12_battles.txt 3/25/2010 The leader who lost the most from this battle was not even present on the scene, having withdrawn southward several weeks beforehand. The Earl of Salisbury, commander of the left flank of the allied side, was decisively beaten and captured early on, while the Flemish knights on the right wing were only slowly beaten back. Reginald of Boulogne made a heroic last stand in the center with a force of pikemen after the Imperial Eagle standard had been captured and Otto IV had fled the field. Earning the victors control of the entirety of northwestern France, FTP, identify this victory for Phillip II that forced King John to leave his hiding spot in Aquitaine and go face the music at Runnymeade. Answer: Battle of Bouvines (08IO) Alexandru cel Bun sent cavalry to aid the victorious forces in this battle. Semen Lingwen commanded the forces from Smolensk at this battle, while Jelal-el-Din commanded the Tatars. Markward von Salzbach was executed following this battle, and the Peace of Thorn was signed as a direct result of the fighting at this battle. The banner of Krakow was lost at this battle, although it was recovered. Ulrich von Jungigen commanded the defeated forces at this battle, while the victorious forces were commanded by Vytautas the Great and Wladyslaw II Jagiello. For ten points, identify this battle which saw the Teutonic Knights handily defeated by Poland, the decisive engagement of the Polish-Teutonic War, which also names a battle of World War I. Answer: First Battle of Tannenberg (also accept “Battle of Grunwald” and “Battle of Zalgiris”) (08IO) This battle took place shortly after the replacement of General Lanrezac with Franchet d’EsperyOne important event in one of these battles was an attack led by General Maunoury on the troops of Karl von Bulow, an order given by General Joffre. This battle took place a couple of weeks after the British were defeated at the Battle of the Mons and September 9th saw von (*) Moltke order troops to retreat to the River Aisne during this battle. Prior to this battle the French government retreated to Bordeaux and the retreat of General von Kluck’s troops allowed for British and French troops to cross this battle’s namesake river. For ten points, name this battle a 1914 engagement in which Gallieni used taxi cabs to help rebuff a German invasion of Paris. Answer: Battle of the Marne (TXTerrapin) General Herr, who had raised the alarm prior to this battle about the decision to remove all emplaced guns smaller than 75mm, spent most of it in the Caures Woods following the “Trommelfeuer.” Historical debate exists about the veracity of the “Christmas Memo” of Falkenhayn regarding this battle, which saw a heroic stand at Fort Souville. It saw a massive supply operation from Bar-le-Duc along the (*) “Sacred Way,” and turned when Robert Nivelle crucially recaptured Fort Douaumont. The Somme offensive was partially launched to relieve this attack, which saw the Germans pushed back to the banks of the Meuse. Lasting nearly a year across 1916, FTP, identify this World War I battle occuring at a site that also names an 843 treaty which divided Charlemagen's empire. Answer: Battle of Verdun (09Terrapin) According to Clausewitz's On War, one commander at this engagement was said to be 'in a trance' and the recent death of that commander's Master of Artillery left their cannons mostly useless on the surrounding hills. One particularly awesome event of this battle involved the general of the 57th brigade having his horse shot out from under him and was reported dead; leading General Rapp to replace him only to find the fallen general charging ahead. After one side of this battle captured the namesake village, they posted General (*) Delzons to prevent it from being retaken and continued to pursue the opposing side who was then withdrawing to the Raevsky Redoubt. The Russians under Mikhail Kutuzov lacked terrain advantages and so constructed a series of four arrow-shaped earthworks known as Bagration's fleches in front of the Kolocha river. The bloodiest single-day engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, FTP, identify this decisive 1812 battle; a French victory that was also the last offensive action fought by French troops in Russia. Answer: Battle of Borodino (09Terrapin) The “Dam Busters” squadron played an early role in this confrontation, which saw the “Corridor of Death” created by Polish forces during Operation Tractable, which succeeded in capturing the Falaise Pocket facilitated by a famous stand at Hill 26*. One side addressed ineffectiveness through Operation (*) Cobra during this battle, which was preceded by 1 12_battles.txt 3/25/2010 Operation Glimmer's attempts to direct attention toward Calais. This action sought to correct the mistakes of the Dieppe Raid and broke a defensive line overseen by Erwin Rommel, the Atlantic Wall,after battles at St. Lo and Caen. Preceded by an Eisenhower address referencing a “great crusade,” this confrontation saw its most famous action at beaches known as Sword, Gold, Juno, Utah, and Omaha. FTP, identify this June 1944 invasion against Nazi-occupied France. Answer: Operation Overlord or the Normandy Invasions or D-Day (accept equivalents) (09Terrapin) The defensive left at this battle extended into the hills around Lützingen, and it was preceded by an action wherein the victorious commander left behind the forces of Louis of Baden to undertake a lightning assault on Donauwörth, resulting in the Battle of Schellenberg. Lord John Cutts led two frontal assaults in this battle, drawing troops away from the French center and allowing a later charge that isolated the forces of Ferdinand de Marsin. The losers at this battle formed ranks around the village of Oberglau, where they endured a pivotal charge across the (*) Nebel River. One of the victorious commanders was forced to personally lead multiple charges at this battle, which concluded with the withdrawal of the forces of Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria. This battle resulted in the capture of the Comte de Tallard, and it successfully prevented a French siege of Vienna by removing the Eastern theater from its larger conflict, setting the stage for future clashes at Oudenarde and Malplaquet. Eugene of Savoy was critical to, FTP, what 1704 battle in the War of the Spanish Succession, the namesake of a palace built for the victorious general, the Duke of Marlborough? Answer: Battle of Blenheim (TXTerrapin) It began when Hermann Hoth was diverted from his original mission of assisting Paul Kleist at Rostov. A monument to this battle is located on Mamayev Hill, under which lie the remains of General Vasily Chuikov. Erich von Manstein was placed in charge of a special corps to rescue one side during this battle, and Georgy Zhukov led the Soviet counterattack. It ended with the surrender of Field Marshal Paulus against Hitler’s orders. For 10 points, identify this World War II battle that was fought for the namesake city, which is now known as Volgograd. Answer: Stalingrad [accept Volgograd before mention] (HSAPQ4) Much fighting during this battle happened on a hill called the Mamayev Kurgan. Field Marshall von Paulus and the Sixth Army surrendered at the end of this battle, which was sparked by an unsuccessful attempt to capture the oil fields past the Volga River. This battle was followed by the Battle of Kursk, after which the Soviet Union began regaining territory from the Nazis. For 10 points, name this turning point of World War II on the Eastern Front, a battle for a south Russian city named for Soviet dictator Josef. Answer: Battle of Stalingrad (09HFT) Concurrent with this battle, Thomas Graves was defeated by the French and forced to retreat to New York, and the Comte de Rochambeau brought four thousand troops in to take part in this engagement. The losing forces fortified the promontory of Gloucester before this battle, and in it a fleet from the West Indies under Comte de Grasse maintained a blockade of Chesapeake Bay and transported the American commander to Williamsburg to meet Lafayette. For 10 points, name this siege of a town occupied by Cornwallis, the last battle of the American Revolution. Answer: The Battle of Yorktown (HSAPQ4) Prior to this battle, the Pratzen Plateau was abandoned in order to set a trap. It resulted in an armistice at Nikolsburg, and the treaty that followed this battle allowed for the seizure of the Teutonic Knights’ estates. Resulting in the Treaty of Pressburg, Francis I agreed to end hostilities following it, and Kutuzov’s control over his troops was virtually seized by Alexander I in this battle. For 10 points, name this engagement, sometimes called the Battle of the Three Emperors, an 1805 victory of Napoleon over the forces of Austria and Russia. Answer: Battle of Austerlitz [or Battle of the Three Emperors] (HSAPQ4) Operations Fall Martin and Autumn Mist were rejected in favor of this attack, and toward the end of it, operations 2 12_battles.txt 3/25/2010 North Wind and Base Plate were launched as a counter-counter attack. This engagement saw heavy fighting at Elsenborn Ridge, St. Vith, and the Losheim Gap, and Joachim Peiper committed the (*) Malmedy Massacre during it. When asked to surrender by Gerd von Rundstedt in the town of Bologne at this battle, Anthony McAuliffe replied “Nuts.” For 10 points, name this Allied victory, the last offensive of World War II. Answer: Battle of the Bulge [prompt on Ardennes Offensive] (HSAPQ3) The Bar-le-Duc road became known as the Sacred Way due to its vital role in this battle, and Fort Douamont and Fort Vaux both fell during it.