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No Failure in Peace Work The Life and Teaching of Dekha Ibrahim Abdi 2nd edition ‘People have the tendency to start an initiative, want quick results, and if things don’t work well in two months then they give up and say it has failed. For me there is no failure in peace initiatives. If something is not working it is an invitation for further work, reflection and learning. Peacework needs some risk-taking and exploring sincerely and learning from our mistakes.’ – Dekha Ibrahim Abdi NO FAILURE IN PEACE WORK : The Life and Teaching of Dekha Ibrahim Abdi i Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................ iv PART ONE: LEARNING FROM DEKHA: PEACEBUILDER AND TEACHER ............1 Dekha Ibrahim Abdi: A Life Dedicated To Peace ..................................................1 Ambassador Bethuel Kiplagat The Essence of Self: A Tribute to the Weaver of People – Dekha Ibrahim Abdi .. 11 Richard Smith Some Approaches to Peacebuilding in the Work of Dekha Ibrahim Abdi ..........18 Bridget Walker Transforming the Discourse of Violence and Despair: Opening Windows in the Mind in Palestine and Israel ............................................................................... 39 Marwan Darweish and Joan McGregor with Bridget Walker Policy Matters: The Importance of Policy in Peace Practice ..............................57 Dekha Ibrahim Abdi and Bridget Walker Foreword ...................................................................................................... 58 Introduction .................................................................................................. 60 Peacebuilding: a challenge for policy makers? .............................................60 Why does policy matter to peace makers?...................................................62 Policy – a working definition ........................................................................ 62 What do we mean by practice? .................................................................... 64 Why link practice to policy?.......................................................................... 65 SECTION 1: LEARNING AND CHALLENGES .........................................................67 Practitioners must find the space between the technical and the transformative .............................................................................................. 67 Linking peace practice and policy is distinctive ............................................69 Deep rooted conflict is recurrent and cyclical ..............................................73 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 76 ii SECTION 2: PEACE PRACTICE AND PROCESSES: ISSUES ARISING ...................... 77 What is the Problem? Problem identification, understanding and analysis .. 77 Who is involved? Identification of actors/stakeholders in the conflict ........ 82 Institutional/legal frameworks .................................................................... 96 Approaches to conflict and violence ............................................................ 99 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 101 SECTION 3: WHAT CAN PEACE PRACTITIONERS DO? ...................................... 103 What difference can we make? .................................................................. 103 When do policy makers need practitioners? ............................................. 104 When do practitioners need policy makers? .............................................. 105 Case studies and examples ......................................................................... 106 Framework for assessing peace policy work .............................................. 128 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 131 PART TWO: LEARNING FROM DEKHA TRIBUTES FROM COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDS ...........................................135 Learning from Dekha ........................................................................................ 137 Nuria Abdullahi Abdi Dekha Ibrahim: A rural woman’s model for peace .......................................... 144 Abjata Khalif Presence ........................................................................................................... 147 Simon Fisher & Jane Fisher See the Pain in Each Situation .......................................................................... 154 Scilla Elworthy Peacebuilder, Colleague, Friend ....................................................................... 158 Janice Moomaw Jenner Improvisation and Faith .................................................................................... 163 Sue Williams You taught us how to be fully awake ................................................................ 167 Susan Collin Marks Peace to Hold ................................................................................................... 168 Emma Leslie Final Word: A Genuine Peace Builder .............................................................. 170 Halima A O Shuria References and Resources ...........................................................................174 iii Introduction There is no doubt that Dekha Ibrahim Abdi made an extensive and profound contribution to ending violence and resolving conflicts in many corners of the world. Through her practice Dekha epitomised a well thought out philosophy of peacebuilding and conflict transformation. In part it was influenced by her deep faith in Islam, in part by those she met and worked with, and it was also her own unique way of seeing people and the contexts they live in. This book is a humble attempt to capture her theory and practice - a sort of Dekha Ibrahim Abdi 101 text book if you like! At the time of her passing, Dekha Ibrahim Abdi, was the Chair of the Board of the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies. Like her friends and colleagues everywhere, we deeply grieved her absence. While we have included some tributes here, it is primarily an opportunity to reflect more deeply on a key peace builder in our time. We appreciate so much those who have taken the time to put into writing all that Dekha taught them. This is a second and enlarged edition, which contains new material from Marwan Darweish and Joan McGregor, remembering Dekha’s work in Palestine and Israel, and a reflection on Dekha the woman peacebuilder by her dear South African colleague and friend Richard Smith. Another very special feature of this edition is the editing work done by Dekha’s dear and eldest daughter Kaltuma Noor who interned at CPCS this past summer and currently studies conflict transformation at the Eastern Mennonite University. A powerful testament to Dekha’s belief in inter-generational peacebuilding. iv Books don’t materialise without a commitment to detail and perfection. It is a thankless task, however CPCS extends heartfelt thanks for the voluntary contributions of Patricia DeBoer for meticulous and thoughtful editing, Sophie Ford for endless rounds of proof reading of the first edition and Bridget Walker for leading the work on the second edition. Together with our staff person Inanna Göbel-Bösch, your work has made a second volume possible. Wherever you are on this beautiful planet, we trust that Dekha’s ideas and inspiration enriches and informs your work for peace, Emma Leslie Executive Director Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies v vi THE LIFE AND TEACHING OF DEKHA IBRAHIM ABDI PART ONE LEARNING FROM DEKHA: PEACEBUILDER AND TEACHER DEKHA IBRAHIM ABDI: A LIFE DEDICATED TO PEACE Ambassador Bethuel Kiplagat September 2011 Historical Background of the Division of Somalia Dekha was born in Wajir District in North Eastern Province of Kenya, bordering Somalia. Before Kenya’s independence this region was known as the Northern Frontier District (NFD). The colonial boundary between Kenya and Italian Somaliland had divided the Somali people between the colonies and these are the territories of Djibouti, Italian Somaliland, British Somaliland and Ogaden in Ethiopia. This policy of divide and rule has been the cause of untold suffering to millions of people in this region and the social and political problems it generated have remained unresolved up to now. This was indeed the environment in the early 1960s which Dekha was born into. Her birth coincided with the wind of change sweeping across Africa; the wind of independence. British Somaliland came first, followed immediately by Italian Somaliland and then Kenya. With independence, the Somalis saw an opportunity in the realisation of a dream to bring all the people of Somali origin under one government 1 NO FAILURE IN PEACE WORK and that was why British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland came together to form the Republic of Somalia. Kenya, Djibouti and Ogaden Somali intended to follow suit even if it meant achieving this through war. The newly created Somali Republic did indeed support a rebellion in North Eastern Province with the aim of separating from Kenya to join the Republic of Somalia. War erupted which lasted for five years and left two countries bitter enemies. A similar conflict erupted between Ethiopia and Somalia and remains unresolved fifty years on. Historical Background of Kenya’s Northern Frontier District In Kenya, the Northern Frontier District was indeed a frontier because the whole area was part of the ‘Somalis
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