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Home , Black Panther Party, Colfax massacre, Juneteenth, Million Man March, Slave rebellion, York (explorer)

First 80 Years of 1619‐1700

American Soil JAMESTOWN, VA Slavery Authorized Slavery Becomes A The legalization of America’s First arrival of ENACTED LAWS Slavery Spreads Slave Trade in Negros in Jamestown, Statute Slavery is authorized through MIDDLE COLONIES Full Effect Virginia: slaves or enacted laws; The first state where slaves Slavery becomes legal in New 3,327 slaves in indentured servant legalizes slavery arrive/recognizes slavery by and New Jersey Americas (unclear)* Statute

01 03 04 06

1630 1635 1650 1663 1666

1661 Maryland 1664 1700 1619 1641 Connecticut legalizes Slavery follows Massachusetts in legalizing 02 slavery 05 07

Institution of Slavery Generational Slaves Southern Slave Trade First Institution of Slavery Children born of slaves also 1640 declared as slaves African Slaves brought to NC & SC via 1662 1670

Created by African American Campus Community Resource Group (AACCRG) Rising Against Slavery 1701‐1780

GREAT SUFFERING GRADUAL EMANCIPATION The rate of “natural” Steno Negro Act of 1740 War growth of North adopts first Five thousand African American slaves September 9th, the largest passed as a result of the Stono gradual emancipation law. All serve in the Revolutionary War, greater than any slave rebellion in the British Rebellion. Prohibited children of slaves born after mainland with 25 whites and including two predominantly nation in from assembling, protesting Nov. 1, 1780 will be free on their 50 blacks killed and learning to read or write units 28th birthday

01 03 04 06 Africans in South A group of enslaved blacks Carolina outnumber petition the Massachusetts Europeans, making it General Court (legislature) the first English colony insisting they too have a natural with a black majority right to their freedom

1708 YEAR 1752 1774

1740 1775 1780 1770 1739 Benjamin Banneker constructs first clocks in Colonial America. The first 07 in a long line of inventions 02 05 Declaration of Independence st 1 Slave Autobiography A passage in the Declaration of New York BRITON HAMMON Slave Revolt Independence condemns slave trade. A Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings The controversial passage is removed begins on April 6th. Nine and Surprising Deliverance of Briton due to pressure from southern colonies; whites are killed and an Hammon, 1st autobiographical work approximately 100,000 slaves flee their unknown number of blacks die written by a slave is published masters during the Revolution in the uprising 1760 1712 1776

Created by African American Campus Community Resource Group (AACCRG) Overcoming Chattel Slavery 1781‐1860

Promise of Revolts Towards Uniting For Legality of PRE‐WAR for Freedom Freedom Freedom Freedom Freedom The NAT TURNER Society is established Escaped slave and preacher Escapes slavery, Loses case for Freedom, Elected 1st Republican to work towards connects followers to biblical becomes a prominent slavery is upheld. Slaves President, start of the abolition of Slavery history and leads the most anti‐slavery activist classified as non‐citizens bloodiest civil war in successful revolt in the United history

01 States. 03 04 06

‘Book of Negroes’ written listing free Black Loyalists

1783 1785‐87 1800 1804 1834 1843 1855 1852 1858

Haiti becomes st 1831 1838 Sojouner Frederick Douglass 1857 1860 1781 1 formal educational st 1 independent Abolition movement Truth’s mission delivers his famous institution, African Free School, black republic excels. preaching on speech ‘What To is established. Free black Nation‐wide system of abolition of The Slave is The 4th population rapidly grows to 1 in the Underground 02 slavery 05 of July 07 3 in New York. The United Railroad is organized States Constitution determines slaves are 3/5 to one white person for tax purposes Cotton Gin Harriett Tubman John Brown Eli Whitney’s invention Real name Araminta (Hebrew for Anti‐slavery activist and son of Owen reignites slavery demand in lofty) escapes slavery, becomes a Brown leads raid against Federal the south central figure and key leader in the armory at Harper’s Ferry sending the 1793 movement south into semi‐war status 1849 1859

Created by African American Campus Community Resource Group (AACCRG) Liberty and Pursuit 1861‐1940

The American Thirteenth Amendment The Second Great Migration Civil War UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION Civil Rights Act of Provident Hospital TRANSFORMATION OF AFRICAN lasts until April 9, Slavery prohibited except as 1875 Daniel Hale Williams AMERICAN LIFE 1865; 200,000 Black punishment for crime; Signed to protect all performs open‐heart More blacks vote pressuring soldiers (escaped and emancipation in DE and KT; citizens in their civil and surgery; founds Provident congress to protect civil rights; freed slaves) join ‐ 19th legal rights in with 1st exodus from south due to slaves are last to hear of freedom interracial staff and suffering economy

01 ; 100+ blacks 06 In May the coastal pilot Robert 03 04 killed in the Red River area of Ida B. Wells sues the Smalls escapes Charleston, Race riots in East St. by white after Chesapeake, & South with The Louis and Black Wall defending Republicans– Western Railroad Company Planter, a Confederate vessel Street destroyed by continuing controversy from for its use of segregated and sixteen enslaved people. white mobs gubernatorial election. "Jim Crow" cars.

1862 1863 1866 1873 1881 1884 1921 1936

1865 Civil Rights Act passed by Congress 1875 1893 1940 1861 Spelman Jesse Owens wins over Johnson's presidential veto. Seminary is four gold medals at All persons born in the United founded as the the 1936 States are now citizens; U.S. Army Baptist Olympics in Berlin 02 regiment of Buffalo Soldiers 05 07 Female () formed Seminary Emancipation Proclamation Black Wall Street Negro National Goes into effect, changing legal status, recognized Formed in Tulsa, League by the United States federal government, of 3 by black (1920–1931) million slaves in designated areas of the South from migrants moving to area established; Harlem "slave" to “free”; Medical examination of Gordon for land rushes (Black) Renaissance showing his scourged back, widely distributed by 1889 1920 Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery. 1863

Created by African American Campus Community Resource Group (AACCRG) Liberty, Justice, and Equality 1941‐Present 400 YEARS Million Man After 246 yrs. of slavery, 99 yrs. Fight For Four Gains momentum in response to Montgomery in Washington, organized of , 87 yrs. of Freedoms , 14 yrs. fighting for civil unfulfilled emancipation Improvement Association by , African Americans fight promises, partly as a result of declaring the right to rights, we have arrived at the Formed to fight racial 400 yr. mark since the 1st slave for: Speech, Worship, black soldiers experiences in justice segregation in AL with MLK as landed in Virginia 1619. The freedom from want, WWII being exposed to US its president; boycott almost pursuit for Liberty, Justice, and freedom from fear propaganda emphasizing liberty, bankrupts transportation Equality continues justice, and equality. system 01 04 06 joins radical side of Civil 03 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Rights Movement for equal but & founded by Civil separate rights for blacks living as an Rights activist, , to individual nation in the United States end discrimination & improve race just as other groups of immigrants relations

1952 1955 1961 1986

1955 1995 2019 1941 1954 Fourteen‐year‐old MLK Holiday Chicago resident celebrated is lynched & while vacationing in 02 07 Me Too Movements Money, 05

Population Increase Black population in urban areas increase from becomes 44th President and 1st 6.1 million to 15.3 million, at the same time founded by Huey P. Newton to protect confirmed black president of the whites to suburbs taking employment blacks by patrolling black neighborhoods United States opportunities with them, blacks face high and self‐sufficiency in their communities; 2008 unemployment rate and crime (1950‐1980) The term popularized 1950 1966

Created by African American Campus Community Resource Group (AACCRG)