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S/No EVENT DESCRIPTION TARGET AUDIENCE
1 Dialogue Negotiation and Mediation 12 days course Multi-dimensional Staff to be deployed to mission. 09 -20 January 2017 funded by UK-BPST NEWS 2 Protection of Civilians (POC) 12 days course Multi-dimensional Staff to be deployed to mission. 09 -20 January 2017 funded by UK-BPST A QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE SUPPORT TRAINING CENTRE VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 (01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016)
3 Election Monitoring and 12 days course Comprises of participants who should be assigned Management (EMM) funded by Denmark to, or possibly assigned to operational positions for 01-10 Februry 2017 a peace operation mission(AU or UN) 4 Child Protection (CP) 12 days course Selected individuals who are serving or will be 01-10 February 2017 funded by UK-BPST serving in senior and middle level positions within PSO. They include military, police and civilian. 5 Regional Senior Mission Leader 12 days course Selected members of Eastern African Regional Course (RSML) funded by UK-BPST organisations and Member States 13-24 February 2017 6 Sexual and Gender Based Violence 12 days course Selected officers serving in AMISOM 13-24 Februry 2017 funded by UK-BPST 7 Conflict Analysis and Prevention 12 days course Practitioners working with peace and security 01-10 March 2017 funded by UK-BPST issues in general and conflict prevention more 20 March -02 April 2017 specifically.
HUMANITARIAN PEACE SUPPORT SCHOOL
8 Leadership and Preventive 12 days course Selected men, women and youth involved in Diplomacy Emphasis on Women funded UN WOMEN Community Peace Building activities. (LPDEW) 16 -27 January 2017 06 -17 February 2017 9 Hostile Environment Assistance 4 days course funded World Vision Staff working in various parts of the Training (HEAT) by World Vision world. 30 January- 02 February 2016 10 AMISOM Force HQ (AMISOM HQ) 33 days course Selected individuals who are serving or will be 06 February – 10 March 2017 funded by serving as staff officers at the mission HQ in AU/UN AFRICOM/ACOTA multinational force. 11 UN Staff Officer Course 19 days course Selected officers who may be serving in a Brigade 06 -17 February 2017 funded DMTC level headquarters within EASF or AU/UN Missions. 12 Community Peace Building Course 12 days course Selected men, women and youth involved in (Turkana-Pokot) funded UN WOMEN Community Peace Building activities. 06 -17 March 2017 13 AMISOM Logistics (AMISOM LOG) 12 days course Selected individuals who will be logistic officers Community Peace Building: A strategy 01- 10 March 2017 funded By UK- BPST serving or will be deployed in mission HQ. for enhancing Peace and Security PEACE AND SECURITY RESEARCH DEPARTMENT IN THIS ISSUE: 14 Amani Lecture Series 1 day event funded Invited Peace Support Operations (PSO) stakeholders 19 January 2017 by IPSTC and experts. • Message from the Director • Community Engagement: The IPSTC Experience in Promoting Women 15 2017 IPSTC Research Agenda 1 day event funded IPSTC Staff, Regional research institutions, Universities Workshop by UNDP/JAPAN and peace and Security Practitioners. Participation in Peace Building • Honouring a Pioneer Peace Maker • IPSTC Gender in Peace Support 07 April 2017 Operations Symposium • Enhancing Child Protection in Armed Conflict through Community Peace Building • Micro is Macro: Community Based Training and Empowerment • Women Leadership for Peace and Security for Marsabit County • Key Visits and Events at IPSTC • Women, Girls and Violent Extremism
© Published by The International Peace Support Training Centre • Increasing Women Participation in Peace Support Operations (PSOs): Not just numbers! • Interpersonal Relationships in Multi-national Military Staff Environment • IPSTC Participation in the Nairobi International P.O. BOX 24232 - 00502, Westwood park, Karen, Kenya Trade Fair • Poetic Corner • Matching PSO Training with Evolving Challenges • Interns Corner • IPSTC First Phone: +254(0) 791574336/786585167 Fax: +254(0) 3883159 Designed and printed by Magfre Enterprises Ltd. Quarter Course Calendar 2017 Email: [email protected] VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 | 01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016 VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 | 01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016 1 PSRD UPDATES PSRD UPDATES
TableE BUILDERS of Contents NEWS
Message from the Director…...... 2
Community Engagement: The IPSTC Experience in Promoting Women Participation in Peace Building.…………...... 4
Honouring a Pioneer Peace Maker....……………...... 6
IPSTCT Gender in Peace Support Operations Symposium…………...... 8
Enhancing Child Protection in Armed Conlict through Community Peace Building...... …………...... ……...... 9
Micro is Macro: Community Based Training and Empowerment…...... …...... 11
Women Leadership for Peace and Security for Marsabit County...... 13 Community Peace Building: Key Visits and Events at IPSTC…...... 14 A strategy for enhancing Women, Girls and Violent Extremism…..…….…...... ….17 Peace and Security Increasing Women Participation in Peace Support Operations (PSOs): Not just numbers! ……………………...... …...... 19 It is the end of yet another busy year for the International Peace Support Training Centre (IPSTC) that saw a Interpersonal Relationships in myriad of activities and projects being succesfully Multi-national Military Staff Environment………...... …21 implemented. To begin with, I wish to appreciate the contribution and committment that has been exhibited IPSTC Participation in the Nairobi by all our members of staff towards ensuring that all International Trade Fair...... 22 that was planned at the beginning of the year has been attained despite some unforeseen challenges. Some of the tasks that were accomplished in 2016 Poetic Corner…………………...... 24 are: Training, Facilitation and conduct of courses, Field research, Workshops and Symposiums and Training Matching PSO Training with Needs Assessment (TNA) among others. Evolving Challenges……………...... …….…25 Training Needs Assessments were successfully carried Interns corner...... ……...... 26 out by our teams who visited Mombasa, Marsabit and IPSTC First Quarter Course Turkana/Pokot Counties. The findings of the report Calendar 2017...... 28 were used to develop Comunity Peace Building and Women, Leadership and Preventive Diplomacy courses. Subsequently the trainings were conducted, with one commmunity Peace Building course being delivered in Moyale, Ethiopia from 28th August to COVER PICTURE: IPSTC staff during a team building 2nd September 2016. activity at HPSS on 14 December 2016
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Group photo of Child Protection in Peace Support Operations symposium held on 13 October 2016
A research agenda workshop on issues across peace support Meanwhile, plans are underway to Gender in Peace Support Operations operations spectrum. The Centre ensure that Simulation of training which was aimed at supporting the also conducted one series of Amani scenarios kicks off soon, which will development of evidence based lectures that tackled terrorism as a enhance the practical aspects of knowledge on the imperative role thematic area. And,practitioners the training. IPSTC also takes this women play in peace and security was explored ways of addressing opportunity to thank the various held on 29 April 2016. The deliberations challenges associated with this governments and partners for their from the workshop enabled the issue in relation to Peace Support contributions and guidance provided Centre to conduct field research in Operations. throughout the year. In the same spirit, Ethiopia and Kenya while providing the Centre looks forward to continued further insight into gender aspects in The theme for this quarter’s engagement and partnership in the peace and security. This also led to newsletter Community Peace New Year 2017. the publication of several research Building: A strategy for enhancing papers, amongst them six Issue Briefs Peace and Security sums up the Finally, I take this opportunity to wish all and two Occasional Papers. focus of training and Research the staff, friends and partners of IPSTC that has been conducted during prosperous New Year 2017. May God The Centre’s training platforms; Peace the year. These interventions were bless you all. and Conflict Studies School (PCSS) deliberately meant to empower and the Humanitarian Peace Support communities in the management Thank you. School (HPSS) successfully continued of security affairs in their localities, Brigadier Patrick M Nderitu training military, civilian and police and moreso to ensure that women Director, IPSTC components from Africa and the rest use the knowledge gained to of the world. During the year, more participate proactively. than 144 courses were conducted in the Centre, with a remarkable Lastly, IPSTC also managed to start 5,466 participants trained on diverse the online evaluation of training.
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Community Engagement: The IPSTC Experience in Promoting Women Participation in Peace Building
Ethio-Kenya cross border Community Peace Building course participants having a group discussion
Approaches that largely involve the building structures due to lack of how will we get feedback?” The community in executing government peace building skills and knowledge respondent went on and explained programmes are largely referred among others; the IPSTC intervenes how organizations in the past have to as community engagement. by enhancing skills and knowledge. collected data from the area and they Depending on context, community The following reflections on have (community members) never engagement can cover a range the principles of community known what happened with it neither of activities such as consultation, engagement and their benefit is did they benefit from the process. extension, communication, education, based on the design and delivery of While I understand the constraints public participation, participative this course. that many organizations face in terms democracy or working in partnership. of budget allocation, especially In Kenya, the constitution calls it The course is designed with to organize community feedback public participation. Community information collected from the sessions after research, the lack of engagement is critical, the IPSTC field. I share some of the field feedback is one of the ways that experience attests to this observation. experiences I have gathered and contributes to community hostilities used in designing and running this towards researchers and other In 2015 through 2016, with support from course. organizations. But also, the lack of government of Japan through UN feedback, denies the organization an Women Kenya, IPSTC designed a new I recall, while conducting training opportunity to receive the community set of courses called the community needs assessment, in particular, for input, endorsement and trust. peace building course. The courses the cross-border community peace are unique in that they predominantly building course targeting Kenya- Luckily, the IPSTC management had target local women from Kenyan Ethiopia boarder communities provided a budget for a community counties affected by conflict as in February 2016, I was asked feedback session. I responded with trainees. The target audience is an unusual question. One of the pride, “yes we will come back to justified by the fact that women in research respondents asked the inform you what we have gathered. Kenya are very lowly represented IPSTC research team, “what will We will use the information to develop in both formal and informal peace you do with this information and a curriculum that we will use to train
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members of your community” We Best community engagement the community members to then organised a feedback session, in practices employed include; easily adopt and open up to which we shared the needs assessment 1. Conducting training needs IPSTC training processes and findings and the curriculum. We assessments; in which we explain trainers while helping IPSTC build received critical feedback and input to the target community/ confidence and trust with the on how to effectively conduct the audience the intent and ask community. course, considering the dynamics of them to contribute their ideas cultural diversity of a people divided by and proposals on training Benefits of community engagement to an imaginary border, who frequently content, participants and mode IPSTC work engage in conflict and do not see the of delivery; This approach has enabled IPSTC need why women should participate 2. Involving subject matter experts to achieve intended result faster in peace building processes. During suggested by the community in than expected. For instance, IPSTC the meeting, I could feel the strong developing the course curricula; during training needs assessment bond of trust, mutual confidence this allows the course to be was informed that training women and support. Indeed, without this context specific hence relevant only from a highly Muslim patriarchal meeting, running the course would and practical; community was futile. The IPSTC have practically been impossible. 3. Conducting feedback sessions changed the approach and included Besides, the results of this training on on the needs assessment few men in strategic positions in the ground are impressive, women are report and course content; peace building structures. These men now getting involved in cross border which allows for consensus on were instrumental in influencing the community peace building initiatives! course content, participation of inclusion of women in community community members in training, peace building structure. Besides In a nut shell, the IPSTC process of preferred time to conduct the the centre has been able to deliver designing and implementing the training and logistical issues training content that is relevant community peace building courses involved; and applicable and has built strong has fully engaged with the community 4. Use of trainers from the trustworthy relationships with the and we have observed great results. community during training; communities involved. From this practice, IPSTC has identified this bridges the gap between some best practices in community IPSTC trainers and the Catherine Njeru engagement. community members. It helps Gender specialist, IPSTC
A group photo for CPB course participants from Turkana and West Pokot Counties during a closing ceremony on 06 December 2016
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‘As fire refines gold so suffering refines Kenya. Dr. Scholz had pulled me and means of bringing an end to virtue’, Chinese proverb out of a ten year career in writing, community conflicts. The committee editing and electronic media in a would negotiate for return of stolen publishing firm, Jacaranda Designs livestock and compensation for LTD, founded by an American lady, murder instead of using police, armed Susan Carvalho, in 1991. forces or formal courts to adjudicate the conflicts. This peacebuilding Dekha had been ejected out of infrastructure model has now been ordinary life by conflict in her home scaled across all Counties in Kenya district of Wajir that claimed more and it has been adapted in Ghana than 1500 lives. The conflict was and Ethiopia. occasioned by a combination of factors such as climate change, Dekha joined Responding to Conflict poor governance, scarcity of (RTC), a group based in Birmingham, resources such as water and pasture UK in 1998 and was a board member Dekha Ibrahim Abdi and Somali clan conflicts between of Co-existence International and The Kenyan public roads have Degodia and Ajuran in the early a founding member of Action for claimed many a souls since the 1990s. Conflict International. She also worked advent of automobiles in the colonial era. Dekha Ibrahim (RIP) became With some few fellow women for Peace Direct, based in one of those victims as she travelled notably, Fatuma Abdilkadir (Vice London, Development Alternatives from her Wajir home to Nairobi via Chairperson, Commission on Incorporation (DAI) in Nairobi, she was Garissa on the fateful day of 14, July, Revenue Allocation (CRA)) and a member of UNDESA consortium on 2011. Dekha was born to a rural Somali Rukia Subow, former national peacebuilding in Sub Saharan Africa muslim family in 1964. She studied in chairperson, Maendeleo Ya from 2000, and, also chaired the local schools and later became a Wanawake Organization, they board of the Center for Peace and head teacher in one of the schools in founded the first Distric Peace Conflict Studies in Cambodia. Wajir. Committee (DPC) in Kenya in As a pioneer member of National I met Dekha in 2001. She was at the 1995, i.e., the Wajir Peace and Steering Committee on Peacebuilding time a board member of Coalition Development Committe (WPDC). and Conflict Management (NSC), for Peace in Africa (COPA) and an This was after a laborious struggle she was instrumental in developing outstanding trainer/facilitator.She with local administration and Somali national peacebuilding policy. She was a humble personality with sharp was also notable in forging peace protruding eyes, and often wore a patriachal clan leadership. It is pacts among communities such as disarming smile. She relentlessly sought important to note that during this Somali, Boran, Gabbra, Samburu, to touch the enduring spirit of peace time in Kenya, matters to do with Pokot, Turkana, Abagusii, Kalenjin, in every man or woman she came security were out of bounds for among others. She was a key facilitator across despite the gloom in conflict civilians. The committee succeeded in the Alfatah and Modogashe peace situations. in bringing an end to Wajir conflicts declarations. The Transitional Federal that had been going on for several Government of Somalia (TFG) sought I attended her training workshop at years. her assistance in negotiations with Ufungamano House, Nairobi, in 2001. clan leaders and was the first Kenyan This would be my first peace building The peace committee was an woman to address Somalia federal course that would set me on a long organic peacebuilding tool transitional parliament. She was also journey for the next 15 years. Dekha bringing together government a member of NSC and Concerned had been my third peacebuilding officials in charge of security, Citizens for Peace initiatives that mentor after Dr. Ingo Scholz, Regional clan elders, religious leaders, addressed the aftermath of the 2007 Director (Estern Africa) for Konrad members of parliament and ward post election violence in Kenya, Adenauer Foundation (KAF) and representatives, women and notably Uwiano and Ushahidi. She Michael Muragu, head of PEACENET- the youth, to deliberate on ways advised development partners to
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Dekha Ibrahim Abdi receiving an award. Source: http://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org
address both the perpetrators and Dekha’s star rising in arid zone was her demise, she was working for the victims in order to restore durable noticed far and wide and soon establishment of a Peace University in peace. development partners such as Wajir. USAID, UNDP, UNIFEM, OXFAM, Civil Dekha pioneered theory of conflict Society Organizations (CSO) in West The peacebuilding industry in Kenya transformation and peacebuilding Bank and Gaza, Israel and Palestine, and the world cherish your values and as can be seen in her published sought her hand in addressing mission works. She published many books, communal conflicts. In Kenya she articles and papers on peacebuilding was awarded the Distinguished Your memory is still honoured by in collaboration with a number Medal for Service in 1999. In 2005 she peace makers across the globe. of authors around the world. The was named Kenyan Peacebuilder To the children the mantle goes. literature brings out the salience of the year and in the same year Great spirits never die. of conflict analysis, understanding she was among the 1000 women context, individual agency, capacity nominated for the Nobel Peace Joseph Kioi Mbugua building, learning cycle, adaptation, Prize. At the global stage, she won Researcher, IPSTC empowerment, inclusion of parties the 2009 Hesse Peace Prize, making in conflict, collaborative and values her the first African and only the based approaches, imagining desired second woman on the globe to win futures, linking practice to policy this award. In 2007 she won the Right and respecting the actors. Dekha Livelihood Award, also known as horned her peace building skills in ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’. many forums including the summer Dekha remains a towering source of peacebuilding institute at Eastern inspiration to many men and women Mennonite University (EMU), USA. peacemakers in the world. Prior to
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IPSTC Gender in Peace Support Operations Symposium
Peace Support Operations research Symposium participants following a presentation on 25 November 2016
The International Peace Support The UN Women was represented (FCO-UK), Deutsche Gesellschaft Training Centre (IPSTC) held its by Mrs. Idil Absiye who is a Peace für Internationale Zusammenarbeit annual Research Symposium on 25th and Security Specialist within the (GIZ), East Africa Standby Force November 2016 at its Karen campus organization. (EASF), Awareness Against Human in Nairobi. The symposium was Trafficking HAART and African Peace gracefully opened by the Director of The symposium was on Gender Support Trainers Association (APSTA). the Institution, Brig. Patrick M Nderitu in Peace Support Operations, Also in attendance were scholars and subsequent presentations were and aimed at providing a forum and students from various institutions done by the Head of Research for peer review and discussion of higher learning including United Col. M K Kombo. Research findings on key knowledge gaps from States International University – Africa were disseminated by researchers the field research conducted in (USIU-A), Kenyatta University, University in the Peace and Security Research 2016. The overall objectives of the of Nairobi, Makerere University Department. There were two Symposium were to Share IPSTC (Uganda), Dedan Kimathi University, discussants who reviewed the research findings and outcomes and Kisii University. research findings and gave advice on with practitioners, suggest input for areas of improvement for the research improving the papers, and to provide Two papers from the field research papers that would be produced opportunities for collaboration were presented. The first, was, Cross out of these research endeavors. and networking with various Border Conflict and Gendered The discussants were contracted organizations and institutions that Implications on Local Communities: from the academia and had vast were represented. In attendance the Case of Kenya – Ethiopia Border. experience in the domain of gender, were senior military officers (Kenya This research was conducted along the peace and security. The event was Defence Forces), a member of Kenya-Ethiopia border as this area has well directed and moderated by Lt the diplomatic corps (South Africa faced historical cross border conflicts Col Raphael Kiptoo (Head of Applied High Commission), professionals fueled by ethno, socio-economic Research) and Prof Timothy Gatara from various organizations involved and political relations. This conflict (Senior Researcher). The Symposium in gender, peace and security, has caused numerous fatalities, was sponsored by the Government of including UN Women, Japan Centre displacement and loss of livelihoods. Japan, and UN Women. for Conflict Prevention (JCCP), The research looked at the Moyale- Foreign and Commonwealth Office Kenya and Moyale-Ethiopia border
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conflict and its gender implications. Enhancing Child Protection in Armed
The second paper was on Assessing Conflict through Community Peace Building Gender Mainstreaming in Security Sector Reform (SSR) in Kenya: The Among the key drivers of conflicts enjoyment of their rights. Children Case of National Police Service. The in Eastern Africa is the dimension in need of protection entail those research sought to look in to the of ethnic identities. This cuts across who find themselves in vulnerable level of gender mainstreaming in both national and international situations, those whose circumstances the NPS as clear policies based on borders, land and historical make them vulnerable to unsafe gender responsive approaches in SSR grievances amongst communites. behaviours or incapability to enjoy are needed in order for the police Hence the question is; what makes their fundamental rights for their own service to be effective and effficent in a young girl or a boy perceive personal development and livelihoods. carrying out its duties and mandate. his or her peers from other ethnic They include children in employment, The study centred around Kenya communities as hostile enemies, children living on the street, children and was conducted in five Counties rather than as their “own kind ”? sexually exploited, orphans and other vulnerable children, and children in including Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, It is estimated that one in ten children armed conflict. Nakuru, and Isiolo. are living in a country affected by armed conflict. According to In accordance with the convention Apart from listening to the research (UNICEF, 2014) 230 million children on the Rights of the Child, a child is findings during the symposium, lived in countries traumatized by defined as every human being below participants were also actively armed conflict. engaged in discussions through plenary sessions and syndicate (group) sessions where they were given an opportunity to analyze two topics related to the research topics of the day. The participants were divided into two syndicate groups which discussed and presented their findings. This was an avenue for ensuring that all participants played a part in giving a positive input for developing a sound research paper that is policy oriented. The Symposium was a huge success, heavily informative and geared towards enhancing peace and security not only in Kenya and Ethiopia but the East African region as a whole. Child Protection course participants following a presentation Following a summary of events that the age of 18. Children Associated characterized the symposium, the In Eastern Africa, children have with Armed Forces and Armed Groups gathering was invited to a cocktail been actively involved in armed (CAAFAG) are affected by armed session where networking and conflict be it at the state armed conflict differently, hence inorder to mingling concluded a busy schedule forces or non-state armed groups as gain ground on the goal of protecting that was the Gender in Peace Support witnessed in South Sudan, Somalia, children during armed conflict and Operations Symposium. Sudan, Burundi and Uganda. This calls for an urgent need for effective ending the inpunity of the perpetrators, Maj G O Misiani measures towards child protection. the United Nations Security Council Assistant Researcher, IPSTC (UNSC) identified categories of Child protection involves structures violations popularly known as six grave and measures that prevent violations. These include: Recruitment and respond to abuse, neglect, or use of children as soilders, Killing exploitation and violence against and maiming of children, Sexual children that hinders them from violence aganist children, attacks
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disabled, often by small arms and light weapons, landmines still logged in the ground and unexploded items. There is also sexual abuse of children; girls and boys end up being raped, suffer sexual mutilation and forced prostitution since they have no one to protect them and are traumatized. Such children often exhibit a wide range of symptoms, among them, development delays.
The community plays a crucial role in child protection especially in armed conflict. Community peacebuliding Group task presentation by Child Protection course participants helps the communities in mangement of conflict and understanding the against schools or hospitals, denial of which ensures planning, policy, violent risks and impacts it has on the humanitarian access for children and budgets, law making and children. abduction of children. enjoyment of human rights, as well as the international community, Community based child protection In child protection, everyone holds a specifically the United Nations and mechanisms form safe places and certain responsibility, and is expected the African Union. networks for children that brings to do their best in their capacity to together families, communities and protect the children with whom she/ During times of armed conflict, the the children themselves in providing a he is in contact, This makes a circle of parents or protective actors of these number of services mainly; protection actors, which ranges from the family children may be killed or separated to the affected children, psychosocial level, which incoporates the parents, from their children, making children and peer support, strengtheening the guardians, caregivers and relatives, vulnerable to recruitment by armed resilience and the well being of the to the community level composed groups or militirization as child child and changing their attitudes of elders, friends, neighbours, faith soldiers. Children are affected towards the diversity of the different groups and home based clubs and disproportinately by armed conflict ethnic groups. These networks may groups. There are also the service that often leaves behind war include women and youth groups, providers, comprised of social workers, orphans, refugees and internally children’s clubs, traditional community health workers, educators, security displaced children in the process groups, as well as religious and officers, faith based oragnization and of fleeing violence. Some are community leaders. the media. There is the government severely injured or permanently
Child protection and enhancing the capacity of the community based child protection groups is a key driver for the attainment of peace and security. These children and groups are fully intergrated into the community life and exert significant power and influence in the community. They play a crucial role in promoting reconciliation, non violent conflict resolution mechanisims that is interventions that builds capacity for dialogue, community care of children, promotion of positive social change and enhancing social cohesion, not Syndicate discussion by Child Protection course participants only amongst their community but
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also with others. For example, the the early warning mechanisms, prevent re-recruitment. Children have child friendly spaces provided in and stipulating changes in the special needs, paticularly girls who the case of Democratic Republic of level of violence and conflict. have been sexually violated, are Congo (DRC), usually run by village This data informs and improves pregnant or have young children committees, provided a vital entry targeted prevention and response because they may be rejected point to initiate dialogue that brought programming because it involves by their communities. Some of the community leaders and the children the community. Also, MRM child soldiers recruited may have together. advocates accountability of parties been directed to attack and violate to the conflict who have committed the same communities which they The implementation of Monitoring the grave violations through orginated from, hence they face and Reporting Mechanisims (MRM) publicly naming and shaming them. stigma on reintegration and may be and the corresponding action plans South Sudan, Somalia and DRC considered as outcasts. Hence there immensly contribute to peacebuilding have experience and progress in is a need to inform the community on and reconciliation on multiple levels. the implementation of MRM. the essence of capacity building in In the context of child protection, conflict resolution, leadership skills and its aim is protection of children The reintegration of children personal character development. through prevention of the grave affected by armed conflict back In this regard, women role models violations against them by holding into the community is not always as become crucial in providing a the perpetrators to account. MRM easy as it sounds, since reintegration supporting environment for the girls. informs conflict analysis and identifies must address the underlying causes important trends and patterns for of child recruitment in order to Oliver Mshilla, Intern PSRD
Micro is Macro: Community Based Training and Empowerment
Syndicate Activity during the Mombasa Community Peace Building 3-15 Oct 2016
The greatest goal of community- much effort, skills and resources go can realize sustainable results and based training is to empower people into community empowerment and, solutions. at the grassroots by imparting to as such, each one of us has a role to them knowledge and skills that would play. This implies that as individuals One of the determinants of successful enable them to take control of their or institutions, we have the potential, community empowerment is lives. However, this objective is easier responsibility and mandate to the approach used. Scholars of said than done. As the old adage contribute towards community community development urge goes, “it takes a village to raise a prosperity and development. It is us to start small, slow but steadily child”, and likewise I also think it takes only through effective coordination when initiating or implementing a a community to raise a community. So and partnership that a community community-based program. Among
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others, this premise calls for an initial Mother Teresa, which state that, “I of course, likely to be achieved when focus on individuals before attending alone cannot change the world, community members work directly to groups of people. The main reason but I can cast a stone across the and in partnership with resourceful for this initial narrow focus is because waters to create many ripples.” personnel and institutions outside their people in the community are not Guided by this quote, the overall community. The so called ‘outsiders’ homogenous. Different people in the goal of targeted community training may have the technical expertise society have different perspectives, and empowerment is to move from and financial resources that might needs, roles, behaviours, priorities and micro- to macro-level. not be found within the community. goals among others. A targeted focus In this case, however, the community is therefore more likely to lead to a The notion of targeted empowerment should not be obliged to give up their holistic and deeper understanding of can also be used to explain why many needs and priorities for the sake of the community members at a primary local, national and international receiving the benefits of cooperation. level. It is for this reason that any organizations have today adopted It is only an empowered community training objective has to be specific community-based approaches in that can critical analyse the benefits to a learner and measurable at a very and limitations that accompany basic and personal level. development cooperation. All in all, a good Obviously, targeted partnership between empowerment may the community seem trivial, yet it is a and outside allies significant step towards could achieve the empowerment of the comprehensive whole community and/ coverage in terms of or nation. To ease our impact. A positive- understanding, we may sum outcome is also picture empowerment likely to be realized process as a staircase between communities and members of Syndicate Activity during the Turkana and West Pokot and partners as they Community Peace Building Course 8 Nov-9 Dec 2016 community as the several steps on implementingdevelopment projects learn from each other’s experiences the staircase. In order to achieve at the grassroots. The main reason is and skills. ultimate empowerment experience, that these approaches respect the denoted by the last step at the fact that communities are aware In support of the argument that top of the staircase, one has to go of their own experiences, needs micro is macro, IPSTC and its partners through each step from the bottom- and priorities and hence they are believe in the power and potential up. This means you cannot achieve in a better position to determine of communities in the realization of community empowerment without the appropriate course of action world peace and security. For this due consideration of and attention with regards to their development reason, community-based training to each and every member of the and prosperity. In addition, they and empowerment has received due community. also recognize the capacities and attention and support over the last two potential of community members years. So far, the beneficiaries of such The underlying assumption of towards self-determination and training includes Kenyan communities empowering one life at a time is that, vows to build on these to support in the counties of Marsabit, Mombasa, eventually, the whole community and/ and deliver community’s own West Pokot and Turkana as well as or nation will be empowered through goals. To this extent, community- Ethiopian communities living along the ripple effect. This is because through based approach represent a major Ethio-Kenya border. There are plans to the actions of a single individual we shift from previous approaches roll-out the community-based training are likely to realize intensive and which saw people from outside and empowerment to others parts of extensive effects and implications in the community as providers of Kenya and Eastern Africa. the wider community. This hypothesis development solutions. is supported by the famous words of Margaret Cheptile The best development results are, Curriculum Designer, IPSTC
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Women Leadership for Peace and Security for Marsabit County
“Peace comes from being able to not tabled in the peace agreements ‘to involve women is to sustain contribute the best that we have, or in the post conflict reconstruction peace’). The country adopted and and all that we are, toward creating and peacebuilding programs that is implementing the Kenya National a world that supports everyone. emanate from the negotiations and Action Plan (KNAP) to domesticate But it is also securing the space for therefore they remain marginalized. UNSCR 1325. The KNAP adopts a others [women] to contribute the human security approach addressing best that they have and all that In response to women’s social, economic, and political issues they are”, Hafsat Abiola, Nigerian marginalization, the United Nations around women, peace and security. Human Rights Activist. adopted the United Nations Security It recognizes that the root causes Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 of violence in Kenya are based on The root causes of the conflicts in Kenya (adopted in 2000), which calls these political and socio-economic are multiple and often overlapping. for the increased participation of inequalities and not only electoral These root causes include economic, women in peace and security, violence. The inclusivity of the KNAP is social inequality, marginalization, decision-making and the prevention commendable, particularly, the call youth unemployment, unsettled of violence against women and girls to civil society organisations (CSOs), clashes between traditional and during conflicts. UNSCR 1325 aims to academic and research institutions modern lifestyles, ethnically divided benefit society as a whole and shows to investigate the impact of conflict political landscape, inefficient public that empowerment of both genders on women in Kenya, and their roles, service delivery, and spill overs from need not be to the detriment of one practices, and involvement. This conflicts in neighbouring counties. or the other. It also gives men the includes areas of conflict prevention, Generally, men are considered as opportunity to influence National conflict resolution, peacebuilding, and primary actors in conflict, whereas Action Plan (NAP) objectives and security mechanisms and processes. women assume a peripheral role. The language so that they are invested social roles of men and women have in the success of the strategy. It is in this regard that the International been different in all known human Peace Support Training Centre (IPSTC) societies. The differentiation has been Early in 2016, Kenya developed has developed an array of courses primarily on the basis of division of an action plan to support the to augment government efforts in labour, which has predisposed men to implementation of UNSCR 1325 on realization of UNSCR 1325. In 2016, access and control valuable resources women, peace and security under IPSTC conducted the first women in their societies, but which in turn, has the theme ‘Kuhusisha Wanawake leadership for peace and security made it difficult for men and women ni Kudumisha Amani’ (meaning course for Marsabit County. to equally share power, privilege and status. Continued on page 16
The impact of conflict on men and women entails much more than the general notion that women are primary ‘victims’ and ‘peacemakers’. Women and girls are the most affected by these conflicts. They are not only victims (being killed, maimed, abducted, raped and displaced) but also agents of peace, (those who speak out against the violence and actively campaign for peace) within all these conflicts. Yet, they are under- represented at the leadership and decision making level of peace and security processes that unfold in the counties. Their needs and interests are WLPS course participant explaining a point
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Key Visits and Events at IPSTC
During the Fourth quarter of 2016, the International Peace Support Training Centre welcomed key personalities across the globe to various events. This included various delegations from other institutions, partners and other dignitaries.
The British High Commisioner to Kenya HE Mr Nic Hailey being shown around IPSTC2016 during a visit on 04 October
Maj Gen Mulata planting a tree during a visit on 02 November 2016
A group photo of IPSTC gender implementation workshop held on 19 October 2016
Her Excellency the Belgian Ambassador to Kenya Madam Roxane de Bildeling paying a courtesy call to IPSTC Director on 12 October 2016
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Maj Gen Mulata making a point during a Joint Control
Board Meeting held 06 December 2016 Director IPSTC receiving books donation from ICRC at HPSS on 12 November 2016
A courtesy call to IPSTC Directors office by Outgoing and A group photo with some of the Counter Improvised Incomimg Defence Attachés’ of Egypt on 23 November 2016 Explosive Devices equipment donated by the US government on 4 November 2016
Tree planting exercise by IPSTC staff on 29 November Col Michael MEYBURG Defence Attaché, Netherlands,during a books donation to IPSTC 2016 on 17 October 2016
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Role play by WLPS course participants
Continued from page 13
Briefly, Marsabit is an arid and semi-arid has not been fully addressed and and build capacity by equipping County of former Eastern province or hence a cause of recurrent conflicts. the participants with knowledge and northern Kenya. It is the largest County skills on effective women leadership in the Republic of Kenya in terms of The women leadership course for peace and security. Participants land mass. The county has witnessed sought to respond to the well- appreciated the importance of droughts induced by climate change, established need to give practical women leadership at different stages which increases vulnerability and expression to the UNSCR 1325 (2000) of conflict. As a result the participants intensify conflict over scarce resource, and the corresponding KNAP aims. undertook to advocate for women’s The political dominance of the Borana The course, which drew men and inclusion as well as to create exposure over the years has been challenged women leaders from the seven for the local women leaders involved by the Rendille-Gabbra-Burji (REGABU) sub-counties of Marsabit County, in peace and security initiatives in the coalition creating tensions and aimed at increasing women County. conflicts. engagement in leadership roles in peace and security activities. Although the number of women Currently, transition processes within Moreover, it sought to maximize leaders trained from Marsabit County the devolution system illustrates that the participation and contribution may be equated to a drop of water in leaders mobilize political support of women in national and county the ocean, we should appreciate the along ethnic lines, which poses peace and security decision- fact that a long journey begins with tensions between communities, more making and political dialogue at the one step. This step is what IPSTC has so the Gabbra and Borana. In regards community level. The methodology taken with the hope that the trickle- to gender and political representation, for increasing women engagement down effect will be felt through the women’s participation in political in leadership roles in peace and commitment of the trainees who had positions and decision making is security activities, and getting a seat also received training in community very low. In addition, other minority at the decision-making tables was peacebuilding. communities have been marginalized predominantly through the training from the political arena, an issue that which sought to share information Daniel Wathome Directing Staff, IPSTC
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Women, Girls and Violent Extremism
Women and girls are actively involved to these groups. In instances where headed to Mogadishu en route to in violent extremism. This has brought in they live among violent extremist Syria to be either suicide bombers serious gender implications in regards groups, women and girls may or jihadi brides. Religion and peer to Countering Violent Extremism voluntarily join them with the hope pressure have been seen as some (CVE). Women and teenage girls are of escaping the threat of abuse. of the motivating factors for this lured into violent extremism through They also believe that bearing Jihadi phenomenon. In Europe, since the ISIS radicalization tactics influenced on children gives them hyper-femininity Caliphate was declared, ISIS boasts web forums and chat rooms where and purpose in life. Voluntary joining of having 10% of its foreign fighters they are exposed to peer-to-peer of terror groups like ISIS and Al- as being women. In addition, of the radical views and interactions. Special Shabaab by women and girls has female foreign fighters, 70 women are attention appears to focus on reaching not only taken root in Kenya but is from the United Kingdom (UK) while out to young Muslim women over the at a worrying trend in East Africa, about 60 women are from France. internet as an avenue for bypassing the rest of Africa, Europe, Australia, Furthermore, of the total number of traditional social restrictions within their Middle East, USA and Canada. A 15 female fighters, 18% are from Europe. community. In recent times, Kenya year old girl was recently detained Therefore, Violent Extremism (VE) has seen a number of young women, at an international airport in South has become a global catastrophe among them teenagers, get recruited Africa suspected of being en route needing collective efforts to address into Al-Shabaab activities in Somalia. to Syria to join ISIS. it.
As perpetrators, women and girls Kenya has also faced similar cases. Violent extremism is grave on women join violent extremism as members of For instance, there is the case of and girls as they are denied access female combat brigades or become two young girls who were childhood to education which diminishes suicide bombers. They also become friends. They were detained at the their personal future ambitions and sympathizers of ideologies connected Kenya – Somalia border as they expectations.
Participants keenly listening to proceedings in an IPSTC AmanI Lecture on terrorism on 15 April 2016
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The women are denied a platform countries dominated by extremist influencing the Garissa University terror to participate in public life in terms of groups like ISIS in Syria and Iraq, and attacks that led to the 2nd April 2015 decision making processes, leadership Al Shabaab in Somalia. massacre of 145 students in Garissa roles and policy formulation. UNSCR County. 1325 of 2000 is a vital tool which can Women are ever so frequently be used to address the issue of women subjected to sexual harassment Deep rooted social divisions within and girls in violent extremism. This can and abuse including their denial of Kenya fueled by local politics have be used to ensure that all efforts are the right of freedom of movement, provided an advantage for Al made to actively involve women assembly and expression. They have Shabaab to conduct its VE activities. in peace and security for effective also been subjected to kidnapping The violent attacks on Mpeketoni counter violent extremism. Women’s especially of school girls, restriction town at the Coast region leading to complex roles in the community, either on dressing, and attacks on women the mass death of civilians brought as caregivers or spouses can promote politicians. Looking at this systematic out this deep-rooted social division. or fuel VE thus their ability to be involved and archaic abuse, ISIS, a terrorist As a result of identity politics, the has been previously underestimated. group rife with radicalization and attack was made to look like the local Therefore, policymakers, security violent extremist agendas has communities had lodged an attack on sector agencies and other actors must confined the Yazidi women of Iraq, this town inhabited predominantly by understand the role of gender as a an ancient Kurdish tribe, to sexual communities whose cultural roots are driver for violent extremism and link this slavery of young girls and young perceived to be tied to other regions phenomenon with the fast evolving women. They advocate for uncouth outside of the Coast region of Kenya. violent extremism into terrorism arena. terms and references like ‘legal’ Failure to do this can be an rape and go on further to give online Given such complexities, stakeholders impediment to drawing up of and print guidelines that outline the and actors involved in CVE should effective appropriate strategies that dos and don’ts while perpetrating use both preventive and reactive can counter VE. Gender perspectives this war crime. Violent extremism measures to address VE issues. have not been included wholly in the as a result waters down the aim However, a lot more needs to be quest for addressing violent extremism. of the UNSCR 1325 on Women in done and emphasized on the social This is due to the assumption that Peace and Security which seeks aspect of de-radicalization and whereas boys and men are seen as to enhance the participation of rehabilitation, as well as using an key targets for Countering Violent women in peace and security at ideological perspective to diffuse Extremism (CVE), women and girls are the highest level of decision-making avenues for future new radicalized seen as victims, mothers and siblings. process. In addition to its aim of cases or avenues. Furthermore, the role of women and protecting the rights of women and Watson Karuma Karomba,PSRD girls is perceived to be minimal in girls in their endeavors to enhance violent extremism. Unfortunately, the peace and security. wider role of femininity and masculinity in violent extremism is highly ignored Some of the drivers of VE include with the main focus being generated state sponsored violence against towards boys and men. vulnerable communities, and religious polarization due to In laying out strategies for combatting perceived discrimination of minority and addressing violent extremism, it groups. For example, Kenya has is vital to acknowledge that women been linked with exacerbating VE and girls are subjected to victimization through acts like targeted profiling by violent extremists. Sex and Gender of Kenyan Muslim Somalis in security based Violence (SGBV) has become a operations in Nairobi, the Coast tool of terror by violent extremists who and North eastern regions. The advocate for the rape of women and social divisions that emanated from girls based on their religion, religious marginalization and targeting of ideology and faith. In addition, violent this ethnic group could have led extremism has watered down gender to an increased number of women equality and the rights of the women and girls getting engaged in VE. It in society especially in areas and might have also played some part in
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Increasing Women Participation in Peace Support Operations (PSOs): Not just numbers!
Group photo for Gender in Peace Support Operations course conducted from 17 to 21 October 2016
Africa has witnessed the world’s peace this is not always the the role of women in building peace highest number of conflicts over the case. Some peacekeepers take and protecting women’s rights. last three decades, which has led to advantage of the power their work the deployment of peacekeepers in confers upon them and instead There is urgent need therefore to various peace missions. Among these become predators rather than deploy and train more female military are:UNMISS (South Sudan), UNAMID protectors in situations where the officers to the mission areas so asto (Dafur), UNMIL (Liberia), AMISOM host civilian population is powerless prevent and address SEA in armed (Somalia) MINUSCA (Central African and in great need of protection. conflict and specifically in peace Republic), and MINUSMA (Mali) to Some of the peacekeepers are support operation (PSO). Women’s mention but a few. The peacekeepers involved in Sexual Exploitation participation in the security sector have been explicitly mandated to and Abuse (SEA) with the most has been recognized as essential for protect civilians under threat in the affected being women and girls. the success of the peacekeeping countries where they are deployed. When peacekeepers exploit the missions. It is especially important It is important to note however that vulnerability of the people they to highlight the effect of female during armed conflict, women and have been sent to protect, it is a peacekeepers on reducing instances girls may face sexual violence and fundamental betrayal of trust. of SEA in the community. It is a well- exploitation at the hands of their documented fact that victims of supposed protectors – peacekeepers. Over the years, the nature of conflict sexual violence remain intimidated by Such sexual violence has grave social, has changed, and as a result it has male soldiers regardless of their status, cultural, domestic, physical and placed numerous demands on and that the presence of women can psychological repercussions. peace operations. More emphasis alleviate this intimidation and act as a has been placed on the need to reassurance of the benign intentions These violations are perpetrated increase women participation and of the peacekeepers. The presence by men in uniform. Even though to mainstream gender issues in a of female peacekeepers will minimize peacekeeping involves the mission environment. Women are cases of sexual and gender based deployment of military, police and deployed in all areas as police, violence. The inclusion of women in civilian personnel to help countries civilian and military and have made peace missions is also known to result in emerging from violent conflicts to a positive impact on peacekeeping increased reporting of conflict related create conditions for sustainable environments, both in supporting sexual violence, and it makes it easier
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for survivors to report to the women in missions since in some African cultures, women are not allowed to talk to men who are not close relatives.
The deployment of female peacekeepers has recently become recognized as not simply “desirable, but an operational imperative.” This is based on the presupposition that increasing the gender balance within a mission will increase the peace. Without women’s participation in peace efforts, there can be no peace and security. United Nation Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 of 2000 on women, peace and security, stresses the importance of Group discussion for Gender in Peace Support Operations course participants women’s equal participation and full involvement in all efforts for the survivors of sexual violence; and throughout all stages of mission maintenance and promotion of interacting with women in societies planning, mandate development, peace and security, and the need where women are prohibited from implementation, review and mission to increase women’s role in decision- speaking to men. Therefore the drawdown; and finally the latest making with regard to conflict presence of women peacekeepers UNSCR 2272 (2016) which stresses on prevention and resolution. It also calls further helps to reduce conflict and accountability of the peacekeeping for the UN to expand the role and confrontation; improves access and personnel and stipulates on dire contribution of women in all its field support for local women; provides consequences for any engagement operations, in particular, emphasizing role models for women in the in SEA. on peace operations. community; and provides a greater sense of security to women and girls The UN has attempted to respond UNSCR 1325 is supported by other in the local community. to exploitation of women by resolutions, specifically; UNSCR 1820 UNSCR 2242 (2015) highlights that in peacekeepers through gender (2008) which calls on troop and police the area of peacekeeping, gender training, gender mainstreaming and contributing countries to take key analysis and technical gender codes of conduct that apply to all steps in addressing SEA by troops- expertise should be included categories of UN personnel (civilian, specifically through deployment of a higher percentage of women peacekeepers. UNSCR 1888 (2009) which encourages member states to deploy greater numbers of female military and police personnel to peacekeeping operations and provide all uniformed personnel with adequate training to carry out their responsibilities.
The increased recruitment of women in peace operations is important for the following reasons: empowering women in the host community; helping make the peacekeeping force approachable to women in A presenter making a point duing Sexual and Gender Based Violence the local community; interviewing Training of Trainers (SGBV ToT) course
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police and military contingents). operations while gaining insights on Gender training must be mainstreamed In support of more awareness on concepts, application and realities in every stage of the training of the gender, Train the Trainer Courses within the international, regional and peacekeeping personnel. Therefore on Gender in Peace Support national systems. training, reporting and evaluation Operations and Sexual and Gender mechanisms are necessary for Based Violence, were conducted Similarly, the second Sexual and achieving this gender perspective in at the International Peace Support Gender Based Violence Training of operations. The mission mandates of Training Centre (IPSTC). The training Trainers (SGBV ToT) course funded all peace operations should include brought together the military, by the Government of the United protection of women, consultation police and civilian components. Kingdom (UK) through the British with women and involvement of The sixth Gender in Peace Support Peace Support Team- Eastern Africa women as decision makers. All Operations (PSOs) course funded by (BPST -EA) was held from 31 October missions should have gender advisers the United States Africa Command to 11 November 2016. The aim of the appointed at a senior level, and with (US AFRICOM) and organized course was to build individual and proper resources. by the bilateral Spanish-Dutch professional capacity in the delivery initiative in collaboration with the and coordination of SGBV training in Increasing women’s participation IPSTC was conducted from 17 to order to strengthen prevention and in PSOs has the potential to benefit 21 October 2016. Thirty eight (38) response strategies to minimize SGBV. all parties: the local residents of the course participants from fifteen (15) The training had broad representation mission area, the PSO, and individual countries, namely; Benin, Burkina comprising twenty five (25) participants peacekeepers, both women and Faso, Djibouti, Gabon, Ghana, from twelve (12) countries including men. Understanding the different Guinea, Kenya, Malawi , Mauritania, Burundi, China, Denmark, Djibouti, security needs and roles of women, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, men, girls and boys in an operating Spain, Togo and Uganda were South Sudan, Uganda and Zambia. environment is crucial to the equipped with relevant knowledge protection of civilians, as well as to and skills requisite for gender Miss Grace Mwende broader mission objectives. perspectives in peace support Training Intern- PCSS
Interpersonal Relationships in Multi-national Military Staff Environment
note that in a multi-national staff duty environment, some of these challenges cannot be solved through a series of morning briefs, departmental meetings, conferences and seminars, but rather, through interpersonal relationship building.
When one surveys job advertisements, several positions demand for experience from its applicants. What then will become of those who do not Participants of ACOTA Course conducted at HPSS following a presentation have this experience? The defining attribute in the absence of this The emergence of new threats, working together towards attaining experience could be knowledge. An much of which are cross-boundary a common goal -, a peaceful and individual, say a Peacemaker, might in nature, require the joint response secure environment for all. be excused for lack of experience of nations to effectively manage From a planning perspective, this based on the knowledge he has the situation. Contemporary Peace might appear easy, however, gained through education, training Support Operations (PSO) has brought from an implementation point of and research. together the efforts of different Nations, view, numerous challenges are UN agencies, militaries and civilian encountered. It is interesting to None of these attributes is as critical
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as developing good interpersonal Personality styles in any working concentrate not on the facts but on skills. Many of the challenges faced environment are two-fold; one the impacts of the facts. in the multi-national staff environment based on task and the other on the include language barriers, different process. A task oriented personality It’s important to note that neither of levels of training, lack of inter- will concentrate on results, through the two styles is better than the other.. operability of doctrines, Standing prioritizing of several to do list. They are valid in their own right, and, Operation Procedures (SOPs), Tactics They want details well defined, are in fact they complement each other. Techniques and Procedures(TTPs), uncomfortable with ambiguity and Getting to understand these styles cultural differences, religious affiliations get annoyed by long discussions. and accepting to work with them is and inter-state differences. To tackle Process oriented styles on the other the fundamental key to overcome these challenges, officers, both men hand, gets pleasure from working interpersonal challenges. and women need to develop sound with people, their processes are Maj Patrick Mukundi inter-personal relationship skills. based on relation-building. They S02 Coord, HPSS Interpersonal relationship is a strong, deep or close association or IPSTC Participation in the Nairobi acquaintance between two or more people based on inference, love, International Trade Fair solidarity, regular business interactions or other forms of social commitment. Inter-personal relationship embraces several attributes e.g. tolerance, trust, mutual understanding and respect for each other’s background.
Much as dealing with inter- personal relationship is a complex subject, Mission planners often give inadequate attention to it. Mission players, military, police and civilians are left to sort out their own inter- personal relationship challenges, the result of which is usually chaotic. It is however very difficult to train a mission player on inter-personal relationship. Lt Col Kiptoo-Head of Applied Research showcasing IPSTC activities at the NITF Each individual in a group has a particular and unique personality Nairobi International Trade Fair (NITF) The International Peace Support style that has been shaped by their is a seven day event that runs from Training Centre (IPSTC) had the Honor lifetime experience, beliefs, cultures, late September to early October of representing the Kenya Defence traditions, religious backgrounds, etc. every year. NITF hosts exhibitors from Forces (KDF) through its Peace and Kenya, Africa and the rest of the Security Research Department, Peace Difficult as it might be, a few tips can world offering them an opportunity and Conflict Studies School, and help towards developing productive to display their services and products. Humanitarian Peace Support School. interpersonal skills: In 2016, the theme for the trade The unique role of IPSTC within the a. Get to know yourself. fair was Enhancing Technology in KDF was evident through its display Agriculture and Industry for Food of Applied Research & Curriculum b. Get to know each other. Security and National Growth. Development, and Training Schools c. Sharing feelings. materials, audio visuals and pictorials rd The Trade Fair was held on the 3 to the visitors who thronged the KDF d. Active listening. th to 9 of October 2016 at the usual stand at the fair. In showcasing the role Jamhuri Park Grounds in Nairobi e. Working with different of IPSTC in capacity building through personality style. County, Kenya. training of the Military, Police and Civilians involved in Peace Support
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Operations (PSO), the institution deployment that IPSTC offers. Mixed the eye of the National Police Service helped the overall KDF stand scoop emotions of pride, accomplishment personnel who were also interested top awards specifically in the area and desire to serve was evident in the courses offered due to their of Research and Innovation, and on the officers and soldiers as they participatory role as police in PSO Community Service. watched a video on the ‘Role of through peacekeeping. Others that KDF in Peacekeeping Missions’. visited included the Kenya Wildlife Below are some excerpts from the Service (KWS), Administration Police visitors’ book: Others expressed their desire to (AP), Kenya Prisons, and Kenya Forest “Keep it up, good work!” participate in the array of capacity Service. Brig F G Ahmed building courses on offer as they looked forward to upcoming PSO Organizations and institutions that “Peace support operations are Missions. There was also an aura of came by include the Kenya Ports critical in stabilizing Africa. IPSTC is the respect and admiration from the Authority, Kenya Pipeline Corporation, provider of capacity building for PSO. general public due to the unique set DEFMIS, DEFTEC, AP Training College, Well done!” up of IPSTC staff as the video of the National Youth Service (NYS), St Johns Col P O Otieno 2015 Open Day was aired. College, Pumwani, and University of Nairobi, Kenyatta University, Kenya This was occasioned by the human “Excellent. Keep it up promoting Methodist University, United States resource set up at the centre that peace!” International University-Africa among evidently portrayed a multicultural Mary Wambui Kanyi – Gender Expert, others. and multidisciplinary personnel UoN – AWSC made up of KDF, Regional and Delegations from various primary and The IPSTC stand was a beehive of International Military, and National secondary schools from around the activity as various organizations, staff (non-military personnel). country also paid the stand a visit. institutions, schools and security They included Mususye DEB Primary sector agencies’ footprints affirmed. IPSTC had the pleasure of hosting school from Kagundo, and Kawala Within the security sector agencies, various Senior KDF officers including Secondary School from Kirinyaga to KDF officers and soldiers were quite the Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) mention but a few. intrigued and interested in the Gen Samson Mwathethe, The training and research programmes Kenya Air Force Commander and Below are additional excerpts of undertaken by the institution. The his Deputy, the First Female Brigadier comments and feedback from the documentaries the stand aired were F.G Ahmed and Col P.O Otieno visitors’ book: welcomed, with a keen appreciation Former Head of Research at IPSTC, “I have learnt a lot today about of the preparatory courses on pre- among others. IPSTC also caught peace. Thank you, I shall come again. God Bless IPSTC.” Margaret Nzisa (12yrs) – Mususye DEB Primary School, Kagundo
“Thank you! Excellent service and training delivery” Hassan A, HSC – AP Training College
“Excellent and informative” Kibagendi Duke
“Well organized stand and excellent explanations” Kennedy Okwaro – Kenya Ports Authority
Watson Karuma Karomba,PSRD Delegation of pupils visiting IPSTC stand at the NITF
VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 | 01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016 VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 | 01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016 23 PSRD UPDATES PSRD UPDATES Poetic Corner Power and Peace making in a Turbulent World
Power means different things to Power controls both the rulers and They are devoured by the enemies like different people; the ruled, inmates and wardens carcass for hounds Calamities and ailments afflict them To some power is the currency Power is diffuse and operates like never before of political, economic and social beyond institutions and structures transactions Power is a process, it is determined Those who fulfill the heavenly proclamations live in peace While to others power is the symbol of by the interplay between human agency and institutional/contextual oppression Among themselves and with their limititations neighbours There is no universal agreement on Power is dependent on what the concept of power means And they expect to enter the gates of culture,context, space and time paradise when the day of reckoning Power is the ability of people to act beckons in a directed and voluntary way for Is power a factor of norms and change (Hajer, 1989) values, or class interests? Is power then beyond human Is power generated by human agencies and structures? It is about systems and regulations and agency and limited by the social Is it a realm of the gods? the resources they command structures? (Giddens, 1982) Do peace makers have a transcendent Power is about dialectics of To a peace maker power is the inspiration on power? dependence and autonomy in human ability to intervene in events human relations (Davis, 1988) and to make a difference If not how can they make peace?
Is power a paradox of good and evil? Power is a prerequisite for peace Do the gods bequeath power to evil Power imbues both resistance and and development schemers? obedience (Lukes, 1989) Power is a central variable in conflict Bucthers of men and women? Like the metaphor of the Chess game power is a political game with rules How can empowerment of the less Architects of violence and genocide? and regulations privileged be achieved without knowledge of power? Oppressors of the weak and orphans? Power can create change and How can global peace and security Religious persecutors and wicthes? tension in a system be achieved without understanding power? Power to make war and peace What does research on power seek to achieve? Without understanding its dynamics Remains a constant dialectic of time There is no objective scientific truth and balances? and space and the scientist does not operate outside the social structure like a sage Do those bequeathed with high Not an era nor philosophy escapes its or prophet (Foucault, 1980/2) offices contemplate the implication grip of their decisions on peace and He is part of the society security? Today its Syria yesterday it was Assyria
Power informs the prevailing Are they conscious managers of Today its Iraq yesterday it was legitimization of social relations/rules/ power or slaves of their systems? Mesopotamia regulations/behaviour And when the world witnesses Today it is Iran yesterday it was Persia Researching power and its dynamics transitions in global leadership, they Like day and night, war and peace has been a long human quest expect more peace or conflict mark the turbulent life of man Who sets the rules of searching for knowledge (research) and why? What do religion tell us about power yesterday and today as exercised by rulers over ruled True or correct interpretation of power is relative depending on one’s Give unto Caesar, respect authorities Joseph M Kioi, Researcher IPSTC vantage point and context other than those that persecute
Some philosophers hold that it is Those who disobey the most high fruitless to measure power or attempt lose all power in their midst to locate it
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Matching PSO Training with Evolving Challenges
Advanced training: AMISOM Kenya Defence Forces contingent
In Peace keeping operations, peacekeeping and the challenges and collectively, with the knowledge, training is acknowledged to sharpen that peacekeepers face on an skills and attitudes to enable them to: functional skills and to be the everyday basis, there is a need to cornerstone of readiness. Accordingly, ensure that they are adequately • Meet the evolving challenges pre-operational training has become equipped with the knowledge and of peacekeeping operations a mandatory requirement for all skills to perform their duties. in accordance with DPKO/DFS peacekeepers. However, the training To support this idea, the United principles, policies and guidelines, has to be relevant to the context of Nations member states recognized as well as lessons learnt from the the conflict. the importance of training for the field; uniformed personnel since 1995. With • Perform their specialist functions An examination of current Peace the restructuring of Department of in an effective, professional and Support Operations (PSO) reveals the Peace Keeping Operation (DPKO) in integrated manner and; changed context in which operations 2007, the Integrated Training Service • Demonstrate the core values and take place. It also underscores the (ITS) was created as the responsibility competencies of the UN. Three necessity for military and Police Centre for peacekeeping training. main phases of peacekeeping components to adapt to these new It was agreed that among the training are identified in the United circumstances. many elements that determine the Nations system: success or failure of United Nations New developments in PSO peacekeeping operations, the Pre-Deployment Training (PDT): environments ask for new skills for accurate trainings of peacekeepers refers to generic, specialized, and, quick adaptation. This requires a plays a prominent role. where appropriate, mission-specific sustainable and quick mobilization of Peacekeeping training was defined peacekeeping training that is based financial and human resources. The as any training activity which aims to on UN standards and takes place faster these challenges appear, the enhance mandate implementation prior to deployment to a DPKO-led faster new skills have to be acquired. by equipping UN military, police or mission. This training is delivered by Following the dynamic nature of civilian personnel, both individually member states to military and police
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personnel/units in their home country training as part of the “managerial” organizations and insurgents have to and by the Integrated Training Service approach that should be adopted be confronted. Furthermore, new skill (ITS) for civilian personnel. in dealing with peacekeeping and sets such as countering improvised noted that “in order to function explosive devises and conducting Induction Training: refers to training as a coherent force the troop reconnaissance and surveillance that is delivered to DPKO/DFS contingents themselves should through the use of new technologies headquarters staff upon arrival at UN at least have been trained and including unmanned aerial vehicles headquarters in New York or mission- equipped according to a common are required for peacekeepers to specific training that is delivered in a standard. To that end, international operate effectively in the increasingly DPKO-led mission. This may include training centers have been created asymmetric peacekeeping generic and specialized training, providing all kinds of training environment. International partners including training for military police activities for UN peacekeepers. But should do more to provide these niche and civilian personnel. these centers needs a lot of support, capabilities. financially and technically. Ongoing Training: refers to any training In conclusion, remarkable progress in or learning activity for peacekeeping Necessity of partnership assistance training for African forces have been personnel (military, police, or civilian) International cooperation should witnessed, however challenges related undertaken during their assignment at address the gap between the highly to force capacity still persist. Therefore, headquarters or in the field subsequent complex tasks that are increasingly there is a need for continuous to induction training. being demanded of African enhancement of collaboration peacekeepers and the force between centers of excellence and The importance of training was configurations and training required the regional organizations (AU, ICGLR, also emphasized by the Brahimi to perform them. Infantry battalions, EAC, ECOWAS, COMESA and IGAD) Report (2000), which placed its role which are the standard force designs as well as with UN in terms of funding in peacekeeping effectiveness on used in traditional peacekeeping, and expertise. a par with other crucial elements, are not well-suited for the sorts of such as political support and rapid missions required in situations where Col Donatien NDUWIMANA deployment. The report viewed non-state actors such as terrorist Researcher, IPSTC
Interns Corner A Memorable and Enriching Encounter in My Professional Journey
As I trace my educative and hands- on experience on matters to do with Peace and Security that started on May 2nd 2016, when I got an acceptance letter allowing me to join International Peace Support Training Center (IPSTC) as an Intern, I must say God had truly answered my prayers. This is because IPSTC was one of my target organizations to try and seek for an Internship position and later may be a job. So far so good, I managed to extend my initial three months internship period to six so as to get a solid exposure and also contribute immensely to the organization. I have been an intern in the Applied research department, curriculum design section, where my duties Miss Sheila Ngatia at her work station include; assisting in curriculum design.
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I was involved in standardization of of the women leadership and gave one an opportunity to learning plans, attending curriculum hear interesting opinions and stories design writing boards and assisting course, we had a guest speaker ranging from politics to current issues. in developing a curriculum which Hon. Linah Jebii Kilimo who had My colleagues, especially in the included; participated in Women been invited to give a talk on her research department, starting with my leadership for Peace and Security journey in leadership and how her bosses have been of great support - (4th – 6th May), Ethio-Kenya ( position and influence has helped during my internship period. They have Marsabit) Cross border community in building peace in her Community. mentored me, advised me, corrected Peace-building Course (14th -16th me in the various tasks that I have I truly say thank you to IPSTC, all June), Community Peace-building been undertaking, and I do not take the theory I have learnt while (Mombasa County - 28th – 30th June) that for granted. Thank you all and undertaking my undergraduate and Election observation course (26th may you continue supporting IPSTC studies has been put to practice – 28th July) all in the year 2016. while undertaking your primary duties and I have learnt more practical in the research department. For other theories. Interacting with uniformed I also got an opportunity to contribute departments which I have interacted personnel at first I must admit was in writing an article in Issue brief No. with occasionally, including the intimidating, but with time I realized 5 together with Margaret Cheptile Training school and Administration, they are human beings too who on the topic; Gender Integration in it was such a pleasure to meet and had a calling to serve our country. Contemporary peace processes: A interact with you from time to time. I needed to engage with them case study of Marsabit County which Iwish you best of luck as you continue more to hear their stories about the will has since been published. Last supporting IPSTC. Last but not least, various missions they have served, but not least I have also assisted with I must sincerely thank the director the practicality of most of the administrative and clerical duties from Brigadier Patrick Nderitu for allowing theories we read in books and most time to time. This has polished my ICT me to start this journey and continue importantly celebrate and support skills and knowledge of using various supporting this esteemed organization them for the great job they do to office machines. Having the library at to the best of my knowledge. serve our country. my disposal was also quite beneficial Viva International Peace Support for me since all the resources that I I also experienced some good Training Center! needed in my topics of interest on moment’s for instance cocktail matters to do with Conflict resolution, parties where we interacted Sheila Ngatia International Relations and Diplomacy informally with my colleagues and Intern PSRD were available both in hard and soft senior staff which was healthy copies. and sometimes eased the tension
One must admit that IPSTC is the right place for a Peace and Conflict studies student, especially one with a keen interest in Peace keeping. I have also had the privilege of attending a symposium that was held recently in Partnership with Save the children on the topic; Child protection in Peace Support Operations. This was a golden opportunity to network with experts in the field of child protection, and also get insightful information on what really happens on the ground in the context of children in armed conflicts, how this organization has tried to come up with prevention and mitigation strategies and how their Sheila attending a Child protection in Peace Support partnership with IPSTC has helped to Operations Symposium realize this vision. In one of the lectures
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S/No EVENT DESCRIPTION TARGET AUDIENCE
1 Dialogue Negotiation and Mediation 12 days course Multi-dimensional Staff to be deployed to mission. 09 -20 January 2017 funded by UK-BPST NEWS 2 Protection of Civilians (POC) 12 days course Multi-dimensional Staff to be deployed to mission. 09 -20 January 2017 funded by UK-BPST A QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE SUPPORT TRAINING CENTRE VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 (01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016)
3 Election Monitoring and 12 days course Comprises of participants who should be assigned Management (EMM) funded by Denmark to, or possibly assigned to operational positions for 01-10 Februry 2017 a peace operation mission(AU or UN) 4 Child Protection (CP) 12 days course Selected individuals who are serving or will be 01-10 February 2017 funded by UK-BPST serving in senior and middle level positions within PSO. They include military, police and civilian. 5 Regional Senior Mission Leader 12 days course Selected members of Eastern African Regional Course (RSML) funded by UK-BPST organisations and Member States 13-24 February 2017 6 Sexual and Gender Based Violence 12 days course Selected officers serving in AMISOM 13-24 Februry 2017 funded by UK-BPST 7 Conflict Analysis and Prevention 12 days course Practitioners working with peace and security 01-10 March 2017 funded by UK-BPST issues in general and conflict prevention more 20 March -02 April 2017 specifically.
HUMANITARIAN PEACE SUPPORT SCHOOL
8 Leadership and Preventive 12 days course Selected men, women and youth involved in Diplomacy Emphasis on Women funded UN WOMEN Community Peace Building activities. (LPDEW) 16 -27 January 2017 06 -17 February 2017 9 Hostile Environment Assistance 4 days course funded World Vision Staff working in various parts of the Training (HEAT) by World Vision world. 30 January- 02 February 2016 10 AMISOM Force HQ (AMISOM HQ) 33 days course Selected individuals who are serving or will be 06 February – 10 March 2017 funded by serving as staff officers at the mission HQ in AU/UN AFRICOM/ACOTA multinational force. 11 UN Staff Officer Course 19 days course Selected officers who may be serving in a Brigade 06 -17 February 2017 funded DMTC level headquarters within EASF or AU/UN Missions. 12 Community Peace Building Course 12 days course Selected men, women and youth involved in (Turkana-Pokot) funded UN WOMEN Community Peace Building activities. 06 -17 March 2017 13 AMISOM Logistics (AMISOM LOG) 12 days course Selected individuals who will be logistic officers Community Peace Building: A strategy 01- 10 March 2017 funded By UK- BPST serving or will be deployed in mission HQ. for enhancing Peace and Security PEACE AND SECURITY RESEARCH DEPARTMENT IN THIS ISSUE: 14 Amani Lecture Series 1 day event funded Invited Peace Support Operations (PSO) stakeholders 19 January 2017 by IPSTC and experts. • Message from the Director • Community Engagement: The IPSTC Experience in Promoting Women 15 2017 IPSTC Research Agenda 1 day event funded IPSTC Staff, Regional research institutions, Universities Workshop by UNDP/JAPAN and peace and Security Practitioners. Participation in Peace Building • Honouring a Pioneer Peace Maker • IPSTC Gender in Peace Support 07 April 2017 Operations Symposium • Enhancing Child Protection in Armed Conflict through Community Peace Building • Micro is Macro: Community Based Training and Empowerment • Women Leadership for Peace and Security for Marsabit County • Key Visits and Events at IPSTC • Women, Girls and Violent Extremism
© Published by The International Peace Support Training Centre • Increasing Women Participation in Peace Support Operations (PSOs): Not just numbers! • Interpersonal Relationships in Multi-national Military Staff Environment • IPSTC Participation in the Nairobi International P.O. BOX 24232 - 00502, Westwood park, Karen, Kenya Trade Fair • Poetic Corner • Matching PSO Training with Evolving Challenges • Interns Corner • IPSTC First Phone: +254(0) 791574336/786585167 Fax: +254(0) 3883159 Designed and printed by Magfre Enterprises Ltd. Quarter Course Calendar 2017 Email: [email protected] 28 VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 | 01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016 VOLUME 9, ISSUE 4 | 01 OCTOBER - 31 DECEMBER 2016