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E-Region Auroral Ionosphere Model
atmosphere Article AIM-E: E-Region Auroral Ionosphere Model Vera Nikolaeva 1,* , Evgeny Gordeev 2 , Tima Sergienko 3, Ludmila Makarova 1 and Andrey Kotikov 4 1 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 199397 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 2 Earth’s Physics Department, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 3 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 981 28 Kiruna, Sweden; [email protected] 4 Saint Petersburg Branch of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The auroral oval is the high-latitude region of the ionosphere characterized by strong vari- ability of its chemical composition due to precipitation of energetic particles from the magnetosphere. The complex nature of magnetospheric processes cause a wide range of dynamic variations in the auroral zone, which are difficult to forecast. Knowledge of electron concentrations in this highly turbulent region is of particular importance because it determines the propagation conditions for the radio waves. In this work we introduce the numerical model of the auroral E-region, which evaluates density variations of the 10 ionospheric species and 39 reactions initiated by both the solar extreme UV radiation and the magnetospheric electron precipitation. The chemical reaction rates differ in more than ten orders of magnitude, resulting in the high stiffness of the ordinary differential equations system considered, which was solved using the high-performance Gear method. The AIM-E model allowed us to calculate the concentration of the neutrals NO, N(4S), and N(2D), ions + + + + + 4 + 2 + 2 N ,N2 , NO ,O2 ,O ( S), O ( D), and O ( P), and electrons Ne, in the whole auroral zone in the Citation: Nikolaeva, V.; Gordeev, E.; 90-150 km altitude range in real time. -
Shallow Crustal Composition of Mercury As Revealed by Spectral Properties and Geological Units of Two Impact Craters
Planetary and Space Science 119 (2015) 250–263 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Planetary and Space Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pss Shallow crustal composition of Mercury as revealed by spectral properties and geological units of two impact craters Piero D’Incecco a,n, Jörn Helbert a, Mario D’Amore a, Alessandro Maturilli a, James W. Head b, Rachel L. Klima c, Noam R. Izenberg c, William E. McClintock d, Harald Hiesinger e, Sabrina Ferrari a a Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany b Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA c The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA d Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA e Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Planetologie, Wilhelm-Klemm Str. 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany article info abstract Article history: We have performed a combined geological and spectral analysis of two impact craters on Mercury: the Received 5 March 2015 15 km diameter Waters crater (106°W; 9°S) and the 62.3 km diameter Kuiper crater (30°W; 11°S). Using Received in revised form the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) dataset we defined and mapped 9 October 2015 several units for each crater and for an external reference area far from any impact related deposits. For Accepted 12 October 2015 each of these units we extracted all spectra from the MESSENGER Atmosphere and Surface Composition Available online 24 October 2015 Spectrometer (MASCS) Visible-InfraRed Spectrograph (VIRS) applying a first order photometric correc- Keywords: tion. -
The Parliament of Poets: an Epic Poem
The Parliament of Poets “Like a story around a campfire.” —From the Audience “A great epic poem of startling originality and universal significance, in every way partaking of the nature of world literature.” —Dr. Hans-George Ruprecht, CKCU Literary News, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada “A remarkable poem by a uniquely inspired poet, taking us out of time into a new and unspoken consciousness...” —Kevin McGrath, Lowell House, South Asian Studies, Harvard University “Mr. Glaysher has written an epic poem of major importance... Truly a major accomplishment and contribution to American Letters... A landmark achievement.” —ML Liebler, Department of English, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan “Glaysher is really an epic poet and this is an epic poem! Glaysher has written a masterpiece...” —James Sale (UK), The Society of Classical Poets “And a fine major work it is.” —Arthur McMaster, Contributing Editor, Poets’ Quarterly; Department of English, Converse College, Spartanburg, South Carolina “This Great Poem promises to be the defining Epic of the Age and will be certain to endure for many Centuries. Frederick Glaysher uses his great Poetic and Literary Skills in an artistic way that is unique for our Era and the Years to come. I strongly recommend this book to all those who enjoy the finest Poetry. A profound spiritual message for humanity.” —Alan Jacobs, Poet Writer Author, Amazon UK Review, London “Very readable and intriguingly enjoyable. A masterpiece that will stand the test of time.” —Poetry Cornwall, No. 36, England, UK “Bravo to the Poet for this toilsome but brilliant endeavour.” —Umme Salma, Transnational Literature, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia “Am in awe of its brilliance.. -
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List A002: (Advances in Earth & Planetary Science) oral 201A 5/１７, 9:45–10:20, *A002-001, Science of small bodies opened by Hayabusa Akira Fujiwara 5/１７, 10:20–10:55, *A002-002, What has the lunar explorer ''Kaguya'' seen ? Junichi Haruyama 5/１７, 10:55–11:30, *A002-003, Planetary Explorations of Japan: Past, current, and future Takehiko Satoh A003: (Geoscience Education and Outreach) oraｌ 301A 5/１７, 9:00–9:02, Introductory talk -outreach activity for primary school students 5/１７, 9:02–9:14, A003-001, Learning of geological formation for pupils by Geological Museum: Part (3) Explanation of geological formation Shiro Tamanyu, Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada 5/17, 9:14-9:26, A003-002 YUREO: an analog experiment equipment for earthquake induced landslide Youhei Suzuki, Shintaro Hayashi, Shuichi Sasaki 5/17, 9:26-9:38, A003-003 Learning of 'geological formation' for elementary schoolchildren by the Geological Museum, AIST: Overview and Drawing worksheets Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada, Shiro Tamanyu 5/17, 9:38-9:50, A003-004 Collaborative educational activities with schools in the Geological Museum and Geological Survey of Japan Yuki Sawada, Rie Morijiri, Shiro Tamanyu, other 5/17, 9:50-10:02, A003-005 What did the Schoolchildren's Summer Course in Seismology and Volcanology left 400 participants something? Kazuyuki Nakagawa 5/17, 10:02-10:14, A003-006 The seacret of Kyoto : The 9th Schoolchildren's Summer Course inSeismology and Volcanology Akiko Sato, Akira Sangawa, Kazuyuki Nakagawa Working group for -
Space Weathering on Mercury
Advances in Space Research 33 (2004) 2152–2155 www.elsevier.com/locate/asr Space weathering on Mercury S. Sasaki *, E. Kurahashi Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan Received 16 January 2003; received in revised form 15 April 2003; accepted 16 April 2003 Abstract Space weathering is a process where formation of nanophase iron particles causes darkening of overall reflectance, spectral reddening, and weakening of absorption bands on atmosphereless bodies such as the moon and asteroids. Using pulse laser irra- diation, formation of nanophase iron particles by micrometeorite impact heating is simulated. Although Mercurian surface is poor in iron and rich in anorthite, microscopic process of nanophase iron particle formation can take place on Mercury. On the other hand, growth of nanophase iron particles through Ostwald ripening or repetitive dust impacts would moderate the weathering degree. Future MESSENGER and BepiColombo mission will unveil space weathering on Mercury through multispectral imaging observations. Ó 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction irradiation should change the optical properties of the uppermost regolith surface of atmosphereless bodies. Space weathering is a proposed process to explain Although Hapke et al. (1975) proposed that formation spectral mismatch between lunar soils and rocks, and of iron particles with sizes from a few to tens nanome- between asteroids (S-type) and ordinary chondrites. ters should be responsible for the optical property Most of lunar surface and asteroidal surface exhibit changes, impact-induced formation of glassy materials darkening of overall reflectance, spectral reddening had been considered as a primary cause for space (darkening of UV–Vis relative to IR), and weakening of weathering. -
Kaae, Leonard Kuuleinamoku, July 19, 2012 Leonard Kuuleinamoku Kaae, 84, of Honolulu, a Retired Hawaiian Tug & Barge Seaman and an Army Veteran, Died
Kaae, Leonard Kuuleinamoku, July 19, 2012 Leonard Kuuleinamoku Kaae, 84, of Honolulu, a retired Hawaiian Tug & Barge seaman and an Army veteran, died. He was born in Honolulu. He is survived by wife Ruth H. and sisters Ethel Hardley and Rose Giltner. Private services. [Honolulu Star-Advertiser 11 August 2012] Kaahanui, Agnes Lily Kahihiulaokalani, 77, of Honolulu, Hawaii, passed away June 14, 2012 at Kuakini Medical Center. Born July 10, 1934 in Honolulu, Hawaii. She was retired Maintenance Housekeeping Personel at Iolani Palace. She is survived by sons, Clifford Kalani (Marylyn) Kaahanui, Clyde Haumea Kaahanui, Cyrus Kamea Aloha Kaahanui, Hiromi (Jeanette) Fukuzawa; daughters, Katherine Ku’ulei Kaahanui, Kathleen Kuuipo (Arthur) Sing, Karen Kehaulani Kaahanui; 14 grandchildren; 10 great-grandchildren; sister, Rebecca Leimomi Naha. Visitation 10:00 a.m. Thursday (7/19) at Mililani Downtown Mortuary, Funeral Service 11:00 a.m., Burial 2:00 p.m. at Hawaiian Memorial Park Cemetery. Casual Attire. Flowers Welcome. [Honolulu Star-Advertiser 17 July 2012] Kaahanui, Agnes Lily Kahihiulaokalani, June 14, 2012 Agnes Lily Kahihiulaokalani Kaahanui, 77, of Honolulu, a retired Iolani Palace maintenance housekeeping worker, died in Kuakini Medical Center. She was born in Honolulu. She is survived by sons Clifford K., Clyde H. and Cyrus K. Kaahanui, and Hiromi Fukuzawa; daughters Katherine K. and Karen K. Kaahanui, and Kathleen K. Sing; sister Rebecca L. Naha; 14 grandchildren; and 10 great- grandchildren. Visitation: 10 a.m. Thursday at Mililani Downtown Mortuary. Services: 11 a.m. Burial: 2 p.m. at Hawaiian Memorial Park. Casual attire. Flowers welcome. [Honolulu Star- Advertiser 17 July 2012] Kaahanui, Carolyn Luana, July 21, 2012 Carolyn Luana Kaahanui, 59, of Kahului, a Makena Surf housekeeping department employee, died in Maui Memorial Medical Center. -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
Miniature Space GPS Receiver by Means of Automobile-Navigation Technology
[SSC07-VIII-1] Miniature Space GPS Receiver by means of Automobile-Navigation Technology Hirobumi Saito Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agenc 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510 Japan; 81-42-759-8363 [email protected]/jp Takahide Mizuno*, Kousuke Kawahara*, Kenji Shinkai*, Takanao Saiki*, Yousuke Fukushima*, Yusuke Hamada**, Hiroyuki Sasaki***, Sachiko Katumoto*** and Yasuhiro Kajikawa**** *Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510 Japan **Musashi Institute of Technology, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setahaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8557 Japan ***Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji-city, Tokyo, 192-8577 Japan ****Tokyo Denki University, 2-2 kanda, Nishikicyou, chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8457 Japan ABSTRACT Miniature space GPS receivers have been developed by means of automobile-navigation technology. We expanded the frequency sweep range in order to cover large Doppler shift on orbit. The GPS receiver was modified to output pseudorange data with accurate time tag. We tested the performance in low earth orbits by means of a GPS simulator. The range error caused by the receiver is measured to be 0.9 meter in RMS. Receiver was on-boarded on INDEX (“REIMEI”) satellite, which was launched in 2005. Cold start positioning was confirmed repeatedly to finish within 30 minutes on orbit. The orbit determination was performed to evaluate the random position error of GPS receiver by means of the residual error. The random error of GPS position is as large as 2 meter for PDDP=2.5 on orbit. The RMS value of range error is evaluated to be 0.6m from the flight data. -
Vom D Heft Nr. 258 / 18MB
W E L T R A U M - PHILATELI E Mitteilungsblatt Daheim bei Hermann Oberth: Nr. 258 ISSN 0948-6097 Jahreshauptversammlung 2015 Weltraum Philatelie e. V. 1. Vorsitzender, Geschäftsstelle : Dr. Stephen Lachhein, Schöne Aussicht 3c, 51381 Leverkusen, e-mail: [email protected] Stellv. Vorsitzender, Schriftführer, Mitteilungsblatt, Eil-Informationsdienst: Jürgen Peter Esders, Rue Paul Devigne 21-27, #6, 1030 Bruxelles, Belgien. E-mail: jpes- [email protected], Tel. +32 2 248.26.20 Schatzmeister: Michael Anderiasch, Irkensbusch 12 b, 46535 Dinslaken, Tel. 02064/970418, e-mail: [email protected] Beisitzer: Dr. Hans-Ferdinand Virnich, Bergstraße 1, 35764 Sinn, e-mail: [email protected] Siegfried Zimmerer, Stuttgarter Straße 177, 70469 Stuttgart-Feuerbach, e-mail: siegfried.zimmerer@t- online.de Mitgliedsbeitrag mit BDPh-Mitgliedschaft: 44 Euro Mitgliedsbeitrag ohne BDPh-Mitgliedschaft: 25 Euro Jugendliche: 10 Euro Bankverbindung: Kreissparkasse Waiblingen (BLZ 602 500 10), Konto Nr. 8 225 801 IBAN: DE73 6025 0010 0008 2258 01 – BIC: SOLADE S1 WBN Paypal: [email protected] Impressum : Weltraum Philatelie, Mitteilungsblatt ISSN 0948-6097 Herausgeber : Weltraum Philatelie e. V., Sitz Stuttgart, in Zusammenarbeit mit den Gmünder Weltraumfreunden, Gmünd/Österreich Verantwortlicher Redakteur (verantwortlich im Sinne der Pressegesetze): Jürgen Peter Esders, Brüssel, Belgien Auflage: bis zu 450 Exemplaren. Das Mitteilungsblatt erscheint 4 mal jährlich. Druck: Kopierbüro Schmidt, Markt 11, 01471 Radeburg, http://www.kopierschmidt.de Redaktionelle Beiträge von Vereinsmitgliedern oder Außenstehenden können ohne Begründung abge- lehnt. Kürzungen oder sinnenthaltende Textänderungen sowie eine Veröffentlichung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt bleiben der Schriftleitung vorbehalten. Mit Verfassernamen oder Pseudonym gezeichnete Beiträge müssen nicht unbedingt mit der Meinung der Vorstandsmitglieder übereinstimmen bzw. können deren private Meinung darstellen. -
Social Studies Curriculum
WASHINGTON WEST SUPERVISORY UNION SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM Crossett Brook Middle School Fayston Elementary School Harwood Union Middle and High School Moretown Elementary School Thatcher Brook Primary School Waitsfield Elementary School Warren Elementary School October 16, 2001 August 29, 2001 Dear Reader, During the opening phases of writing this document, the committee referred to a variety of materials to begin formulating the work found within these pages. We examined the national standards, state standards, and curricula from other states and districts within Vermont. After exploring these materials, the committee began preparing the skeleton of the document. This phase of the process was long and arduous. It took years of collaboration and compromise. The Scope and Sequence that follows represents a draft that has been reviewed by the committee, the administration, WWSU educators, and experts in the field outside our supervisory union. This document was written for the purpose of informing the practitioner who will use it to guide his or her teaching in the classroom. However, the committee encourages any educator to share his or her pieces with other interested parties. The committee recognizes there might be a need to interpret the meaning of the content for the layperson. The Social Studies Curriculum will include overlying materials such as the WWSU Pre-K – 12 scope and sequence, goals and desired outcomes. Following this overlying material, each grade level includes an introduction sheet with theme(s), geography implications, community service project guidelines, questions to consider, and key concepts covered in that grade. A partial list of resources is included and will be added to at a later date. -
A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
A B 1 Name of Satellite, Alternate Names Country of Operator/Owner 2 AcrimSat (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor) USA 3 Afristar USA 4 Agila 2 (Mabuhay 1) Philippines 5 Akebono (EXOS-D) Japan 6 ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite; Daichi) Japan 7 Alsat-1 Algeria 8 Amazonas Brazil 9 AMC-1 (Americom 1, GE-1) USA 10 AMC-10 (Americom-10, GE 10) USA 11 AMC-11 (Americom-11, GE 11) USA 12 AMC-12 (Americom 12, Worldsat 2) USA 13 AMC-15 (Americom-15) USA 14 AMC-16 (Americom-16) USA 15 AMC-18 (Americom 18) USA 16 AMC-2 (Americom 2, GE-2) USA 17 AMC-23 (Worldsat 3) USA 18 AMC-3 (Americom 3, GE-3) USA 19 AMC-4 (Americom-4, GE-4) USA 20 AMC-5 (Americom-5, GE-5) USA 21 AMC-6 (Americom-6, GE-6) USA 22 AMC-7 (Americom-7, GE-7) USA 23 AMC-8 (Americom-8, GE-8, Aurora 3) USA 24 AMC-9 (Americom 9) USA 25 Amos 1 Israel 26 Amos 2 Israel 27 Amsat-Echo (Oscar 51, AO-51) USA 28 Amsat-Oscar 7 (AO-7) USA 29 Anik F1 Canada 30 Anik F1R Canada 31 Anik F2 Canada 32 Apstar 1 China (PR) 33 Apstar 1A (Apstar 3) China (PR) 34 Apstar 2R (Telstar 10) China (PR) 35 Apstar 6 China (PR) C D 1 Operator/Owner Users 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Government 3 WorldSpace Corp. Commercial 4 Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp. Commercial 5 Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, University of Tokyo Civilian Research 6 Earth Observation Research and Application Center/JAXA Japan 7 Centre National des Techniques Spatiales (CNTS) Government 8 Hispamar (subsidiary of Hispasat - Spain) Commercial 9 SES Americom (SES Global) Commercial -
Securing Japan an Assessment of Japan´S Strategy for Space
Full Report Securing Japan An assessment of Japan´s strategy for space Report: Title: “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report” Published: July 2020 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print) • 2076-6688 (online) Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria Phone: +43 1 718 11 18 -0 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.espi.or.at Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report, July 2020. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: copylot.at Cover page picture credit: European Space Agency (ESA) TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and rationales ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology