White Paper on National Capital Region Development (2006)
Summary
May 2006
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Entire Composition
Chapter 1 Recent Trends of National Capital Region Development Section 1. Changes in population trends in the National Capital Region and residential trends Section 2. Trends of site location of the industry and universities Section 3. Trends relating to measures against earthquakes that occur directly under the Tokyo metropolitan area Section 4. Review of the National Capital Region development system
Chapter 2 Present State of the National Capital Region Section 1. Status of population and the number of households Section 2. Status of functions that contribute to creating vitality Section 3. Development of various activities led by individuals Section 4. Coexistence with the environment Section 5. Development of a safe, comfortable and high-quality living environment Section 6. Development of infrastructure to be inherited in the future
Chapter 3 Promotion of National Capital Region Development
Reference Various Data Relating to National Capital Region Development
This document is a report of the situation relating to the formulation and implementation of the National Capital Region Development Plan pursuant to the provision of Article 30-2 of the National Capital Region Development Act (Act No. 83 of 1956). 【Chapter 1 Recent Trends of National Capital Region Development】 With respect to the recent trends of the National Capital Region, this chapter describes distinctive matters and measures that contribute to development in the region.
Section 1 Changes in population trends in the National Capital Region and residential trends
Although population in Japan has been entering a downturn due to the advance of the declining birthrate and aging society, it is expected that population will increase over the next decade or so in the National Capital Region, especially in the Tokyo region. However, looking at population changes in the Tokyo region between 2000 and 2005, it is not that population has increased in the entire Tokyo region but population has been decreasing at the outer edge of the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area while it has been on a strong increasing trend in the inner-city area of Tokyo (Figure 1). This reveals that there has been a significant change in the past population trends in which the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area accepts population that flows in the National Capital Region, thereby contributing to restraining a rapid population increase in the Urban District. Therefore, this section analyzes the status of household movements and characteristics thereof in each area, focusing on the inner-city area of Tokyo in which population trends have notably changed between 2000 and 2005 as well as municipalities where population is on the decrease in the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area.
1 Figure 1 Population changes in the Urban District and Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area Population decrease in the suburban areas 1990→1995 2000→2005
Rate of annual average change in population
Decrease by 1.0% or more Decrease by 0.5-1.0% Decrease by 0.0-0.5% Increase by 0.0-0.5% Increase by 0.5-1.0% Population increase in the inner-city of Tokyo Increase by 1.0-2.0% Increase by 2.0% or more
Note: Municipal boundaries were modified as of October 1, 2005. Figures for wards in Chiba City, Yokohama City, and Saitama City were those processed by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on Population Census figures. Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Population Census” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
1. Status of household movements, etc. Figure 2 Population changes in 23 wards of Tokyo (Million（百万人） persons) in the inner-city area 9.0
Looking at changes in population in the 8.48 8.5 23 wards of Tokyo between 1990 and 8.16 8.13
8.0 2005, population has turned upward 7.97 Population increase Population decrease (Figure 2). 7.5 Thus, the trends of households and 7.0 characteristics thereof are analyzed below, 1990平成２ 1995 ７ 2000 12 2005 17 （年）(Year) Data: Prepared by the National and Regional focusing on three inner-city wards of Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Tokyo (Chiyoda Ward, Chuo Ward and Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Population Census” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Minato Ward) for which the population Communications). growth rate between 2000 and 2005 was particularly high at 15% or higher.
2 (1) Changes in the excess of Figure 3 Status of excess of move-ins and move-outs move-ins/move-outs of households of households in the three inner-city wards Urban District (except the three inner-city wards) Urban District Suburban Development and Suburban(except Development the three inner-city and Redevelopmentwards) AreaRedevelo pment Area Looking at the status of excess of Areas other than the Urban District and Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area Areas other than the Urban District and Suburban Excess of move-ins/move-outs ExcessDevelopment of move-ins/move-outs and Redevelopment Area move-ins and move-outs of (Households) households in the three inner-city wards in each period of five years up to 1993, 1998 and 2003, the number of households that moved out of these wards during the five-year period up to Move-out Move-in 1993 exceeded the number of households that moved in. However, that number decreased for the five-year period up to 1998, and the 1993 1998 2003 (Year) Note: Covering households that moved during each period of number of households that moved into five years up to 1993, 1998 and 2003. these wards was in excess for the Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on five-year period up to 2003. In the “Housing Survey” and “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). particular, the trends of households have significantly changed in the Urban District (except the three inner-city wards) (Figures 3 and 4).
Figure 4 Status of excess of move-ins and move-outs of households in the three inner-city wards (1993 and 2003)
1989 → 1993 1999 → 2003
Suburban Development Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area and Redevelopment Area
Areas other than the Areas other than the Urban District and Urban District and Suburban Development Three inner-city Suburban Development and Redevelopment wards and Redevelopment Three inner-city Area Area wards
Urban District (except the three inner-city wards) Urban District Excess of households that moved (except the three (No. of households) into the three inner-city wards Significant shift inner-city wards) from move-out to (No. of households) Excess of households that moved Excess of households out of the three inner-city wards move-in (No. of households) that moved into the three inner-city wards
Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing Survey” and “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). Note: Covering households that moved during each period of five years up to 1993 and 2003
3 In addition, looking at the excess of move-ins by ward for the five-year Figure 5 Number of excess households that moved into each of the three inner-city wards period up to 2003 when move-ins were （世帯）(Households) 6,000 in excess, the excess was particularly 4,687 large in terms of Chuo Ward (Figure 4,000 5). 2,878 3,806 1,809 2,000 881
0 Chiyoda千代田区 Ward Chuo 中央区 Ward Minato 港区 Ward
Note: Covering households that moved during five years up to 2003. Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
(2) Status by age of the head of household Looking at the excess of move-ins/move-outs in terms of the three inner-city wards for the five-year period up to 2003 by age of the head of household, move-ins exceeded move-outs for households with a head aged less than 65. In particular, move-ins significantly exceeded move-outs for households with a head aged 35-44 and those with a head aged 45-54. On the other hand, regarding households with a head aged 65 and above, the number of move-outs exceeded move-ins by 834 (Figure 6). Moreover, looking at the percentage of households that moved into or out of the three inner-city wards by age of the head of household, households with a head aged 25-44 account for a high percentage, occupying over 50% (54.2% of households that moved in and 56.6% of household that moved out). Households with a head aged 65 and above make up a low percentage of the total households that moved in or moved out, accounting for 5.5% of those that moved in and 11.3% of those that moved out (Figure 7).
4 Figure 6 Status of excess move-ins and move-outs in the three inner-city wards by age of the head of household
Total合計 7,378
Under 25 25歳未満years old 1,302 25-34 25～34歳years old 157
35-44 35～44歳years old 3,341 Move-ins exceeded move-outs by 6,161. 45-54 45～54歳years old 2,820 55-64 55～64歳years old 510 65-74 65～74歳years old -367 Move-outs exceeded 75 years old and75歳以上 above -467 move-ins by 834.
Unknown不詳 82
-2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 (Households)（世帯） Move-out転出 転入 Move-in Note: Covering households that moved during five years up to 2003. Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
Figure 7 Percentage of households that moved into or out of the three inner-city wards by age of the head of household
Under 25 years25歳未満 old 25-34 years25～34歳 old 35～44歳35-44 years old 45～54歳 45-54 years old 55～64歳 55-64 years old 65-74 years old65～74歳 75 years75歳以上 old and above 不詳Unknown 3.9 1.6 Moving 都心３区への転入into the three 9.5 25.7 28.5 19.8 10.3 inner-city wards
54.2% 5.5%
Moving都心３区からの転出 out of the 6.6 34.0 22.6 13.3 11.5 7.0 three inner-city wards 4.3 56.6% 020406080100（％） More than half of households that moved are those with a head aged 25-44 years.
Note: Covering households that moved during five years up to 2003. Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
5 With regard to households with a head aged 35-44 and those with a head aged 65 and above, looking at the status of households that moved into or out of the three inner-city wards by kind of house, move-ins to an owned house (residential complex) were in largest excess for households with a head aged 35-44. On the other hand, for households with a head aged 65 and above, move-outs from an owned house (detached house) were in largest excess, and these households moved out to various areas (Figure 8).
Figure 8 Status of households that moved into or out of the three inner-city wards by kind of house
35-44 years old 65 years old and above Urban District (except the three inner-city wards) Urban District (except the three inner-city wards) Suburban既成市街地 Development and Redevelopment Area近郊整備地帯 Suburban既成市街地 Development and Redevelopment Area近郊整備地帯 （都心３区以外） Areas（都心３区以外） other than the Urban District and Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area Areas other than the Urban District and Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area 既成市街地及び近郊整備地帯以外 転出入超過 既成市街地及び近郊整備地帯以外 転出入超過 Excess of move-ins/move-outs Excess of move-ins/move-outs (Households)（世帯） （世帯）(Households) 200 3,000 143
2,500 Many households moved into 転 100 入 2,225 their owned houses (residential 25 10 52
Move-in 2,000 0
complexes). t 転 -43 1,500 出 -100 -70 -91
818 Move-ou 1,000 -200
転 447 362 500 -300 -296 入 161
Move-in 0 t 0 -400 23 Many households that had lived 転 -154 出 -500 -540 -500 in their owned houses (detached Move-ou houses) moved out. -565 -1,000 （ （ （ 公 公 都 （ （ （ そ -600 （ （ （ 公 公 都 （ （ （ そ 民 民 一 持 共 そ 持 営 社 市 一 共 民 そ の 一 持 共 そ 持 営 社 市 一 共 民 そ の n 持 n 営 借 持 営 借 戸 ち 同 の ち の の 機 戸 同 営 の 他 戸 ち 同 の ち の の 機 戸 同 営 の 他 ち 借 家 ち 借 家 建 家 住 他 家 借 借 構 建 住 借 他 建 家 住 他 家 借 借 構 建 住 借 他 Others Others 家 家 家 家 ） 宅 ） 家 家 ・ ） 宅 家 ） ） 宅 ） 家 家 ・ ） 宅 家 ） ） ） ） ）
house rented Public house rented Public Rented house (others) house Rented (others) house Rented (others) house Owned (others) house Owned Agency or a public corporatio a public Agency or corporatio a public Agency or Owned house (detached house) (detached house Owned house) (detached house Owned Owned house (residential complex) (residential house Owned complex) (residential house Owned Private rented house (detached house) (detached Private rented house house) (detached Private rented house Private rented house (residential complex) (residential house rented Private complex) (residential house rented Private
Renaissance Urban the by owned house Rented Renaissance Urban the by owned house Rented Note: Covering households that moved during five years up to 2003. The kind of house before move-out is indicated in the case of excess of move-outs while the kind of house after move-in is indicated in the case of excess of move-ins. Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
2. Status of municipalities where population is on the decrease in the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area With regard to municipalities where population has decreased between 2000 and 2005 in the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area, the status of household movements and residential plans, etc. are analyzed below in units of municipalities (municipalities where population is on the decrease).
6 (1) Recent trends of household movements in municipalities where population is on the decrease Looking at the status of household movements from municipalities where population is on the decrease during a five-year period up to 2003, move-ins from areas other than the Urban District and Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area were in excess. However, in relationship to the Urban District and the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area, move-outs exceeded move-ins. Therefore, move-outs exceeded move-ins by about 11,000 on the whole. Looking at the destination of excess move-ins and move-outs, move-outs to the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area (within 30km) were in excess by 1,600, while move-outs to other Urban Districts and Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas (within 30-40km, and 40km or more away) were in excess by about 4,200-4,800 (Figure 9). On a basis of age of the head of household, move-ins exceeded move-outs for households with a head aged 65 and above while move-outs exceeded move-ins for households with a head aged less than 65. This situation is opposite to the situation in the three inner-city wards (Figure 10).
Figure 9 Status of excess of move-ins and move-outs Figure 10 Status of excess of move-ins and of households in municipalities where population is move-outs of households in municipalities on the decrease where population is on the decrease by age of the head of household 1999 → 2003 合計Total -10,978 Areas other than the Urban District and Under 2525歳未満 years old -2,690 Move-outs Suburban Development and exceeded Redevelopment Area Suburban Development 25-3425～34歳 years old -7,449 and Redevelopment Area move-ins (40km or more away) 35-4435～44歳 years old by 12,501. Suburban Development -832 and Redevelopment Area 45-5445～54歳 years old -631 Suburban (within 30-40km) Development Suburban Development and 55-6455～64歳 years old -899 and Redevelopment Area Move-ins Redevelopment (within 30km) 65-7465～74歳 years old 593 exceeded Area move-outs by (municipalities 75 years old and75歳以上 above 965 where 1,588. population is on Urban District Unknown不詳 -35 the decrease) -12,000 -10,000 -8,000 -6,000 -4,000 -2,000 0 2,000 （世帯）(Households) 転出 転入 Excess of households that moved Move-out Move-in (No. of households) into municipalities where population is on the decrease Excess of households that moved Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the (No. of households) out of municipalities where population is on the decrease Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Note: Covering households that moved during five years up to 2003. Communications). Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
(2) Characteristics of households and houses in municipalities where population is on the decrease Looking at the percentage of each kind of house in 2003, that of owned houses (detached houses) is higher in municipalities where population is on the decrease than in
7 other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas, while that of private rented houses (residential complexes) is lower in municipalities where population is on the decrease than in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas (Figure 11). In addition, looking at the percentage of households by age of the head of household, that of households with a head aged 65 and above is higher in municipalities where population is on the decrease than in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas, and that of households with a head aged 55-64 is also high in municipalities where population is on the decrease (Figure 12). In municipalities where population is on the decrease, the percentage of households with an elderly head is expected to further increase in the future due to the trend of excess move-outs of younger generations and excess move-ins of elderly persons.
Figure 11 Percentage of each kind of house Figure 12 Percentage of households in the in the Suburban Development and Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area (2003) Redevelopment Area by age of the head of household (2003) Owned house (detached house) Owned house (residential complex) Under 25 years old Owned house (others) 25-34 years old Public rented house 35-44 years old Private rented house (detached house) 45-54 years old Private rented house (residential complex) 55-64 years old Private rented house (others) 65 years old and above Company’s house Unknown Unknown
Municipalities where Municipalities where population is on the population is on the decrease decrease Other Suburban Other Suburban Development and Development and Redevelopment Redevelopment Areas (except Areas (except municipalities where municipalities where population is on the population is on the decrease) decrease) Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). Internal Affairs and Communications).
In municipalities where population is on the decrease, the percentage of houses that are located 2,000m or more from the nearest station or in the areas other than the Urbanization Promotion Areas is higher compared to that in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas (Figures 13 and 14).
8 Figure 13 Percentage of houses in the Suburban Figure 14 Percentage of houses in the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area by distance Development and Redevelopment Area by type from the nearest station (2003) of city planning area (2003)
Less than 200m There are 200m or more but less than 500m many houses Urbanization Promotion Areas 500m or more but less than 1,000m that are Urbanization Control Areas 1,000m or more but less than 2,000m located Areas yet to be delineated and areas other than city planning areas 2,000m or more outside of the There are Urbanization many houses Promotion Municipalities where that are far Municipalities where Areas in population is on the from the population is on the municipalities decrease nearest station decrease where in population is municipalities on the Other Suburban where Other Suburban decrease. Development and population is Development and Redevelopment on the Redevelopment Areas (except decrease. Areas (except municipalities where municipalities where population is on the population is on the decrease) decrease) Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
(3) Status of vacant houses and recent supply of houses in municipalities where population is on the decrease Looking at the changes in the rate of vacant houses in the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area between 1998 and 2003, the rate decreased from 10.5% to 10.3% in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas while it increased from 10.2% to 11.0% in municipalities where population is on the decrease (Figure 15). In addition, looking at the breakdown of vacant houses in 2003, the percentage of houses for rent or sale is lower in municipalities where population is on the decrease than in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas (Figure 16).
Figure 15 Changes in the rate of vacant houses in the Figure 16 Breakdown of vacant houses in the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area Suburban Development and Redevelopment (1998-2003) Area (2003)
1998 2003 Houses for rent Houses for sale Secondary houses Other houses
There are Municipalities where relatively few population is on the vacant houses decrease (No. of vacant for rent or sale houses: 143,470) in Suburban Development municipalities and Redevelopment where Areas (except population is on municipalities where the decrease. population is on the decrease) (No. of vacant houses: Municipalities where Other Suburban 674,920) population is on the Development and decrease Redevelopment Areas (except Note: “Secondary houses” mean houses where no person municipalities where regularly lives, such as those for summer retreat. population is on the decrease) Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
9 In municipalities where population is on the decrease, the percentage of vacant houses that are located in the areas less than 1,000m from the nearest station or within the Urbanization Promotion Areas is higher than the percentage of houses as a whole that are located in these areas, indicating that vacant houses are located near the urban areas in municipalities where population is on the decrease (Figures 17 and 18).
Figure 17 Distribution of vacant houses and all Figure 18 Distribution of vacant houses and all houses in municipalities where population is on the houses in municipalities where population is on decrease by distance from the nearest station (2003) the decrease by type of city planning area (2003)
Less than 200m 200m or more but less than 500m 500m or more but less than 1,000m Areas yet to be delineated and areas other than city planning areas 1,000m or more but less than 2,000m Urbanization Control Areas 2,000m or more Urbanization Promotion Areas
Vacant houses All houses The rate of houses near the station is higher Vacant houses All houses for vacant houses than for all houses. The rate of houses in the Urbanization Promotion Areas is higher for vacant houses than for all Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau houses. of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
Looking at the changes in the number of houses between 1998 and 2003 by type of ownership, in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas, the number of houses increased for relatively varied types of ownership, specifically, owned house (detached house), owned house (residential complex) and private rented house (residential complex). However, in municipalities where population is on the decrease, increase in the number of owned houses (detached houses) is prominent (Figures 19 and 20).
10 Figure 19 Changes in the number of houses Figure 20 Changes in the number of houses in in municipalities where population is on the other Suburban Development and Redevelopment decrease by type of ownership (1998-2003) Areas (except municipalities where population is on the decrease) by type of ownership (1998-2003)
Various houses increased. Increase in the number of owned houses (detached houses) is prominent.
Owned house (detached house) Owned house (residential complex) Owned house (others) Urban Renaissance Agency or a public corporation Public rented house, house owned by the or rented Private rented house (detached house) Private rented house (residentialcomplex) house (others) Private rented Rented house (others) Others Owned house (detached house) Owned house (residential complex) Owned house (others) Urban Renaissance Agency or a public corporation Public rented house, house owned by the or rented Private rented house (detached house) Private rented house (residentialcomplex) house (others) Private rented Rented house (others) Others
Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications).
Looking at the rate of change in the number of houses between 1998 and 2003 by type of city planning area, although the rate is lower in municipalities where population is on the decrease than in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas, a certain amount of houses have been supplied there. Looking at the areas outside the Urbanization Promotion Areas, the rate decreased by 1.3% in other Suburban Development and Redevelopment Areas, while it increased by 1.8% in municipalities where population is on the decrease. It is assumed that housing supply is not concentrated on the urban areas but is of low density in municipalities where population is on the decrease (Figure 21).
11
Comparing residential trends in Figure 21 Rate of change in the number of municipalities where population is on houses in the Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area by type of city planning the decrease and in other Suburban area Urbanization Outside the Urbanization Overall Development and Redevelopment Promotion Areas Promotion Areas Areas based on the above results, as a Supply of houses outside the characteristic of municipalities where Urbanization Promotion Areas is continuing. population is on the decrease, it seems that the hollowing of existing residential land and the expansion of low-density residential land to peripheral areas are in progress in parallel with population decrease.
Municipalities where Other Suburban Development
In municipalities where population population is on the decrease and Redevelopment Areas (except municipalities where is actually decreasing, there are population is on the decrease) districts that were converted into Note: Areas outside of the city planning areas mean the residential land all at once by the end Urbanization Control Areas, areas yet to be delineated and areas outside the city planning of a decade starting from 1965, in areas. Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning which move-outs of younger Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Housing and Land population due to separation of Survey” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and households, as well as decrease in the Communications). number of households and increase in vacant houses and outlets incidental thereto have progressed and which are behind in the reconstruction and reutilization of these vacant houses and outlets.
On the other hand, in the periphery of these urban areas where population is on the decrease, there is the situation where households with a head aged 30s and 40s move in there as it is relatively easy to acquire residential land due to residential land development. This is considered to be an ineffective situation from the standpoint of municipalities as a whole. It is necessary in the future to encourage people to have their residence downtown and to promote suppression of low-density development in the periphery of urban areas toward maintaining vitality in the suburbs of the National Capital Region.
12 Section 2 Trends of site location of the industry and universities
(Industry) 1. Regarding the trend of return to Japan in the industry The Japanese economy has been on a recovery trend since the beginning of 2002, and equipment investment, production and export have also been increasing in the manufacturing industry. Amid further globalization of the world economy, manufacturers conduct sharing of functions with the aim of producing products in the best suited area in the world and selecting the best suited location for selling products in the areas where the products are needed. Under such circumstance, manufacturers have been increasing their site locations within Japan on the basis of reacknowledgement of the superiority of Japan in terms of the business environment. Behind the reevaluation of domestic site locations for the manufacturing industry is the necessity for the ability to gather information to precisely understand increasingly sophisticating and diversifying domestic consumer needs in a short time and for the input of products in the market in a short period through smooth transition to production based on a direct connection between the market and production.
2. Regarding the trends of site locations in the industry Within the National Capital Region, the share of the manufacturing industry in the Tokyo region (Saitama Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Tokyo Metropolis and Kanagawa Prefecture) to nationwide has been on the decline so far. However, amid the return to Japan phenomenon in the manufacturing industry, both the amount of planned equipment investment in the Tokyo region and its share to nationwide in fiscal 2005 significantly increased (Figure 1).
13 Figure 1 Amount of investment in the Tokyo region and its share in the amount of investment nationwide
(100 million yen)
Amount of investment in the manufacturing industry in the Tokyo region Amount of investment in the non-manufacturing industry in the Tokyo region Share in the amount of investment nationwide (manufacturing industry in the Tokyo region) Share in the amount of investment nationwide (non-manufacturing industry in the Tokyo region)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (planned) (Fiscal year)
Note: Figures up to fiscal 2004 are actual showing while figures for fiscal 2005 are those planned. Note: The survey covers all types of business, excluding the agricultural industry, forest industry, finance and insurance industry, and pharmaceutical industry, targeting in principle private businesses with a capital of 100 million yen or more. Note: Equipment investment means domestic investment in one’s own tangible fixed assets that are made for purchasing, or improving or developing buildings, architectures, machineries and equipment, or land (excluding those for subdivision for sale in the real estate industry). Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau based on the data of the Development Bank of Japan.
Furthermore, in recent years, there have been increasing site locations for research institutes and R&D-based plants in the manufacturing industry. Equipment investment in the manufacturing industry in the Tokyo region increased for electric machinery and general machinery, including home information appliances and electronic components, based on the purpose of increasing the capacity of equipment and promoting investment in R&D. Equipment investment in the non-manufacturing industry has been increasing mainly for real estate, railway, transport, etc. On the other hand, equipment investment in the manufacturing industry in the Northern Kanto area (Ibaraki Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture) increased for iron and steel, general machinery, and chemicals, based on the purpose of improving equipment and increasing capacity. Equipment investment in the non-manufacturing industry increased for electricity and transport, based on the purpose of promoting security and safety measures. In addition, possible causes of increasing site locations for research institutes and R&D-based plants in recent years are as follows: (i) businesses emphasize mainly the ensuring of engineers and other personnel and proximity-based collaboration among R&D departments, main office, existing plants, affiliated businesses and users; (ii) it has become easy to ensure required land due to decline in land prices and liquidation in real estate transactions; and (iii) regulations on site locations for plants were relaxed due to
14 abolition of the system to restrict plants, etc. in July 2002.
Example of a research institute in the Tokyo R&D at the Techno Hub Innovation Kawasaki region (Techno Hub Innovation Kawasaki)
Photo: Kawasaki City Photo: Kawasaki City
(University) 1. Regarding site locations for universities, etc. in the inner-city area In recent years, universities, etc. in the Tokyo region have tended to be relocated from the suburbs to the inner-city area and to reinforce their functions in the inner-city area (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Trend of campuses of universities, etc. in the inner-city areas
Urban District
Relocation/aggregation of a university, etc. (2000-2005) Establishment of a new university, etc. (2000-2005) Expansion of functions of a university facility (2000-2005) Scheduled expansion of functions/relocation/aggregation of a university, etc. Establishment of a new law school (2004-2005)
Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau based on the data of the Research Institute for Urban & Environmental Development, Japan and the data of the National and Regional Planning Bureau.
15 The following facts can be cited as the causes of such trends: (i) against the backdrop of relaxation of location regulations due to abolition of the system to restrict plants, etc. in 2002, universities, etc. were required to relocate their campuses to highly convenient sites for ensuring of undergraduate students which has become increasingly difficult due to declining population of those aged 18 and (ii) cost reduction was aimed at through aggregation of campuses. Moreover, industry-academia-government collaboration has been promoted in parallel with such reinforcement of functions in the inner-city area, and universities have been developing increasingly multifaceted functions in addition to the ensuring of adult students through establishment of new professional graduate schools.
Section 3 Trends relating to measures against earthquakes that occur directly under the capital
In terms of the National Capital Region, Great Kanto Earthquake-class earthquake (magnitude 8), which has been observed on a 200 to 300-year cycle, and magnitude 7-class inland earthquakes that occur during the interval are assumed. In particular, a magnitude 7-class earthquake is expected to occur several times in the next 100 years. Furthermore, since central political, administrative, and economic functions, etc. are cumulated in high density in the National Capital Region, it is expected that a large-scale earthquake will cause enormous human/physical damages as well as economic damages. It is an urgent task to reduce such expected damages, and thus, relevant organizations have been making various efforts. 1. Efforts by the Central Disaster Prevention Council The Central Disaster Prevention Council established the “Task Force on Measures against Earthquakes that Occur Directly under the Capital” in 2003 to promote consideration on measures against inland earthquakes from the viewpoint based on the characteristics of the capital, and published assumed damage to be caused by earthquakes that occur directly under the capital in February 2005. Regarding earthquakes that occur directly under the capital, it was estimated that a magnitude-7.3 earthquake centered on the north of the Tokyo Bay would cause up to 11,000 deaths and 0.85 million buildings completely destroyed or destroyed by fire. Based on such assumed damage, the “Outline of Measures against Earthquakes that Occur Directly under the Capital” (Figure 1) was formulated in September 2005. Based on the outline, the “Earthquake Disaster Prevention Strategy,” which sets quantitative disaster reduction goals and specific measures, and the “Guidelines for Emergency
16 Measure Activities,” which set the specific role, etc. of each organization at the time of occurrence of an earthquake, were formulated in April 2006. Consideration on the “Guidelines for Economic Measures at the Time of an Earthquake” is scheduled to be started in fiscal 2006.
17 Figure 1 Brief overview of the Outline of Measures against Earthquakes that Occur Directly under the National Capital
Chapter 1 Ensuring of continuous Chapter 2 Response to massive central capital functions damages Coping with a mass of evacuees and those having difficulty in returning home Central capital functions Promoting preventive measures in a planned and prompt manner ○ Measures for evacuees Political Administrative Economic (Local governments) ・ center center center Ensuring evacuation centers (National and local governments) ○ Improving earthquake resistance ・Presenting a wide range of menus, including use of vacant houses of buildings Lifeline and infrastructure (National and local governments) ○ Measures for those having difficulty in returning home ・ Utilizing subsidy systems and considering the (National and local governments) establishment of a tax system ・Notifying all citizens of the basic principle, that is, “do not blindly start moving” ・Developing related systems (instruction on and public (Companies) Ensuring continuous functions during a announcement of modifications for improving earthquake ・Accommodating employees for a certain period of time Goal period of around three days from the resistance, etc.) occurrence of a disaster when emergency ・Improving earthquake resistance of public facilities measures are taken Improving the disaster prevention capacity of communities and companies Measures ○Measures against fire (National and local governments) ○ Improving the disaster prevention capacity of communities ・Area-wide development (Local governments) Example: ・Improving evacuation sites and zones for blocking ・Supporting voluntary disaster prevention activities (Central organizations of the spread of fire ○ Improving the disaster prevention capacity of companies capital) ・Increasing the fireproof level (Companies) ・Improving earthquake resistance ・Formulating and implementing BCPs of buildings ・Making contributions to communities ・Improving back-up functions ・Formulating and implementing BCPs (business continuity plans) ○ Measures for ensuring lifeline and infrastructure Establishing a wide-area Restoration and (Lifeline/information (Lifeline/information infrastructure providers and traffic disaster prevention system reconstruction measures infrastructure providers and traffic infrastructure providers) infrastructure providers) ・Multiplexing and improving earthquake resistance ○ Wide-area collaboration system in the ○ Measures for disposing of ・ Multiplexing and improving National Capital Region waste due to an earthquake earthquake resistance ○ Maintaining security disaster ・Prioritized restoration
Chapter 3 Effective promotion of measures
○ Promoting measures against earthquake disasters through broad collaboration ○ Developing people’s movement Formulating strategies for preventing earthquake disasters Self-help Reducing disasters through guidelines for emergency measure activities Mutual help cooperation in the entire society guidelines for economic measures at the time of an earthquake Public help Data: Cabinet Office
18 2. Efforts by relevant ministries and Figure 2 Rate of earthquake-resistant public agencies elementary and junior high school facilities in the National Capital Region
(Improving earthquake resistance of Status of modifications of public elementary and buildings) junior high school facilities for improving earthquake resistance According to assumed damage from (as of April 1, 2005) an earthquake that occurs directly 50% Ibaraki Prefecture 42.9% under the capital, the number of Tochigi Prefecture 46.6% buildings completely destroyed by Gunma Prefecture 49.8% shocks and the number of deaths are Saitama Prefecture 45.8% estimated to reach 0.15 million and Chiba Prefecture 48.7% about 3,100, respectively (in the case Tokyo Metropolis 64.0% of a magnitude-7.3 earthquake Kanagawa Prefecture 80.6% centered on the north of the Tokyo Yamanashi Prefecture 70.0%
Bay). Therefore, it is important to Nationwide 51.8% reduce damage by improving 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% earthquake resistance. However, it is Note: The rate of earthquake-resistant facilities is the percentage of the total of facilities built in and now estimated that approximately 25% after 1982 and facilities built in and before 1981, of all houses do not have sufficient which were judged as not requiring improvements through evaluation of their seismic earthquake resistance. In addition, capacity or have already been modified, in all facilities. although improved earthquake Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning resistance of public facilities, Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Survey on the Status including public elementary and junior of Modification of Public School Facilities for Improving Earthquake Resistance” (Ministry of high school buildings, is requested, as Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology). these facilities serve as evacuation centers or bases for emergency operations at the time of an earthquake disaster, in fact, earthquake resistance has been improved at only about 50% of such facilities in many municipalities (Figure 2).
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport revised the “Act for Promotion of Modification for Improving Earthquake Resistance of Buildings” in October 2005, and has promoted planned improvement of earthquake resistance and reinforced guidance to the owners, etc. of buildings, as well as expanded systems to support improvement of
19 earthquake resistance. (Improvement of earthquake resistance of traffic facilities) For emergency/recovery operations after the occurrence of an earthquake disaster, smooth transport of people and supplies is indispensable. Therefore, ensuring of traffic functions becomes a challenge. Thus, improvement of earthquake resistance of traffic facilities has been promoted through formulation of a “Three-Year Program for the Anti-Seismic Reinforcement of Bridges for Emergency Transportation Routes and Others.” (Development of core wide-area disaster prevention bases) It is necessary to develop local disaster headquarters, which serve as the core of disaster control activities, including wide-area relief efforts and acceptance of supplies and other support from all over the country and other countries. The establishment of core wide-area disaster prevention bases has been promoted based on a park project in the Ariake-no-Oka district in Tokyo Metropolis and based on a port improvement project in the Higashi Ohgishima district at the Kawasaki Port. (Support for continued business of companies after the occurrence of an earthquake disaster) With the aim of supporting the formulation of BCPs (business continuity plans), the Cabinet Office published the “Business Continuity Guidelines” in August 2005 and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry published the “Guidelines for Formulation and Implementation of BCPs by SMEs” in February 2006, so as to ensure that companies can continue their minimum necessary operations even after the occurrence of an earthquake disaster and can resume their business over as short a period of time as possible. (Establishment of a system for wide-area dispatch of disaster medical assistance teams) Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) have been formed in various locations in the National Capital Region so as to ensure that doctors and nurses, etc. who have completed specialized training can offer medical services, including emergency medical care, at the emergency rehabilitation stage after the occurrence of an earthquake disaster. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare provides training for doctors, etc. who participate in DMATs and register them, as well as formulated the “Guidelines for DMAT Activities in Japan,” which serve as guidelines when prefectural governments, etc. set an operational plan for DMATs, in April 2006 to promote strengthening of DMAT-related system.
20 3. Efforts by local governments (1) Efforts at eight prefectures and cities Eight prefectures and cities (Saitama Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Tokyo Metropolis, Kanagawa Prefecture, Yokohama City, Kawasaki City, Chiba City and Saitama City) have concluded the “Agreement on Mutual Support among Eight Prefectures and Cities at the Time of a Disaster,” which is an agreement on mutual support concerning wide-ranging matters that require collaboration at the time of an earthquake disaster. In addition, these prefectures and cities have concluded an agreement on support for people having difficulty in returning home at the time of a disaster with 13 businesses, including 24-hour stores, in 2005. According to this agreement, outlets of these businesses are positioned as “stations for supporting people to return home at the time of a disaster” and will offer running water and lend restrooms as well as provide information on evacuation at the time of occurrence of a disaster in order to support those having difficulty in returning home, etc.
(2) Efforts by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, etc. (Assumption of damage more specific to relevant areas) Regarding assumed damage that should be presupposed when considering measures against earthquakes that occur directly under the capital, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government compiled assumed damage based on data more specific to the relevant areas on March 28, 2006. The government will launch the revision of its regional disaster prevention plan, etc. in light of the results. (Efforts to improve earthquake resistance of buildings) To promote improvement of earthquake resistance of buildings, including houses and condominiums, cities and wards in Tokyo Metropolis have their own subsidy systems (subsidy system for evaluation of earthquake resistance: 23 wards and 12 cities; subsidy system for improvement of earthquake resistance: 19 wards and seven cities). The Tokyo Metropolitan Government started providing cities and wards in Tokyo with subsidies for costs for evaluation of earthquake resistance of wooden houses and condominiums in fiscal 2006. In particular, regarding evaluation of earthquake resistance of condominiums, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government has set a goal of urgently evaluating about 5,500 condominiums within three years from fiscal 2006. (Efforts relating to measures for people having difficulty in returning home) Shinjuku Ward and Chiyoda Ward carried out a drill on measures for people having difficulty in returning home on January 1, 2006 in cooperation with companies within the respective ward. In that drill, a drill on returning home on foot was conducted with
21 regard to each of four directions, specifically, Chiba, Saitama, Tama and Kanagawa. In conjunction with this drill, operational drills were conducted at the bases for supporting those having difficulty in returning home, including parks, and drills on the transmission of information about the status of traffic and disaster were also conducted.
4. Efforts by private organizations, etc. Not only the government but also various bodies have been making efforts, including voluntary efforts of citizens’ groups to increase the awareness of disaster prevention, efforts of companies in the district relating to measures for those having difficulty in returning home, and medical experts’ efforts to provide medical support at the time of a disaster. Evacuation drill for foreigners having difficulty Companies located in Otemachi, in returning home Marunouchi and Yurakucho in Chiyoda Ward established a “neighborhood association for disaster prevention around Tokyo Station,” and have been carrying out the sharing of disaster prevention information and technology and disaster drills also in the normal situation in order to support those having difficulty in returning Photo: Chiyoda Ward home at the time of a disaster. On January 17, 2006, the association hosted evacuation drills for those having difficulty in returning home targeting foreign residents in Tokyo. With the participation of about 60 foreign residents, practical drills were conducted, including emergency relief drills and drills on the transmission of English messages concerning evacuation by using cell phones.
Section 4 Review of the system of the metropolitan areas development plan
In the past, various systems based on the National Capital Region Development Act have aimed at controlling the concentration of industries and population mainly to the Urban District and deconcentrating central management functions. However, in the National Capital Region in a mature society, it is required to flexibly cope with wide-area issues while effectively utilizing existing accumulations and stocks. Therefore, it was determined to consider desirable systems for metropolitan areas, including the National Capital Region, while ensuring consistency with the New National
22 Land Sustainability Plan. In March 2006, the “Expert Committee on the Study of Systems for Metropolitan Areas” was established in the National Capital Region Development Section, the Kinki Region Development Section and the Chubu Region Development Section within the National Land Council, and started specific considerations.
23
【Chapter 2 Current State of the National Capital Region】
This chapter describes the current state of the National Capital Region in terms of fields such as the industry, residency, the environment, and infrastructure investment.
Section 1 Status of population and the number of households
According to the preliminary figures Figure 1 Changes in population in the National Capital Region and population growth rate of the Population Census in 2005, (10,000 persons) (1970-2005) population in the National Capital （万人） （％） 4,500 4,237 12 4,132 11.1 4,040 4,000 3,940 Region was 42.37 million as of 3,762 3,362 3,570 10 3,500 October 1, accounting for 33.2% of 3,026 3,000 8 population nationwide and showing an 2,500 6.2 5.4 6 increase of 1.05 million compared to 2,000 4.7 the previous Population Census in 1,500 4 2.6 2.5 1,000 2000. In addition, although the 2.3 2 500 population growth rate in each period 0 0 of five years has continued to decrease 昭和45年1970 1975 50 1980 55 1985 60 平成２年1990 1995 7 2000 12 2005 17 人口 人口増加率(右目盛り) in the past, it slightly expanded for this Population Population growth rate (scale on the right) period from 2000 to 2005, reaching
2.5% (Figure 1).
Looking at the population growth rate by prefecture, population increased in the period from 1995 to 2000 in all prefectures in the National Capital Region. However, for the period from 2000 to 2005, the growth rate increased only in Tokyo Metropolis (4.2%) and Kanagawa Prefecture (3.5%), and population decreased in Gunma Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture (Figure 2). According to the preliminary figures of the Population Census in 2005, the number of households in the National Capital Region as of October 1 was 17.23 million, accounting for 34.8% of households nationwide and showing an increase of 1.15 million households compared to the previous Population Census in 2000 (Figure 3).
24 Figure 2 Population growth rate by prefecture (1995-2000, 2000-2005)
4.2 東京都 Tokyo Metropolis 2.5 3.5 Kanagawa Prefecture神奈川県 3.0
2.2 千葉県 Chiba Prefecture 2.2
1.7 埼玉県 Saitama Prefecture 2.6
0.6 栃木県 Tochigi Prefecture 1.0
2000→2005 Gunma Prefecture群馬県 -0.0 H12⇒17 1.1 1995→2000 -0.4 H7⇒12 茨城県 Ibaraki Prefecture 1.0 -0.4 山梨県 Yamanashi Prefecture 0.7 -2 0 2 4 6 （％）
Figure 3 Changes in the number of households and the number of members per household in the National Capital Region (1970-2005)
(10,000 households) （万世帯） (Persons（人） ) 2,000 4 1,800 1,723 3.24 3.14 3.10 3.03 1,608 1,600 1,489 1,377 3 1,400 1,241 1,151 2.86 2.71 1,200 1,069 2.57 2.46 1,000 934 2 800 600 1 400 200 0 0 昭和45年1970 1975 50 1980 55 1985 60 平成２年1990 1995 7 2000 12 2005 17
No. of households 世帯数 No. of members１世帯当たり人員(右目盛り) per household (scale on the right)
Data: Figures 1 to 3 were prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the “Population Census” (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). However, figures for 2005 are preliminary figures based on the summary sheets.
25 Section 2 Status of functions that contribute to creating vitality
1. Recent trends of supply and Figure 1 Changes in the rate of vacant rooms and demand of offices the newly supplied area 2 The rate of vacant rented offices in (1,000 tsubo = about 3,306m ) （％） 400 8 the 23 wards of Tokyo rose by 0.8 Newly 新規供給面積supplied area Rate of空室率（優良ビル） vacant rooms (good buildings) 350 6.9 7 Rate of空室率（全体） vacant rooms (all buildings) 6.6 points in 2003 due to a large supply of 6.4 6.1 large-scale buildings in the 23 wards 300 6.0 5.9 6.0 6 5.4 250 5 of Tokyo in 2003, and reached 6.9%. 4.7 4.3 200 4.0 4 However, since then, the rate has 3.8 3.8 3.6 turned downward along with economic 150 3.1 3 recovery, and it was 4.0% at the end of 2.6 100 2.1 2 2005, the same level as in 2000 when 50 1 0.8 IT-related businesses, etc. were 1.1 0 0 showing active demand. 平成8910111213141516171996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
In addition, the rate of vacant rooms in Note: Figures for the newly supplied area are annual figures while the good buildings with a certain scale and rates of vacant rooms are those at the end of year (23 wards of Tokyo). Good buildings are those located in the business district of five facility further significantly decreased inner-city wards, which have predetermined functions. Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the due to a decline in the rate of vacant Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the data of Ikoma Data Service System. rooms for the 23 wards of Tokyo as a whole, and it was 1.1% as of the end of 2005. This is probably because relocation to a building in a better location or a higher-grade building is proceeding due to recent economic recovery (Figure 1).
2. Trends of agglomeration of software-related IT industries The growth rate of the number of business offices for software-related IT industries around the Yamanote Line in Tokyo Metropolis (business offices located within a 1km radius from major terminal stations (standard stations)) in the past one year (October 2004-September 2005) was high in the eastern part of the Yamanote Line, covering from Akihabara, Kanda and Kudanshita to Ginza and Hamamatsucho, indicating a continuous steady growth of the number of business offices in the eastern part of the Yamanote Line. On the other hand, although the number of business offices has decreased in many areas in the western part of the Yamanote Line in the past, it is on the
26 increase mainly around Ikebukuro, Shibuya and Ebisu (Figure 2). Though business offices for software-related IT industries around the Yamanote Line have tended to be sited mainly in the eastern large-scale redevelopment areas in the past, it seems that there have arisen movements toward siting business offices also in the western part. The causes of a growing number of business offices for software-related IT industries in the eastern part of the Yamanote Line are the fact that a business environment involving many business chances is being created there due to improvement of the area’s impression through large-scale redevelopment and existence of diversified spaces where working, living, playing and studying are close to each other, in addition to the fact that the area is highly convenient in conducting business activities due to proximity to customers that arises from the agglomeration of many affiliated companies of software-related IT industries and other companies in the same trade. On the other hand, it seems that business offices for software-related IT industries increased around Shibuya since software-related IT industries that are aware of the superiority of site locations in Shibuya, which is still a major agglomeration of software-related IT industries, recovered corporate performance in response to recent economic recovery and office rents in Shibuya are also on the decrease.
Figure 2 Number of business offices located within one kilometer radius from a
standard station and growth rate thereof: along the Yamanote Line
Ikebukuro
Takadanobaba Ueno Hongo 3-chome Akihabara
Tochomae
Kudanshita Kanda Yotsuya Shinjuku Kayabacho gyoenmae Akasaka Gaienmae Ginza
Shibuya Shimbashi Roppongi
27 3. Current state of agriculture, forestry and fishing (Example of efforts by allotment gardens for farming experience and exchange activities) In Nerima Ward of Tokyo Metropolis, Lecture by a farmer advanced efforts are ongoing for farms for providing farming experience (farm utilization system) in order to maximize the function and role of urban agriculture. Farmers themselves open, manage and run these farms taking initiative in cultivating. Through such farming experience, exchange between farmers and users lead to an understanding of urban agriculture and also contributes to the sustainable development of agriculture in urban areas.
Section 3 Development of various activities led by individuals
1. Actual conditions of NPOs Looking at the status of certification of incorporated NPOs in the National Capital Region by field of activity, many of them are in the field of enhancement of health care, medical care and welfare, promotion of social education, or support for other bodies. The growth rate in 2005 is high for NPOs falling into Nos. 14-16, which were certified through application on and after the enforcement date of the revised NPO Act (Figure 1).
28 Figure 1 Status of certification of incorporated NPOs in the National Capital Region by the field of activity (as of the end of December 2005)
(Corporations) （法人） （％） No. Kind of activities 6,000 90 Increase in平成17年１年間の増加分 one year (2005) 1 Activities for enhancing health care, medical No. of incorporated NPOs at the end 平成16年末までの数 Rate of increase from the end of 2004 care and welfare 5,029 of 2004 5,000 平成16年末からの増加率 75 2 Activities for promoting social education 67.4 67.4 平
Rate of increase from the end of 2004 4,313 成 3 Activities for promoting community 4,249 development 60.9 66.4 1 Ｎ 4,000 60 6 4 Activities for encouraging academic learning, Ｐ 年 3,381 56.9 culture, art or sport Ｏ 末 3,038 5 Activities for preserving the environment 法 2,806 か 3,000 45 6 Disaster-relief activities 人 ら 数 2,284 2,199 の 7 Activities for regional security 増 8 Activities for protecting human rights and 2,000 30 25.5 加 promoting peace 22.3 1,349 No. of incorporated NPOs 率 19.3 18.8 9 International cooperation activities 16.9 22.8 21.6 20.9 947 22.2 1,000 18.5 755 15 10 Activities for promoting the formulation of a 16.7 757 795 538 15.0 589 gender-equal society 306 365 11 Activities for promoting the sound nurturing 0 0 of children 第1234567891011121314151617（号）No. 12 Activities for promoting development of the information society 13 Activities for encouraging science and technology 14 Activities for revitalizing economic activities 15 Activities for supporting the development of vocational capability or expansion of employment opportunities 16 Activities for promoting consumer protection 17 Activities for communications, advice and assistance relating to the operation or activities of bodies that conduct activities listed in the preceding Nos. Note 1: Kind of Activity Nos. and kinds of activities are based on the NPO Act. Note 2: Activities falling into the Kind of Activity Nos. 12 to 16 are those added on the date of enforcement of the revised NPO Act (May 1, 2003). Note 3: Where one body conducts activities of two or more kinds of activities, it is counted as many times as the number of kinds of activities. (No. of incorporated NPOs that are counted two or more times: 24,662) Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on the data of the Cabinet Office.
2. Support for elderly persons, etc. concerning community development Regarding public traffic facilities, the Traffic Barrier-Free Act1 went into effect in November 2000, and efforts have been made to increase convenience and safety in terms of movement of elderly persons, disabled persons, etc. 61 municipalities in the National Capital Region have created their basic plans based on said Act as of the end of December 2005, accounting for about 14.5% of all municipalities in the National Capital Region (Figure 2).
1 Traffic Barrier-Free Act: Common name for the “Act on Facilitating Smooth Movement of Elderly Persons and Disabled Persons Using the Public Transport Facilities” (Act No. 68 of 2000).
29 Figure 2 Status of creation of a basic plan based on the Traffic Barrier-Free Act Rate of municipalities that have created a basic plan 作成市区町村割合 0246810121416(%)
0.2 2001平成13 0.2 Outside the National Capital Region 首都圏外 Within the National Capital Region 2.1 首都圏 2002 14 2.9
5.1 2003 15 6.4 7.3 2004 16 10.7
8.2 2005 17 14.5 (Year) (年) Note: Showing the status of creation as of the end of December of each year. The rates of municipalities are calculated based on the number of municipalities as of January 1, 2006. Data: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
Section 4 Coexistence with the environment
1. Progress of the Grand Design for Urban Environmental Infrastructure With the aim of building a network of water and green in the National Capital Region to enrich urban areas, the “Grand Design for Urban Environmental Infrastructure in the National Capital Region” (hereinafter called the “Grand Design”) was formulated in March 2004. Based on the Grand Design, various bodies, such as the government, citizens and NPOs, are advancing efforts, including consideration on the designation of new Suburban Green Zone Preservation Areas.
Figure 1 Future of urban environmental infrastructure in the National
Urban district Suburban Development and Redevelopment Area Priority axes for water and green development Natural environment to be preserved (zone) Natural environment to be preserved (rivers) Basic axes of water and green Basic area of water and green Areas where contact with nature is lacking (for reference)
30 (Example of regional efforts) With the aim of ensuring habitat/nursery environment for diversified living beings and offering citizens a forum for having intimate contact with nature, Chiba City carried forward a biotope development project covering fallow fields along the river in cooperation with citizens, and started placing the biotope in service in fiscal 2005. Under the project, mowing, maintenance of marshes and building of earth canals and ponds were conducted through incorporation of local residents’ opinions from the very beginning of planning. The biotope will be maintained, managed and run based on the activity agreement concluded with citizens’ groups in the future. It is expected to become a place for environmental learning and observation of nature, including observation of Japanese fireflies.
Sakazukigawa Biotope Living beings are important friends.
Pond of Pond of Board dragonflie frogs Field of Walking walk reeds Lizard tails trail Field of Pond of reeds Pond of willows rice paddies
Sakazukigawa River
Guide plate of Sakazukigawa Biotope
(Designation of a new Suburban Green Zone Preservation Area) Koajiro area (about 70ha) in Miura City, Kanagawa Prefecture, located in the Miura Peninsula zone that was extracted in the Grand Design as a natural environment to be preserved, was newly designated as a Suburban Green Zone Preservation Area in September 2005. Koajiro area is a precious large-scale green zone remaining in the suburbs of the National Capital Region, which is called the “Forest of Koajiro” by peripheral people and has been popular among them. The area is a place where observation of nature, including observation of release of children by crabs (Akategani), as well as environmental learning and other activities are active. It also forms the only complete catchment basin, in which forests, marshes, mud flat and sea are merged in their natural state centering on the water system, in the Kanto region, and it maintains a precious ecosystem, involving goshawks and other rare species.
31 Koajiro area was the first area newly designated in 32 years since 1973, and it is the 19th area designated in the National Capital Region (as of the end of fiscal 2005: 19 areas covering 15,763ha).
Photo on the top left: Gathering for observing crabs (Akategani) (August) Photo on the right: Suburban Green Zone Preservation Area near Koajiro Photo on the bottom left: Crabs (Akategani) releasing children
Section 5 Development of a safe, comfortable and high-quality living environment
(Flood control measures in the National Capital Region) A torrential rain with rainfall of 100ml Near Kitahara Bridge over the Myoshoji River or more per hour during the period from the evening of September 4, 2005 to the early hours of September 5 caused extensive damages, specifically, about 114ha wetted surface and about 3,700 flooded houses, in Suginami Ward, Nakano Ward, etc. On November 18, 2005, a special emergency project for measures against serious river disasters Photo: Nakano Ward was adopted for the Kanda River (Myoshoji River and Zenfukuji River) from the standpoint of preventing reoccurrence of disasters. The project aims at significantly increasing safety in flood control by effectively retaining flooding water, as well as improving the capacity of flow of the
32 rivers within about five years through development, including riverbank improvement in the relevant area, establishment of a water intake facility in the Myoshoji River and excavation of river bed. In addition, at the time of said torrential rain, about 420,000m3 rainwater was retained in the first-period zone (zone in use) of the underground detention pond below Ring Road No. 7 for the Kanda River that had been developed for some time and the second-period zone thereof that was yet to be used but urgently used after confirming safety, and this contributed to lessening damage. For example, it is estimated to have reduced wetted surface by 30ha.
State of influx into a water intake facility in the Kanda River Inside of the underground detention pond below Ring Road No. 7
Photo: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Photo: Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Section 6 Development of infrastructure to be inherited in the future
1. Development of traffic systems (Development of three ring roads) Regarding the Central Circular Route of Metropolitan Expressway, development of the Central Circular Shinjuku Route (from Aobadai in Meguro Ward to Kumanocho in Itabashi Ward: extension of about 11km) is in progress. In addition, for the Central Circular Shinagawa Route (from Yashio in Shinagawa Ward to Aobadai in Meguro Ward: extension of about 9km), for which a city planning decision was made in November 2004, construction of some portion thereof was launched under a Tokyo Metropolitan Government street project in 2005. The construction will be promoted through amalgamated execution by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited in and after fiscal 2006. Moreover, regarding Tokyo Gaikaku Kanjo Expressway, in the section from Joban Expressway to Higashi Kanto Expressway, the section from Misato to Misato Minami
33 (extension of about 4km) was put into service in November 2005, and development is in progress for the section from Misato Minami to Takaya Junction (extension of about 16km) toward putting the section in service at an early date. On the other hand, regarding the section from Kanetsu Expressway to Tomei Expressway, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government announced their views toward materializing the plan in September 2005 after going through public involvement (PI) efforts. Consideration will be carried forward toward development thereof while listening to the opinions of persons concerned.
Figure 1 Status of development of three ring roads
Metropolitan Inter-City Expressway
Ibaraki Joban Expressway Prefecture Tohoku Expressway Saitama Prefecture Tokyo Gaikaku Kanjo Kanetsu Expressway Central Circular Route of Metropolitan
Tokyo Metropolis Chuo Expressway Higashi Kanto Expressway Chiba Prefecture
Tomei Expressway Tateyama Expressway Second Tomei Expressway Kanagawa Prefecture
資料：国土交通省資料により、国土計画局作成 （平成18年４月１日現在） (as of April 1, 2006) Explanatory note Section in service
Section under construction Section in preparation for commencing work Three ring roads roads Three ring Section under survey Expressway In service Under construction General toll road In service Under construction
Metropolitan Expressway In service Under construction Data: Prepared by the National and Regional Planning Bureau based on the data of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
34
Furthermore, regarding Metropolitan Inter-City Expressway, extension of about 266km out of the entire extension of 300km has already been under construction, and extension of about 32km has been opened to traffic so far. For the remaining section from Taiei to Yokoshiba, procedures relating to city planning and environmental assessment are ongoing. For the section now under construction, a target for project progress for each fiscal year and the degree of achievement thereof as well as a target for opening have been announced based on the “Target Declaration Project,” and development is being promoted toward opening to traffic in about the next 10 years.
(Utilization of information and communications technology) At present, the use of ETC (electronic toll collection system) has been expanding. For example, the number of cars with ETC equipment installed nationwide exceeded 11 million in March 2006. In particular, in the National Capital Region, ETC gates have been put in place at almost all tollbooths, except those of some prefectural road public corporations. The rate of utilization of ETC for Metropolitan Expressway reached 65.4% (average between March 24 and 30, 2006).
Figure 2 Changes in the utilization of ETC
(No. of cars utilizing ETC: 10,000 cars per day) (Utilization ratio)
March 24-30, 2006 About 4.65 million cars per day Utilization ratio: 56.5%
December 2001, after expansion throughout Japan About 50,000 cars per day Utilization ratio: 0.9%
April July October January April July October January April July October January April July October January April July October January 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 JH (up to Sep. 2005) East Nippon Expressway Central Nippon Expressway West Nippon Expressway Metropolitan Expressway Hanshin Expressway Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Utilization ratio
Data: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
35
(Efforts contributing to easing congestion in trains and increasing convenience) Tsukuba Express of Metropolitan Intercity Running Tsukuba Express (near Minami Nagareyama) Railway Company started operation on August 24, 2005 as a new railroad that cut longitudinally the northeastern part of the National Capital Region. It takes 45 minutes to go from Tsukuba to Akihabara (58.3km) by the fastest train, and Tsukuba Express is used by about 150,000 persons per day (average for the period of about six months after the start of operation). Photo: Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company
36 【Chapter 3 Promotion of National Capital Region Development】 This chapter describes various measures contributing to the development of the National Capital Region which are taken by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport as well as the project implementation status for fiscal 2005.
1. Development of Business Core Cities The basic concept for Kasukabe/Koshigaya Business Core City was agreed on in March 2006. Thus, the number of areas for which a basic concept has been approved and agreed so far reached 12, including Chiba, Kisarazu, Saitama central urban area, Tsuchiura/Tsukuba/Ushiku, Yokohama, Hachioji/Tachikawa/Tama, Kawasaki, Atsugi, Kumagaya/Fukaya, Narita/Chiba New Town, and Machida/Sagamihara. For Ome City, Kawagoe City and Kashiwa City, relevant prefectural governments, etc. are now preparing for creation of a basic concept. Moreover, in Kazusa Academia Park within Kisarazu Business Core City, the Joint Biotechnology Research and Development Center of the Kazusa DNA Research Institute was completed in May 2005.
2. Development of Tsukuba Science City In fiscal 2005, regarding public facilities, efforts were made to advance construction work for the Tsukuba Station of Tsukuba Express, Metropolitan Inter-City Expressway (from Tsukuba Interchange (tentative name) to Edosaki Interchange (tentative name) (excluding the section now in service (from Tsukuba Junction to Tsukuba Ushiku Interchange), and Ushiku Tsuchiura Bypass on Route 6.
3. Consideration on the relocation of the Diet and other organizations The “Inter-party Conference Committee of Both Houses on the Relocation of the National Diet and Related Organizations,” established within the Diet, is now promoting consideration on the relocation. In December 2004, the “Chairman’s Report” was compiled, and it stipulated that said committee would conduct surveys and hold discussions to deepen the method of thinking of decentralized relocation and disaster prevention, in particular, prioritized relocation of the core of crisis management function (or back-up function).
37 4. Promotion of appropriate and reasonable utilization of deep underground In July 2005, the Ministry formulated the “Guidelines for the Promotion of Barrier-Free Access and Improvement of Amenity concerning the Public Utilization of Deep Underground.” Moreover, the Ministry has completed the development of a deep underground information system designed to collect and integrate information on installation of underground facilities for the National Capital Region, and is also now promoting the improvement of the environment for utilization of the system, including consideration of technical problems.
In addition, this chapter describes promotion of various measures based on policy areas, etc. and relocation and redevelopment of government offices, etc.
38