordered through your bookshop, or may be obtained from the institution which has published them.

China and the Maritime Silk Route. Fujian People's Vol. I. Northern Europe. Malta, 1989. Publishing House, Fuzhou, 1991. 496 p. ISBN 7-211- ISBN 3900815 04 6. 01586-1. Texts and abstracts in Chinese and English of papers presented at the international seminar in Vol. II. The Mediterranean Area and European Quanzhou, 17-20 February 1991. Integration. Malta, 1991. ISBN 300815 17 8. (Maritime Route Expedition) (Associated Project)

The Collection of Antiquities fi-om Silk Road on Routes de la soie. Vingt-deux siècles d'histoire: des South China Sea. Guangdong Science and Technolog}' déserts de l'Asie aux rives du monde occidental. Press, Guangzhou, 1991. 140 p. ISBN 7-5359-0758. Jacques Anquetil. H. C. Lattes, Paris, 1992. Selection of art objects from the Guangzhou Museum ISBN 2 7 096 1112-0. (Associated Project) forming part of the Silk Roads heritage. Significance of the Silk Roads in the History of Cultural and Commercial Exchanges between the National Museum Ethnology, Orient and the Greek World. Centre for Neohellenic Human Civilizations. of Osaka, National Federation of UNESCO Associations, Research/NHRF; Atiiens, 1991. ISBN 960-7094-10.7. Tokyo, and UNESCO Paris. Collection of papers from Papers presented at the international seminar in Athens, the international seminar in Osaka, 24-26 October 1988. 25-28 October 1990, organized by Dr. Loukia Drouha, Director, Centre for Neohellenic Research. Silk Road: a symposium on travel literature. Interna¬ (Maritime Route Expedition) tional PEN, London. Vol. XLI, No. 1, 1991, pp. 42-70. From Venice to Osaka. China Pictorial Publications, Papers presented at the Symposium organized by Beijing, 1992. 296 p. ISBN 7-80024-083-5/J.84 (English International PEN and UNESCO. Venice, version), ISBN 7-80024-082-7/1.83 (Chinese version). 22-24 October 1990. (Maritime Route Expedition) Photographic album by Sun Yi Eu, the Chinese photog¬ rapher on the Maritime Route Expedition. (Orders La Soie: Mythologies d'hier et d'aujourd'hui. Sike, from: China International Book Trading Corp., Yvonne de et Fauque, Claude. Collection Droit Fil. P.O. Box 399, Beijing 100044, or UNESCO, Paris). Syros Alternatives, Paris, 1992. Guangzhou and the Maritime Silk Roads. Sri Lanka and the Silk Road of the Sea. Sri Lanka Guangdong Science and Technology Press, National Commission for UNESCO (Ministry of Guangzhou, 1991. 200 p. Texts and abstracts in Chinese Education & Higher Education, Isurupaya 3rd FL, and EngHsh of the papers presented at the Symposium Battaramulla) and the Central Cultoral Fund, Colombo, in Guangzhou, 10 February 1991. 1990. 291 p. ISBN 955-9043-02-1. Papers from the (Maritime Route Expedition) international seminar held in Colombo, 12-14 December 1990. (Maritime Route Expedition) History and Cults of Pre-Islamic Central Asia. CNRS, Paris, 1992. ISBN 2-222-04598-3. Proceedings Studia Manichaica. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, of the international symposium organized at UNESCO 1992. ISBN 3-447-03240-5. Proceedings of die by the CNRS, Paris, in November 1988 'Internationaler Kongress zum Manichaismus' held from (Associated Project) 6-10 August 1989 in St. Augustin/Bonn, (Edited by In search of Genghis Khan. Tim Severin, Walther Heissig and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit). Vol. 23 of Hutchinson, London, 1991. ISBN 0-09-174779-1. Stodies in Oriental Rehgions. ISSN 0340-6702. Expedition on horseback in Mongolia by Tim Severin (Associated Project) and the Mongolian Silk Roads Committee. and (Associated Project) Turfan Tun-Huang: the texts. Encounter of civilizations on the Silk Route. Leo S. Olschki Editore, Korean Culture and the Silk Roads. Korean National Firenze, 1992. ISBN 88-222-3937-7. Papers presented at Commission for UNESCO, Seoul, 1991. (UNESCO the seminar organized by the Cini Foundation and House, C.P.O. Box 64, Seoul, RepubHc of Korea). ISMEO, in the framework of the Silk Roads Project, Papers presented at the international seminar in Venice, January 1990. Kyongju, 22-26 February 1991. (Maritime Route Expedition) Treasures from the Steppe Route. Photographic album by Banri Namikawa, Namikawa Institote, Tokyo, D Medieval Ships and the Birth of Technological 1991. Qapanese version). ISBN 4-06-205055-2. Societies. European Coordination Centre for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences, and Foundation for International Stodies, Malta. 8

MEDM. FORTHCOMING PUBLICATIONS Films on the E.xpeditions CI The Silk and Spice Routes. Series of four children's books, co-pub¬ lished by UNESCO and Belitha Press, London. The two first titles: The television teams which partici¬ 'Exploration by Land' by Paul Stratham, and 'Exploration by Sea' by pated in the Expeditions have pro¬ Struan Reid will be on sale as from April 1993. They will be followed by duced and broadcast in their own two other titles 'Inventions and Trade' and 'Cultures and Civiliza¬ countries the following documentan,^ tions'. A French edition of the 4 books will be published by Fleurus, films: Paris, and an American edition by Macmillan Press, U.S.A. (foreseen in spring 1994). Belitha Press is also producing for schools a colour wall Desert Route Expedition in China chart on the Silk Routes to accompany the 4 books. The texts will One film by TV Asahi Japan, 'Frojn initially be in Enghsh, but other language editions, in particular French, the Land ofHot Sa?id', and two films by are foreseen. UNESCO will distribute the wall chart to schools in many the television company MBC (Repub¬ countries participating in the Associated Schools Project. lic of Korea). O Atlas of the Silk Roads, coordinated by Shirin Akiner (SOAS, London University). This reference work will cover the history and civilizations of Maritime Route Expedition the Silk Roads, including contemporary geo-political changes in Eurasia, The film, 'Silk Road ï'^oyage 30,000 hn' and will reflect the results of the Integral Stody as a whole. by TV Asahi. A series of nine films by O Gnostic Texts fi-om the Central Asian Silk Roads, H-J. Klimkeit, MBC, of which two in EngUsh were University of Bonn (Associated Project). screened during the UNESCO O Nestorian Christians on the Silk Roads, H-J. Himkeit, University of General Conference: Road to India' Bonn, and I. Gillman, University of Queensland, Brisbane and ^The Doorway to the Contijient - China'. Altogether sixteen films were (Associated Project). produced by CCTV (China) - one for O Silk Roads and Central Asia, V. M. Masson, Director of the each country on the route - and seven St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian by Oman TV including one film Academy of Sciences. devoted entirely to the arrival of the O Kushan Civilization on the Routes of the Great Silk Road, idem. Fulk-al-Salamah in Muscat. O Sogdian Civilization, idem. Steppe Route Expedition n The Oasis of Merv. Pre-Islamic and Islamic Merv. Georgina Ta|ik Television has broadcast a film Hermann, Institute of Archaeology, University College London. on the Expedition. In addition to the (Associated Project) two Kyrgj'z and Kazakh films on O Les Routes imaginaires de la soie, Edith and François-Bernard Expedition events, a 16 mm film has Huygue, to be pubhshed by Robert Laffont in October 1993. been produced by the Kyrgyz Silk (Associated Project) Roads National Committee. O The Sun: Flame of Eternal Creation, compiled and presented by Madanjeet Singh with contributions by 25 scholars on the sun as repre¬ JSofnads' Route Expedition in sented in various cultores. 400 pages. Colour illustrations. To be pub¬ Mongolia lished in several language versions in a number of countries in automn _ Bodi CCTV and MBC participated in 1 993 . (Associated Project) tliis Expedition, together with two teams O Music and the Silk Roads, International Council ofMusic from Mongolian Television. Docu¬ mentary films are being produced. O Silk, Frankincense and Spice, John Lawton (possibly a co-publication To date, the LWESCO International Aramco World/UNESCO). Image Bank holds some 400 hours of O Publications of the Proceedings of the international seminars which took original footage to be used as the basis place during the Expeditions are being prepared (Urumqi, Cairo, for a series of documentan,' films for Karachi, Goa and Madras, Nara). international distribution. LWESCO is seeking partners to produce, finance and distribute these films, as well as other audio-visual materials (clips, Radio Programmes historian, talk about their fields of educational documents, etc.). interest in Part II. Interviewed in Part 'Silk and Spice and all that's nice...' is III, Professor Senaka Bandaranayake the title of the three-part radio FiL.MS PRODUCED IN CO-PRODUCTION from Sri Lanka talks about the Silk programme produced by UNESCO a VHTH UNESCO Roads as metaphor. composed of interviews with scientists Journalists participating in the A film has been co-produced by the recorded during the Maritime Route Nomads' Route Expedition in Institot du Monde .Arabe (Paris) and Expedition. In Part I, Dr. Sanjiva MongoUa produced and aired a LN^ESCO on Samarkand to accom¬ V\^ijesinha from Sri Lanka talks about number of radio programmes: pany the exhibition on this theme. the spread of medical knowledge from François Bedin and Florence de UNESCO and Filmedoc have co- country to country along the Silk Noray for France Cultore and Radio produced a film on the Silk Roads for Roads. Dr. Kostas Damianidis, a France Internationale; Doris Getting the Chinese New Year celebrations in Greek architect working on the (Germany) for Deutsche Welle; Pat Paris, Januaiy 1993. UNESCO is also history of shipbuilding in the Medi¬ Orvis (U.S.A.) for National Public producing a video film on each terranean, and Professor Adrian Radio, American Public Radio and expedition. Lapian, an Indonesian maritime Christian Science Monitor Radio. The Franco-Mongol Cultoral Asso¬ ASSOCIATED NEWS FROM ciation is organising a monthly series PROJECTS PARTICIPATING of lectures and films on Mongolia, with the collaboration of a number of PROGRAMME COUNTRIES French specialists who participated in the Nomads' Route Expedition. Following the recommendations of China the Consultative Committee, 97 projects are now included in this The first Chinese Silk Roads Germany Programme. Among the latest Festival took place in Lanzhou Gansu Province, from 10 to 20 September An exhibition was organized by the projects adopted, mention may be University of Bonn on 'Texts from made of: 1992, organized by the Working Committee for the Silk Roads of the the Silk Roads: 100 years of Ger¬ The important research pro¬ Association of Oriental Cultore man research on Turfan', Bonn gramme being carried out by the Studies of China. It included an 18 May 1992. Academy of Sciences of Hungary exhibition on the Silk Roads, pre¬ (Prof. Harmatta), Ecole pratique des sented under the auspices of the Silk Hautes Etudes (Prof. Gignoux), Roads Project. Greece Istituto per Studi del Medio ed In the framework of the UNESCO Estremo Oriente (ISMEO, Prof. International seminar on 'The Contribution of Islamic Culture to Festival of the Silk Roads, Greece Gnoli) and the Institote of Archaeol¬ proposes two exhibitions: one of silk ogy of the Academy of Sciences of the Maritime Silk Routes', to be organized in automn 1993 by the vestments used in the orthodox Germany (Prof. Sundermann) on The liturgy, and another of wooden ship Collection of Sources on the China Maritime Silk Route Studies Centre in Fuzhou. models. A recital of orthodox chants is History of Pre-Islamic Central Asia. also envisaged at the Greek Orthodox The international conference to be Centre for Silk Road Stodies, Urumqi Metropolis in Paris. held on 'The Qasida - an Arabic (Xinjiang). The Centre, set up in poetic form and its literary heritage 1991, is developing exchange relations in Islamic Africa and Asia' in June and programmes with institutions and Pakistan scholars other countries. The 1993 at the School of Oriental and in possibility is being studied of offering International Workshop on African Stodies (SOAS, University of one-week summer courses for students. A series Moenjodaro, Karachi. A London), with the participation of workshop was organized under the of Silk Roads Stodies is being edited, specialists from Asia, Africa, U.S.A. auspices and some books are be pub¬ of the Government of and Europe. It will be followed by the fifty to lished over the next three years. Pakistan and UNESCO from 1 7 to publication of an Anthology of Qasida 22 February 1992 on methodologies poetry together with a volume of for scientific conservation of the Critical Stodies based upon the archaeological remains of France conference papers. Moenjodaro. Musée Guimet: Reorganization of d 'Les Rues de la Soie' is the title of Inauguration on 26 February 1992 the permanent collections on the an artistic programme being prepared of the newly organized Indus theme of the Silk Roads at the end on the role of the city of Lyon in Valley Civilization Galleries at the of 1994, in the framework of the French silk production, in which National Museum of Pakistan. artists and urban planners are associ¬ UNESCO Silk Roads Project. ated in the rehabilitation of a residen¬ In the Collection UNESCO/ tial area in the 'Canut' district of AUVIDIS, Anthology of Traditional Lyon. This programme demonstrates Music, the International Music the effectiveness of linking the Council has produced a compact disc cultural heritage with contemporary of traditional Mongolian music by creativity, and highlighting the Alain Desjacques, ethnomusicologist. national, regional and intercultural During the Nomads' Route Expedi¬ dimensions of History. tion in Mongolia, Alain Desjacques D In the framework of the Associated made recordings of religious music -Ml Project Southern Crossroads, Project and plans to produce a second öV^y Directors Carla de Benedetti (Italy) compact disc. \> TO and Barry Hallen (U.S.A.) have Two competitions of painting on silk the proposed that, in light of new scarves, one illustrating the theme of archaeological discoveries in sub- the Silk Roads, have been launched by Saharan Africa and along the East the National Association for the African coast, an international Promotion of Decorative Art on conference be organized on 'The Textiles (ANPADT), Paris. An and Silent Millenium: Africa exhibition of the winning scarves will 0 1000 International Trade, AD - be held in UNESCO House from AD'. Major topics proposed are: Early 21 to 30 June 1993, and a special and Drawing of the 'sohar', a traditional Sub-Saharan Civilizations Trade series of numbered scarves will be put Networks; Africa and Asia; Connec¬ Arab ship built in Oman using ancient on sale by subscription. Profits from tions across Continental Africa; the shipbuilding techniques, which sailed the sale will be given to UNESCO. the Conserva¬ from Oman to China on 'The Institutions of Trade; (Enquiries to ANPADT, 17, rue de Sindbad Voyage' in 1980. tion Agenda. Cléry, 75002 Paris) 10

Reorganization has now been com¬ and Japan. This section will continue ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS pleted of the Galleries relating to the in futore volumes. (Orders to Carol Indus Civilization showing its evolu¬ Altman Bromberg, Bulletin of the The Project Secretariat wishes to tion, development and decline, adding Asia Institote, 3287 Bradway Boul¬ record its appreciation to all the objects belonging to the early evard, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan Member States who so generously NeoHthic period as well, thus display¬ 48301, U.S.A.) hosted meetings of the Consultative ing selected artefacts of over 10,000 Dr. Hans Guggenheim (Boston) has Committee, as well as the Interna¬ years. The Director of the National proposed that an international tional Teams during the Expeditions. Museum, Mr. Abdulaziz Farooq, was multidisciplinary curriculum be It also thanks the scientific institu¬ Scientific Co-Leader on part of the tions, individual scholars, media Maritime Route Expedition. prepared, based on the Silk Roads Project in the perspective of an representatives and private sector intercultoral dialogTie, which could be who have contributed to the imple¬ Thailand integrated into the educational mentation of the Silk Roads systems of the United States and Programme, in particular The Thai Ministry of Education plans other countries. Preliminary o H. M. Sultan Qaboos bin Said of to publish 10 text books concerning intersectoral meetings have been held Oman aspects Roads of the Silk for stodents in UNESCO on ways to implement a Dr. Ikuo Hirayama, Japan in elementary and secondary schools. this project. a TV Asahi and Asahi Shimbun, The books aim to help young people Japan to understand and appreciate the significance of the Silk Roads in the a Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, UNESCO has launched a major development of human civilizations. Republic of Korea work on the History of Civiliza¬ o National Federation of UNESCO tions of Central Asia. Volume I, Associations in Japan The dawn of civilization: Turkey O Musée Guimet, France earliest times to 700 B.C., is just A programme of exhibitions, music, out. Editors A. H. Dani, V. M. O Institut du monde arabe, France dance and other events is being Masson. 535 p., line drawings, O Heritage 2001 Foundation prepared for the UNESCO Festival illustrations, ISBN 92-3-102719-0. O Singer-Polignac Foundation, France Roads, be of the Silk to celebrated Volume II, The development of O Espace Kronenbourg, France jointly with the Festival of Istanbul sedentary and nomadic civiliza¬ D Europ Assistance, France from 25 June to 4 July 1993. A tions: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250, will (Insurance cover for expeditions) symposium on the Silk Roads is also appear towards the end of the year. envisaged for automn 1993. o Médecins du Monde, France O Gulf Air a Thai international United Kingdom O The Kitai Association, Franca A photographic exhibition on the Silk O Tang Frères Roads Project is being prepared in o Gaumont Cinema, France automn 1993 the London for with O Ditta Rubeln Textiles, Venice, Italy collaboration of the United Nations Association-UK Friends of O The Torgon Zam' (Silk Roads) UNESCO. Co. Ltd., Mongolia

An important exhibition took place in In order to encourage high level November/December at the Royal scientific exchange and the widest Academy of Arts, London, entitled possible participation, UNESCO 'Wisdom and Compassion: The covers all expenses of the scholars Sacred Art of Tibet'. The catalogue during the expeditions. As a result of by Marylin M. Rhie and Robert A. F. this measure, UNESCO is having to Thurman, with photographs by John bear increasingly heavy costs. These Bigelow Taylor, is published by Harry costs are however offset by contribu¬ N. Abrams, Incorporated, New York, tions in kind from participating ISBN 0-8109-2526-5 (pbk.). This countries, most of which are develop¬ book describes and explains works of ing nations. The generous gesture of H.M. Sultan Qaboos bin Said of Tibetan sacred art from museums and Oman in placing at the disposal of private collections around the world. UNESCO his ship, the 'Fulk al We are grateful to the London Salamah', for the Maritime Route Organizer, Ms. Emeline Max, for her Expedition is the most outstanding kind gift of the book to the Silk Roads illustration of such commitments. Project. Further financial contributions, or contributions in kind (for example computer and audiovisual equipment, U.S.A. vehicles, etc.) would be greatly appreciated. The Project's partners Volume 5 of the Bulletin of the Asia can be assured of the highest Institute, just published, includes a visibility as a result of the wide scope section on 'China and the West' that Musician from Mongolia. and credibility of the programme on focuses objects Photo: Earl Kowall on finds of in China an international level.

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