DOE/ER-O145/1 Dist. Category: UC-11 & 70 c *- in the Geosciences c DOE/ER--O145/1 September 1983 DE83 017885 DISCLAIMER I This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the Unitcd States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, procesp, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise docs not ncccssady constitute or imply its endorsement, tecom- mendation, or favoring by the United Statcs Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the 1 Unitcd Statcs Government or any agency thereof. US. Department 'of Energy Office of Energy Research Division of Enaineerina. Mathematics & Geosciences Washington, DC 20545 . *OISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMEN1 IS - DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. 3 . ... , CON TENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION TO THE GEOSCIENCES RESEARCH PROGRAM OF OF THE OFFICE BASIC, ENERGY SCIENCES I 1 I= ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY........................................ 2 ~ Geosciences Program ................................................... 2 '"r w A. Thermochemistry of Geothermal Materials. ............................ 2 B. Trace-Element Transport in Geologic Media.. .......................... 2 - C. Migration of Heavy Element Chemical Species in Geologic Strata.. ....... 3 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY.. .......................... 5 , Geosciences Program ................................................... 5 A. f$onisotherma] Reservoir Dynamics ................................... 5 B. Thermodynamics of High Temperature Brines- 9 6 C. Rock-Water interactions.. ........................................... 6 D. Thermodynamic Properties of Silicate Liquids .......................... 6 E. Chemical Transport in Natural Systems.. .............................. 7 'F. Aqueous Solutions Data Base.. ....................................... 8 G. Deep Electromagnetic Sounding of the Crust ........................... 8 H. Effect of Fracture Characteristics upon ............................... Sonic Wave Propagation in Boreholes.. ................................ 9 I. Center for Computational Seismology (CCS). ........................... 9 3. Site Studies and Downhole Sampler:. .................................. Continental Scientific Drilling Program. ............................... 10 K. Asteroid Impacts and Mass Extinctions.. ............................... 10 L. Fluid Flow in Stressed Rock.. ........................................ 11 M. Generation and Migration o oleum................................ and its Precursor Compoun ..................................... 11 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY . 12 '- io I. Geology, Geophysics, and Eart namics.................................. 12 I A. Rock Mechanics...............................................*.... 12 B. Diffusion in Silicate Materials.. ...................................... 12 C. Electrical Conductivity and Temperature in Upper bantle. ............... 13 D. Attenuation and Dispersion in Partially Saturated Rocks ................. 13 E. Surface Wave Method for Determining Earthquake Mechanisms ........... with Applications to Regional Stress Field Studies ...................... 13 P 11. Geochemistry 14 R ................ ........................................ A. Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Transport.. ............................ in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions.. .................................... 14 si 8. Kinetic and Compositional Model of.. ................................. h High-pressure Kerogen Pyrolysis. ..................................... 15 iii 111. Energy Resource Recognition, Evaluation and Utilization Continental Scientific Drilling Program: Thermal Regimes. .. .. 16 A. Continental Drilling Program Information and Data Management Unit.. .. .. .. .. 16 B. Underground Imaging.. .. .. .. .. .. 17 C. Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of Rock Melts: Continental Scientific Drilling Program .. 17 D. Thermal and Petrologic Studies of Large Silicic Systems.. .. .. 17 E. CSDP: Imperial Valley Information Base.. .. .. 18 LOS ALAMOS hATIONAL LABORATORY.. .. .. .. .. 19 I. Geophysics ............................................................ 19 A. Creep Deformation of Rocks.. .. .'.. .. .. 19 8. Radiative Heat Transfer in Minerals, Glasses, and Melts .. .. .. 20 .. C. Electrical Conductivity and Temperature in the Upper Mantle.. .. .. 20 D. Nonlinear Generation of Acoustic Beams .. 21 11. Geochemistry .......................................................... 22 A. Rock-W ater Interaction in Geothermal Systems. .. .. .........-.23 B. Element Migration ana Fixation in Crustal Rocks .. .I.. 23 C. Physiochemical Basis of the Na-K-Ca Geothermometer .. 23 D. Cation Site Size ana Coulomb Energy Calculations for the Principal Rock-Forming Minerals. .. 24 E. Coal Research: Occurrence, Form, and Distribution of Sulfur in Peat .. .. .. 24 F. Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Solutions at High Temperatures ana Pressures. .. .. 25 G. Geochemistry of Technetium and Geochemical Controls on the Redistribution of Multivalent Elements in the Lithosphere. .. 25 111. Thermal Regimes and Continental Scientific Drilling Program .. 27 A. Field, Petrologic and Geochemical Studies of the Polvadera G roup, Jemez Mountains, hew Mexico .. .. 27 B. Origin and Extent of the Toledo Caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, and its Relation to the Valles Caldera .. 28 C. Anomalous Lithospheric and Asthenospheric Structure Beneath the Valles Caldera/Rio Grand Rift of New Mexico .. 28 D. Valles Caldera Information Base .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 Iv. Space Plasma Physics .. .. 30 A. Energy Transport in Space Plasmas.. .. 30 B. Electrodynamical Aspects of the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere interaction .. 31 v C. Theory of Energetic Electron Acceleration and Precipitation from the Terrestrial Magnetosphere. .. .. 31 1 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY .. .. .. .. .. 32 & Geochemistry of Crustal Processes at High Temperatures and Pressures.. .. .. .. .. 32 U A. Silicate Melt Geochemistry .. .. 32 Be Hydrothermal Geochemistry.. .. ... .. .. 33 C. Geochemical Modeling.. .. .. .. 35 iv PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORY ..-. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 1. Remote Sensing and Geoscience Data Analysis Methodology.. .. .. 36 A. Remote Sensing and Geoscience Data Base Expansion .. 36 B. Software Development and Testing .. 37 C. Application and Transfer and Geodata Capabilities.. ., . .. .. 37 11. 5 DOE Insolation/Aeronomy. Observatory Aeronomy Studies .. .. 38 A. Insolation Studies .. *.. .. .. .. .. 38 B. Aeronomy Studies .. , . 39 f * 111. Chemical Migration by Contact Metamorphism in Granite - Carbonate Rocks .. .. 41 c* SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORY .. 42 .P I. Magma Energy Research .. .. .. .. 42 .. 11. Continental Scientific Drilli Program Thermal Regimes .. , . , . 43 fie I CSDP - Thermal Geophysical Techniques .. 43 €3. Magmatic Emplacement .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 43 C. CSDP - Mono Craters-Long Valley (CAI Site Assessment .. 44 D. CSDP - Drilling, Logging and Instrumentation .. 44 E- CSDP - Shallow Hole Investigation of Long Valley, Valles and Salton Sea Thermal Regimes *. I .. .. .. 44 F. Thermal Regimes Research Drilling Office .. 45 G. Long Valley-Mono Craters (CAI Information Base.. .. 45 111. Geophysics Research I.,. 46 A. Crustal Strain .. .. .. .. .......... 46 B. Time-Dependent Deformation and Fracture of Brittle Rock .. .... ..... 46 C. , , , J e... I Creep of Sodium,Chloride .. .. .. .. ..... 47 D. Natural Convection in D ive Counter-Buoyant Systems .. 47 IV. Geochemistry Research .. .. , . , . .............. 48 - w ermal-Magma Sy ...,.................................*. 48 B. Clay-H~OInteractions ................,.......................~~~~~~ 48 - , V. Advanced Concepts. .. , . ..a,. .. .. ......m..*.b*.*..* 49 A. Field Portable Gas Chromatograph .. B. Mapping Damage Space in Rocks Using Acoustic Emission .. 6.. Noble Metals .. .. .b............o......... 50 0 RT 11. OFF-SITE e... 51 I .. .!. .. .. .....................**..*.. UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA.. .. ..* ....... b.52 0 1. The Magnetic Field Annihilation and Applications .. , . 52 * UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ........................ ., .......................... 53