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Borrego Cimarrón EL BORREGO CIMARRÓN EL REY DEL DESIERTO DE SONORA UNA ESPECIE QUE DEBEMOS DE CONSERVAR PARA APROVECHAR Héctor R. Valdez Aguayo EL ORIGEN DE LA CAZA El origen de la caza es casi tan antiguo como la existencia humana. Se considera que los primeros grupos humanos utilizaron un sistema de caza, pesca y recolección muy eficiente para garantizar el poblamiento del planeta. Se estima que más del 80% de los grupos humanos en la actualidad son herederos de este modo de producción basado en el desarrollo de incipientes tecnologías y técnicas primitivas de recolección, cacería y pesca. El humano comenzó a cazar para subsistir, y así sigue siendo actualmente en muchas partes del mundo. La “caza de subsistencia” es aquella actividad que se realiza con la finalidad de obtener proteína animal o subproductos de caza para satisfacer las necesidades de grupos humanos ligados a zonas rurales donde la disponibilidad de las especies silvestres es alta. Tiempo después nace la “caza deportiva” la cual tiene la finalidad de obtener los mejores ejemplares como trofeo, convirtiéndose en la actualidad esta actividad como una industria cinegética para algunos países ya que les deja una gran derrama económica, principalmente a los propietarios de los predios donde habitan especies silvestres de interés cinegético. Sin embargo, este tipo de caza debe de estar basado previamente en estudios poblacionales los cuales permitan estimar la cantidad de ejemplares a ser susceptibles para un aprovechamiento sustentable en un periodo determinado, es decir que este aprovechamiento no rebase la reproducción natural de las especies. Por lo mismo, y por que las especies de vida silvestre juegan un gran papel en los ecosistemas forestales, es importante conservarlas así como su hábitat. De ahí el lema “Conservar para Aprovechar”. GOBIERNO DEL ESTADO DE SONORA SAGARHPA SUBSECRETARÍA DE GANADERÍA DIRECCIÓN GENERAL FORESTAL Y FAUNA DE INTERÉS CINEGÉTICO Borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis mexicana): Resultados del monitoreo aéreo en el Estado de Sonora, México. Noviembre, 2012 C. Guillermo Padrés Elías Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de Sonora C. Héctor H. Ortiz Ciscomani Secretario de la Sagarhpa C. Sergio Garibay Olachea Subsecretario de Ganadería C. Héctor R. Valdez Aguayo Director General Forestal y Fauna de Interés Cinegético C. Jorge R. Monteverde Durán Director de Fauna de Interés Cinegético CENTRO DE GOBIERNO, SAGARHPA, SUBSECRETARÍA DE GANADERÍA. Comonfort y Paseo de la Cultura, Edificio Sonora Sur, 2do Nivel, Hermosillo, Sonora. Teléfono (662) 217 07 15; Fax (662) 217 07 89 Página Web: www.sonora.gob.mx; Correo electrónico: [email protected] Segunda Edición, 2013. Elaboración del documento: Héctor Ramón Valdez Aguayo. Diseño de la imagen de la portada: Lucia Lorermy García Noriega. Autor: Gobierno del Estado de Sonora. Ilustraciones: Pat Hansen y Alberto Tapia Landeros Forma de citar: Gobierno del Estado de Sonora (2012). Borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis mexicana): Resultados del monitoreo aéreo en el Estado de Sonora, México. Noviembre, 2012. Dirección General Forestal y Fauna de Interés Cinegético de la SAGARHPA. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Recursos Hidráulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura Centro de Gobierno Comonfort y Av. Cultura, Edificio Sonora Sur, 2do Nivel, Hermosillo, Sonora. Página Web: www.sonora.gob.mx; Teléfono (662) 217 07 15 DIRECTORIO SECRETARÍA DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERÍA, RECURSOS HIDRÁULICOS, PESCA Y ACUACULTURA C. Héctor H. Ortiz Ciscomani Secretario C. Sergio Garibay Olachea Subsecretario de Ganadería C. Héctor R. Valdez Aguayo Director General Forestal y Fauna de Interés Cinegético C. Jorge R. Monteverde Durán Director de Fauna de Interés Cinegético COMISIÓN DE ECOLOGÍA Y DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE DEL ESTADO DE SONORA C .Oscar Téllez Leyva Comisionado Ejecutivo C. Rogelio Molina Freaner Director General de Conservación SECRETARÍA DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES C. Juan José Guerra Abud Secretario C. Rafael Pacchiano Alamán Subsecretario de Gestión para la Protección Ambiental C. Jorge Maksabedian de la Roquette Director General de Vida Silvestre COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE ÁREAS NATURALES PROTEGIDAS C. Luis Fueyo Mac Donald Comisionado Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas C. David Gutiérrez Carbonell Director General de Operación Regional C. Carlos Castillo Sánchez Director Regional Noroeste y Alto Golfo de California C. Cecilia García Chavelas Directora de la Oficina Regional del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Islas del Golfo de California C. Federico Godínez Leal Director de la Reserva de la Biosfera El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar CONSEJO CONSULTIVO TÉCNICO DE LA VIDA SILVESTRE DEL ESTADO DE SONORA C. Guillermo Padrés Elías Presidente C. Gustavo Donnadieu Corella Secretario Técnico C. Martín Bernardo Balderrama Holguín Comisión de Investigación UNIÓN GANADERA REGIONAL DE SONORA C. Luis Sierra Maldonado Presidente C. Ernesto Salazar Torres Secretario C. Adalberto Maldonado Pérez Tejada Tesorero PERSONAL INVOLUCRADO COMO OBSERVADORES DIRECTOS EN EL MONITOREO AÉREO C. Jorge R. Monteverde Durán Coordinación y observador por la SAGARHPA Observador Titular C. Felipe Rodríguez García Observador Comisionado por la SEMARNAT C. Carlos H. Alcalá Galván Observador Comisionado por el CEDES C. David Antony Rivers Piloto de la Aeronave FINANCIAMIENTO En octubre de 2011 la Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería, Recursos Hidráulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura (SAGARHPA) ingreso ante la Comisión de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de la Cámara del Congreso de la Unión, el proyecto “Monitoreo Aéreo del Borrego Cimarrón en el Estado de Sonora”, para su aprobación y financiamiento con recursos de la Federación a través del Ramo 16 anexo 31, mismos que fueron aprobados y utilizados para ejecutar dicho monitoreo. El 80% de los gastos originados por la edición y publicación del presente documento, fueron cubiertos por Gray Thornton presidente de la Wild Sheep Foundation y el resto por la Comisión de Fomento al Turismo del Estado de Sonora. AGRADECIMIENTOS A todas aquellas personas e instituciones educativas y de investigación que intervinieron para la realización del presente documento, por consiguiente sería imposible nombrar a todas y cada una de ellas; no obstante reciban con estas líneas, los más sinceros agradecimientos por todo su apoyo; y de manera especial a las que fueron fundamentales en varios aspectos durante la elaboración de este trabajo. Felipe Rodríguez García, por su valiosa apoyo en la elaboración de los anexos y en la aportación de ideas y comentarios vertidos para la realización del presente documento así como en el levantamiento de los datos en el monitoreo aéreo. Carlos Alcalá Galán y Jorge Monteverde Duran, por la participación como observadores en la toma de datos durante el monitoreo aéreo. Bernardo Balderrama Holguín, Juan Manuel Segundo Galán y Cesar De León Núñez, por su valioso apoyo en los comentarios vertidos en el documento. Francisco Figueroa Orduño, Everardo Sánchez Camero y Cristina Barragán, por su participación en la logística durante la realización del monitoreo aéreo. Juan Pedro Valencia, Héctor Arce, Mario Govea por su participación en el traslado del combustible, jefe de campamento y chef, respectivamente. Víctor del Razo por la atención brindada en el campamento de Bahía de Kino, municipio de Hermosillo. A los propietarios de las Unidades de Manejo para la Conservación de Vida Silvestre (UMA) Noche Buena, Los Mochos, El Americano y Rancho Nuevo, por permitir utilizar las instalaciones que se encuentran dentro de sus predios durante este monitoreo aéreo. Federico Godínez Leal, Horacio Ortega Izar Izaguirre y Israel Barba, por su amable hospitalidad y apoyo al momento de realizar el monitoreo aéreo dentro de la Reserva de la Biosfera El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Jesús Alfredo Figueroa Silvas y Francisco Higuera Martínez, por sus sugerencias vertidas en el documento y elaboración de mapas de la distribución de la especie. “La naturaleza presta y no regala, y, generosa, presta al generoso” (William Shakespeare) DEDICADO A LA GENEROSIDAD DE LA NATURALEZA MENSAJE En septiembre de 2009, asumí el honor y la responsabilidad de conducir los destinos de nuestro querido Estado, tarea que implica un enorme compromiso no solo con los que confiaron en este proyecto, si no con todos aquellos hombres y mujeres que a diario contribuyen a engrandecer esta notable tierra de encuentro y promisión. Dentro de estos destinos es promover el turismo en todas sus vertientes en el territorio sonorense, por ejemplo, hoy en día el turismo cinegético a tomado gran relevancia, siendo una de las actividades más importantes en la diversificación productiva de los predios ganaderos, tan es así que en la actualidad contamos con 1,550 predios ganaderos registrados como Unidades de Manejo para la Conservación de Vida Silvestre (UMA), que en conjunto suman una superficie de 6.5 millones de hectáreas, esto indica que un 35% del territorio estatal se encuentra registrado bajo este esquema de manejo, ocupando el estado de Sonora el primer lugar a nivel nacional. Este esquema de manejo permite realizar un aprovechamiento sustentable en aquellas especies silvestres que tienen una gran demanda por los deportistas cinegéticos, como lo son el borrego cimarrón, el venado bura del desierto, el venado cola blanca, entre otras. El borrego cimarrón es una especie emblemática de Sonora y es muy valiosa en términos ecológicos y económicos, por lo que requiere de esfuerzos en conjunto para su conservación; de hecho, el Gobierno Federal ha
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