DOCSLIB.ORG

*- in the Geosciences

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
*- in the Geosciences DOE/ER-O145/1 Dist. Category: UC-11 & 70 c *- in the Geosciences c DOE/ER--O145/1 September 1983 DE83 017885 DISCLAIMER I This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the Unitcd States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, procesp, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise docs not ncccssady constitute or imply its endorsement, tecom- mendation, or favoring by the United Statcs Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the 1 Unitcd Statcs Government or any agency thereof. US. Department 'of Energy Office of Energy Research Division of Enaineerina. Mathematics & Geosciences Washington, DC 20545 . *OISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMEN1 IS - DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. 3 . ... , CON TENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION TO THE GEOSCIENCES RESEARCH PROGRAM OF OF THE OFFICE BASIC, ENERGY SCIENCES I 1 I= ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY........................................ 2 ~ Geosciences Program ................................................... 2 '"r w A. Thermochemistry of Geothermal Materials. ............................ 2 B. Trace-Element Transport in Geologic Media.. .......................... 2 - C. Migration of Heavy Element Chemical Species in Geologic Strata.. ....... 3 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY.. .......................... 5 , Geosciences Program ................................................... 5 A. f$onisotherma] Reservoir Dynamics ................................... 5 B. Thermodynamics of High Temperature Brines- 9 6 C. Rock-Water interactions.. ........................................... 6 D. Thermodynamic Properties of Silicate Liquids .......................... 6 E. Chemical Transport in Natural Systems.. .............................. 7 'F. Aqueous Solutions Data Base.. ....................................... 8 G. Deep Electromagnetic Sounding of the Crust ........................... 8 H. Effect of Fracture Characteristics upon ............................... Sonic Wave Propagation in Boreholes.. ................................ 9 I. Center for Computational Seismology (CCS). ........................... 9 3. Site Studies and Downhole Sampler:. .................................. Continental Scientific Drilling Program. ............................... 10 K. Asteroid Impacts and Mass Extinctions.. ............................... 10 L. Fluid Flow in Stressed Rock.. ........................................ 11 M. Generation and Migration o oleum................................ and its Precursor Compoun ..................................... 11 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY . 12 '- io I. Geology, Geophysics, and Eart namics.................................. 12 I A. Rock Mechanics...............................................*.... 12 B. Diffusion in Silicate Materials.. ...................................... 12 C. Electrical Conductivity and Temperature in Upper bantle. ............... 13 D. Attenuation and Dispersion in Partially Saturated Rocks ................. 13 E. Surface Wave Method for Determining Earthquake Mechanisms ........... with Applications to Regional Stress Field Studies ...................... 13 P 11. Geochemistry 14 R ................ ........................................ A. Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Transport.. ............................ in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions.. .................................... 14 si 8. Kinetic and Compositional Model of.. ................................. h High-pressure Kerogen Pyrolysis. ..................................... 15 iii 111. Energy Resource Recognition, Evaluation and Utilization Continental Scientific Drilling Program: Thermal Regimes. .. .. 16 A. Continental Drilling Program Information and Data Management Unit.. .. .. .. .. 16 B. Underground Imaging.. .. .. .. .. .. 17 C. Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of Rock Melts: Continental Scientific Drilling Program .. 17 D. Thermal and Petrologic Studies of Large Silicic Systems.. .. .. 17 E. CSDP: Imperial Valley Information Base.. .. .. 18 LOS ALAMOS hATIONAL LABORATORY.. .. .. .. .. 19 I. Geophysics ............................................................ 19 A. Creep Deformation of Rocks.. .. .'.. .. .. 19 8. Radiative Heat Transfer in Minerals, Glasses, and Melts .. .. .. 20 .. C. Electrical Conductivity and Temperature in the Upper Mantle.. .. .. 20 D. Nonlinear Generation of Acoustic Beams .. 21 11. Geochemistry .......................................................... 22 A. Rock-W ater Interaction in Geothermal Systems. .. .. .........-.23 B. Element Migration ana Fixation in Crustal Rocks .. .I.. 23 C. Physiochemical Basis of the Na-K-Ca Geothermometer .. 23 D. Cation Site Size ana Coulomb Energy Calculations for the Principal Rock-Forming Minerals. .. 24 E. Coal Research: Occurrence, Form, and Distribution of Sulfur in Peat .. .. .. 24 F. Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Solutions at High Temperatures ana Pressures. .. .. 25 G. Geochemistry of Technetium and Geochemical Controls on the Redistribution of Multivalent Elements in the Lithosphere. .. 25 111. Thermal Regimes and Continental Scientific Drilling Program .. 27 A. Field, Petrologic and Geochemical Studies of the Polvadera G roup, Jemez Mountains, hew Mexico .. .. 27 B. Origin and Extent of the Toledo Caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, and its Relation to the Valles Caldera .. 28 C. Anomalous Lithospheric and Asthenospheric Structure Beneath the Valles Caldera/Rio Grand Rift of New Mexico .. 28 D. Valles Caldera Information Base .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 Iv. Space Plasma Physics .. .. 30 A. Energy Transport in Space Plasmas.. .. 30 B. Electrodynamical Aspects of the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere interaction .. 31 v C. Theory of Energetic Electron Acceleration and Precipitation from the Terrestrial Magnetosphere. .. .. 31 1 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY .. .. .. .. .. 32 & Geochemistry of Crustal Processes at High Temperatures and Pressures.. .. .. .. .. 32 U A. Silicate Melt Geochemistry .. .. 32 Be Hydrothermal Geochemistry.. .. ... .. .. 33 C. Geochemical Modeling.. .. .. .. 35 iv PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORY ..-. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 1. Remote Sensing and Geoscience Data Analysis Methodology.. .. .. 36 A. Remote Sensing and Geoscience Data Base Expansion .. 36 B. Software Development and Testing .. 37 C. Application and Transfer and Geodata Capabilities.. ., . .. .. 37 11. 5 DOE Insolation/Aeronomy. Observatory Aeronomy Studies .. .. 38 A. Insolation Studies .. *.. .. .. .. .. 38 B. Aeronomy Studies .. , . 39 f * 111. Chemical Migration by Contact Metamorphism in Granite - Carbonate Rocks .. .. 41 c* SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORY .. 42 .P I. Magma Energy Research .. .. .. .. 42 .. 11. Continental Scientific Drilli Program Thermal Regimes .. , . , . 43 fie I CSDP - Thermal Geophysical Techniques .. 43 €3. Magmatic Emplacement .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 43 C. CSDP - Mono Craters-Long Valley (CAI Site Assessment .. 44 D. CSDP - Drilling, Logging and Instrumentation .. 44 E- CSDP - Shallow Hole Investigation of Long Valley, Valles and Salton Sea Thermal Regimes *. I .. .. .. 44 F. Thermal Regimes Research Drilling Office .. 45 G. Long Valley-Mono Craters (CAI Information Base.. .. 45 111. Geophysics Research I.,. 46 A. Crustal Strain .. .. .. .. .......... 46 B. Time-Dependent Deformation and Fracture of Brittle Rock .. .... ..... 46 C. , , , J e... I Creep of Sodium,Chloride .. .. .. .. ..... 47 D. Natural Convection in D ive Counter-Buoyant Systems .. 47 IV. Geochemistry Research .. .. , . , . .............. 48 - w ermal-Magma Sy ...,.................................*. 48 B. Clay-H~OInteractions ................,.......................~~~~~~ 48 - , V. Advanced Concepts. .. , . ..a,. .. .. ......m..*.b*.*..* 49 A. Field Portable Gas Chromatograph .. B. Mapping Damage Space in Rocks Using Acoustic Emission .. 6.. Noble Metals .. .. .b............o......... 50 0 RT 11. OFF-SITE e... 51 I .. .!. .. .. .....................**..*.. UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA.. .. ..* ....... b.52 0 1. The Magnetic Field Annihilation and Applications .. , . 52 * UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ........................ ., .......................... 53
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SUMMARIES of TECHNICAL REPORTS, VOLUME X Prepared by Participants in NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM June 1980
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Office of Earthquake Studies SUMMARIES OF TECHNICAL REPORTS, VOLUME X Prepared by participants in NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM June 1980 OPEN-FILE REPORT 80-842 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature Menlo Park, California 1980 CONTENTS Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program I. Earthquake Hazards Studies (H) Page Objective 1, Establish an accurate and reliable national earthquake data base.——————————————————• Objective 2. Delineate and evaluate earthquake hazards and risk in the United States on a national scale. ——————————————————————————• 66 Objective 3. Delineate and evaluate earthquake hazards and risk in earthquake-prone urbanized regions in the western United States.——————————————• 77 Objective 4, Delineate and evaluate earthquake hazards and risk in earthquake-prone regions in the eastern United States. ————— —————————— — ———— 139 Objective 5. Improve capability to evaluate earthquake potential and predict character of surface faulting.———————————————— ————————— 171 Objective 6. Improve capability to predict character of damaging ground shaking.———————————————— 245 Objective 7. Improve capability to predict incidence, nature and extent of earthquake-induced ground failures, particularly landsliding and liquefaction.--——— 293 Objective 8. Improve capability to predict earthquake losses.— 310 II. Earthquake Prediction Studies (P) Objective 1. Observe at a reconnaissance
    [Show full text]
  • Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: John V
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MIAH ALLAN BEAL for the Doctor of Philosophy (Name) (Degree) in Oceanography presented on August 12.1968 (Major) (Date) Title:Batymety and_Strictuof_thp..4rctic_Ocean Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: John V. The history of the explordtion of the Central Arctic Ocean is reviewed.It has been only within the last 15 years that any signifi- cant number of depth-sounding data have been collected.The present study uses seven million echo soundings collected by U. S. Navy nuclear submarines along nearly 40, 000 km of track to construct, for the first time, a reasonably complete picture of the physiography of the basin of the Arctic Ocean.The use of nuclear submarines as under-ice survey ships is discussed. The physiography of the entire Arctic basin and of each of the major features in the basin are described, illustrated and named. The dominant ocean floor features are three mountain ranges, generally paralleling each other and the 40°E. 140°W. meridian. From the Pacific- side of the Arctic basin toward the Atlantic, they are: The Alpha Cordillera; The Lomonosov Ridge; andThe Nansen Cordillera. The Alpha Cordillera is the widest of the three mountain ranges. It abuts the continental slopes off the Canadian Archipelago and off Asia across more than550of longitude on each slope.Its minimum width of about 300 km is located midway between North America and Asia.In cross section, the Alpha Cordillera is a broad arch rising about two km, above the floor of the basin.The arch is marked by volcanoes and regions of "high fractured plateau, and by scarps500to 1000 meters high.The small number of data from seismology, heat flow, magnetics and gravity studies are reviewed.The Alpha Cordillera is interpreted to be an inactive mid-ocean ridge which has undergone some subsidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Urbanization and Air Pollution
    VOL. 96 NO. 1 15 JAN 2015 MagazineInaugural Issue Earth & Space Science News Then and Now Urbanization and Air Pollution Radioisotopic Geochronology and Astrochronology U.S. Interior Department Issues Revised Scientifi c Integrity Policy AGU Medalists Registration and Housing opening soon! Student Travel Grant Application Deadline: 26 January 2015 Earth & Space Science News Contents 15 JANUARY 2015 NEWS VOLUME 96, ISSUE 1 Satellites Show True Extent 3 of California Drought Since 2011, California’s water supply has lost 4 trillion gallons per year and the Sierra Nevada snowpack has hit record lows. MEETING REPORT 8 Climate, Land Use, and Conflict in Northern Africa How strong is the link between climate change and changes in land use in this vulnerable region? RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT 10 COVER 25 Urbanization and Air Pollution: Hillslopes Regulate Sediment Then and Now Supply to River Channels A new study rethinks the dynamics of Analysis of decades of mitigation efforts in Los Angeles demonstrates runoff-driven erosion in response to that air quality in the world’s megacities can be greatly improved. rainstorms. Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen: Wendy S. Gordon: Carol A. Stein: California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA; [email protected] José D. Fuentes: David Halpern: Department of Meteorology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State Pasadena, Calif., USA; University, University davidhalpern29@gmail Park, Pa., USA; .com [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board M.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismological Monitoring of the World's First
    Appendix A Seismological Monitoring of the World’s First Nuclear Detonation— The Trinity Shot of 16 July 19451 Seismology played a modest role in the Trinity test, thereby establishing, at the very birth of the “atomic age,” a mutual interaction between seismology and nuclear testing that would become of increasing significance to both technologies as the century pro- gressed. Because the Trinity “gadget” was designed to be an atmospherically detonated military weapon for which principal damage effects were expected to be air blast and accompanying ground shock of intensities heretofore unexplored, extensive new effects data were needed to plan military applications. When the need for a full-scale test of the implosion design became clear by late 1944, Los Alamos scientists began to devise field experiments to measure both air blast and ground shock.Also, they wanted to esti- mate how each would scale with explosive energy release (yield), range, and height of burst within a principal target area (nominally, within about 20 km of ground zero). In March 1945, Herbert M. Houghton, an exploration geophysicist with Geophys- ical Research Corporation (GRC) and Tidewater Oil, was recruited to work with Los Alamos physicist, James Coon, to perfect earth shock instrumentation for the 100-ton TNT calibration rehearsal shot of 7 May 1945, as well as the unique multikiloton Trin- ity nuclear event planned for July. Houghton and Coon modified a dozen GRC Type SG-3 geophones to record both vertical and horizontal-radial components of strong ground motion at ranges between 0.75 and 8.2 km from both the calibration and nuclear shots, which were air bursts suspended on towers.
    [Show full text]
  • GSA TODAY • New Members, P
    Vol. 5, No. 8 August 1995 INSIDE • South-Central Section Meeting, p. 160 GSA TODAY • New Members, p. 161 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • New Fellows, Student Associates, p. 163 The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe), Japan, Earthquake Thomas L. Holzer, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 34° 135° 10' 45' 135° 15' 135° 20' R o k k o M o u n t a i n s Nikawa-Yurino Holocene Alluvium and Reclaimed Ground Active Faults (Late Quaternary Activity) Figure 1. Neotectonic CRYSTALLINE ROCK OUTCROP FILTRATION Dashed where inferred ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS PLANT Pliocene - Pleistocene Sediment gravel, sand, clay Faults (Early Quaternary or map of Osaka Bay region ANCIENT SHORELINE, 6000 yr B.P. Miocene Sediment and Volcanics Tertiary Activity) LITTORAL & LAGOONAL DEPOSITS (generalized from River sand & clay Pre-Tertiary Intrusives, Sediment, and Major Tectonic Line in Metamorphic Rock Pre-Tertiary Basement Sangawa et al., 1983; SHORELINE circa 1885 RECLAIMED GROUND 34° 45' Tsukuda et al., 1982; and -10 BASE OF MARINE CLAY 0 25 50 km Elevation, m Asiya Mukogawa Tsukuda et al., 1985). JMA INTENSITY 7 134°-30' 135° 135°-30' 2 ? ? ? Nishinomiya 2 Hanshin Expressway Daikai Kobe 5 Harbor TRAIN 25' 10 m ° STATION 43 35° 35° Expressway 20 m 135 34° 40' Hanshin Rokko Island Expressway Port 30 m 43 5 Island Figure 2. Generalized OSAKA geologic map of Kobe Osaka Bay 0 5 km KOBE (from Huzita and Kasama, N EPICENTER 1983) and Japanese 34° 40' I N L A N D S E A 34°-30' 34°-30' Meteorological Agency ° 135° 15' 135° 20 135° 25 O S A K A B A Y (JMA) intensity 7 area.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoback and Zoback: State of Stress In
    bars, Spec. Pap. 1969. .. granite at high States -582, !970. Geophys. ,.J 16, MARY Lou ZOBACK AND MARK ZoBACK nd D. L. Turcotte., U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, :.kness, Geophys. J. Virginia 22092 Inferring principal stress directions from geologic data, focal mechanisms, and in situ stress measure­ ments, we have prepared a map of principal horizontal stress orientations for the conterminous United States. Stress provinces with linear dimensions which range between 100 and 2000 km were defined on the basis of the directions and relative magnitude of principal stresses. Within a given province, stress orientations appear quite uniform (usually within the estimated range of accuracy of the different meth­ ods used to detennine stress). AvailabJe data on the transition in stress direction between the different stress provinces indicate that these transitions can be abrupt, occurring over <75 km in places. In the western United States, a region of active tectonism characterized by high levels of seismicity and gener­ 183, 1966. ally high heat flow, the stress pattern is complex, but numerous stress provinces can be well delineated. Oesplte relative tectonic quiescence in the eastern and central United States, a major variation in princi­ pal stress orientation is apparent between the Atlantic Coast and midcontinent areas. Most of the eastern United States is inarked by ptedominantly compressional tectonism (combined thrust and strike slip faulting), whereas much of the region west of the southern Great Plains i.s characterized by pre· dominantly extensional tectonism (Combined normal and strike slip faulting). Peformation along the San Andreas fauJt and in parts of the Sierra Nevada is nearly pure strike slip.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Stress in the Conterminous United States
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 1980 State of Stress in the Conterminous United States Mary Lou Zoback U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Mark D. Zoback U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Zoback, Mary Lou and Zoback, Mark D., "State of Stress in the Conterminous United States" (1980). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 453. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/453 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. JOURNALOF GEOPHYSICALRESEARCH, VOL. 85, NO. BII, PAGES6113-6156, NOVEMBER 10, 1980 State of Stress in the Conterminous United States MARY LOU ZOBACK AND MARK ZOBACK U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Reston, Virginia 22092 Inferringprincipal stress directions from geologicdata, focal mechanisms, and in situstress measure- ments,we haveprepared a map of principalhorizontal stress orientations for the conterminousUnited States.Stress provinces with lineardimensions which range between 100 and 2000km weredefined on thebasis of thedirections and relative magnitude of principalstresses. Within a givenprovince, stress orientationsappear quite uniform (usually within the estimated range of accuracyof thedifferent meth- ods usedto determinestress). Available data on the transitionin stressdirection betweenthe different stressprovinces indicate that these transitions can be abrupt,occurring over <75 km in places.In the westernUnited States, a regionof activetectonism characterized by high levels of seismicityand gener- allyhigh heat flow, the stress pattern is complex,but numerous stress provinces can be well delineated.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Society SPRING MEETINGS of the GSA COUNCIL
    Proceedings of the Society SPRING MEETINGS OF THE GSA COUNCIL The Council of The Geological Society of America met on February 23-24, 1962, and on April 20-21, 1962. Significant actions taken at these meetings include the following: (1) The Council voted to appoint Joe Webb Peoples as a member of the Council until the Annual Meeting in November, to fill the vacancy that exists because of the resignation from the Council of Frederick Betz, Jr. Mr. Peoples has accepted the appointment. (2) The Regular Ticket for Officers and places on the Council to be filled at the Annual Meeting in November is as follows: For President, Harry H. Hess For Vice-President, Francis Birch For Secretary, Joe Webb Peoples* For Treasurer, }. Edward Hoffmeister For Councilors: For 1963, M. King Hubbert (Past President) For 1963-1965, Samuel P. Ellison, Jr. Herbert E. Hawkes, Jr. John Rodgers John T. Rouse (3) The following 31 Members, whose names had been circulated to the Fellows on December 4, 1961, were elected to Fellowship: Adams, William M. Lakeman, Rienk Reesor, John E. Brand, John Paul Lee, Hulbert A. Rogers, John J. W. Byers, Frank M., Jr. Leech, Geoffrey B. Sabins, Floyd F., Jr. Childs, Orlo E. Lemish, John Savage, Carleton N. Decker, Robert W. Maxwell, John A. Shenkel, Claude Wesley, Jr. Dellwig, Louis F. McLaren, Digby J. Smedes, Harry Wynn Eschman, Donald F. Neale, Ernest R. W. Stalker, Archibald M. Freeman, Val L. Nickell, Frank A. Vorhis, Robert Carson Friedman, Irving Norns, Stanley E. Wilson, Harry D. B. Grose, Lucius Trovvbridge Perry, Vincent D.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismology and the New Global Tectonics
    3'OURNALOF GEOPHYSICALRESEARCH VOL. 75, NO. 18, SEPTEMBER15, 1968 Seismologyand the New Global Tectonics BRYAN ISACKS AND JACK OLIVER Lamont GeologicalObservatory, Columbia University, Palisades,New York 10964 LYNN R. SYKES u Earth Sciences Laboratories, ESSA Lamont GeologicalObservatory, Columbia University,Palisades, New York 10964 A comprehensivestudy of the observationsof seismologyprovides widely based strong support for the new global tectonicswhich is founded on the hypthesesof continental drift, sea-floorspreading, transform faults, and underthrustingof the lithosphereat island arcs. Althoughfurther developmentswill be requiredto explain certainpart of the seismological data, at presentwithin the entire field of seismologythere appear to be no seriousobstacles to the new tectonics.Seismic phenomena are generallyexplained as the result of interactions and other processesat or near the edgesof a few large mobile platesof lithospherethat spread apart at the ocean ridges where new surficial materials arise, slide past one another along the large strike-slip faults, and convergeat the island arcs and arc-like structureswhere surficial materials descend.Study of world seismicity showsthat most earthquakesare confinedto nar- row continuousbelts that bound large stable areas. In the zones of divergenceand strike-slip motion, the activity is moderate and shallow and consistent with the transform fault hy- pothesis; in the zones of convergence,activity is normally at shallow depths and includes intermediate and deep shocksthat grossly define
    [Show full text]
  • 2002 Medals and Awards
    2002 Medals and Awards PENROSE Maxwell (1963 and 1974 GSA oratory, and modeling work. An iridium Presidents, respectively). After receiv- layer at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) MEDAL ing his Ph.D., Walter worked for a time boundary reportedly has been discov- Presented to Walter Alvarez for the American Overseas Petroleum ered in more than 100 sites around the Company, exploring in the world, as has the “smoking gun”—an Mediterranean and North Sea regions. impact site in Yucatán, and “splash” de- Out of this work came several contribu- posits around the Gulf of Mexico and in tions to the tectonics of North Africa, the Atlantic east of Florida. Several Sicily, and Corsica-Sardinia, one of other extinction events in earth history which was a co-edited book entitled have been ascribed to impacts. The Geology and History of Sicily. The original paper has been Walter moved to Lamont- cited more than 1100 times. Four inter- Doherty Geological Observatory in disciplinary, so-called “Snowbird” con- 1971 and to UC Berkeley in 1977. ferences have focused on the subject of During this time Walter continued his global catastrophes and earth history. work in the Mediterranean with a series The first two of these conferences were of important papers on paleomagnet- held in Snowbird, Utah, in 1982 and ism, magnetostratigraphy, Cretaceous- 1988, the third in Houston in 1994, and Walter Alvarez Tertiary stratigraphy, and upon struc- the most recent in Vienna in 2000. (All tural features observed in the complexly these conference proceedings have been deformed rocks of Italy and the Alps.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 114 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 162 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, MAY 26, 2016 No. 84 House of Representatives The House met at 9 a.m. and was quorum is not present and make the For 26 years, she worked tirelessly to called to order by the Speaker. point of order that a quorum is not help seniors who were having trouble f present. obtaining their Social Security bene- The SPEAKER. Pursuant to clause 8, fits or to help veterans in search of PRAYER rule XX, further proceedings on this medical care or military acknowledge- The Chaplain, the Reverend Patrick question will be postponed. ment of their service, and she spear- J. Conroy, offered the following prayer: The point of no quorum is considered headed the U.S. annual Congressional Almighty and merciful God of the withdrawn. Art Competition to showcase the universe, we give You thanks for giving f young talent in Illinois. us another day. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE To many, Ruth has been a strong ally We pray for the gift of wisdom to all navigating the intricate and arcane with great responsibility in this House The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman Federal bureaucracy. I was thrilled for the leadership of our Nation. from Illinois (Mr. HULTGREN) come for- Ruth joined my team when I first en- As the Members disperse to their var- ward and lead the House in the Pledge tered Congress in 2011, and she has de- ious districts and our Nation prepares of Allegiance.
    [Show full text]
  • GSA Medals & Awards
    2011 ® GSA Medals & Awards Presented at the 123rd Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America S 9 October 2011 Minneapolis, Minnesota 2011 MEDALS & AWARDS RIP RAPP of evidence to bear upon the problem. The to various stratigraphic sections throughout resulting report, published in 2004, describes the state in order to instruct them in the ARCHAEOLOGICAL evidence that the bones and artifacts were proper documentation of soils and sediments GEOLOGY AWARD together in a secondary deposit, leaving the within but also apart from the complexities antiquity of the artifacts unresolved. At the introduced by human occupation. In 2009 Presented to same time, the Burnham project provided an Don went a step further by publishing Don G. Wyckoff important record of Oklahoma’s Ice-Age past, several student papers in Geoarchaeology and it is a benchmark as the first concentrated of the Cross Timbers, Memoir 13 of the effort to break the so-called “Clovis barrier” Oklahoma Anthropological Society. His lithic in Oklahoma. In 2007, Don led another technology course required two semesters, the interdisciplinary team in investigations at first to learn the vast literature dedicated to central Oklahoma’s Powell Farm site, another the topics of geology, fracture mechanics, and mid-Wisconsinan pond deposit with complex human tool using behavior, and the second late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits to learn how to apply that knowledge to a overlying it. nodule of rock. One of the epiphanies to come out of Don’s passion for prehistory has taken Don’s experiences at Burnham and other him down many roads, and in each case he late-Quaternary fossil sites was the need to arrived with an eye on the fundamentals of better understand the modern distribution of archaeological geology, scholarship, and terrestrial gastropods.
    [Show full text]