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CITIZENS in ACTION Making Peace in the Post-Election Crisis in Kenya – 2008

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CITIZENS in ACTION Making Peace in the Post-Election Crisis in Kenya – 2008 CITIZENS IN ACTION Making Peace in the Post-Election Crisis in Kenya – 2008 By George Wachira with Thomas Arendshorst and Simon M. Charles 2 a ic 5 r f y A ea n rs o k i f Peace Wor Citizen’sConcerned Peacemaking Citizens for Peace in National Political-EthnicA Peace Resource Organisation Conflict a CITIZENS IN ACTION Making Peace in the Post-Election Crisis in Kenya – 2008 By George Wachira with Thomas Arendshorst and Simon M. Charles January 2010 NPI-Africa Founded in 1984 as Nairobi Peace Group, Nairobi Peace Initiative-Africa (NPI- Africa) has been involved in a wide range of peacebuilding initiatives in Africa. Its work has involved mediation and dialogue facilitation, training and capacity building, and healing and reconciliation initiatives in countries in East, Central and West Africa. NPI-Africa also undertakes research and documentation, seeks to influence policy in areas relevant to its mission, and promotes reflection and learning from peacebuilding practice. During the 2008 post-election crisis in Kenya, NPI-Africa played a key role in the founding of CCP and provided the institutional framework for purposes of recieving and managing CCP funds. Contact details: NPI-Africa 5th Floor, New Waumini House, Chiromo Road-Waiyaki Way, Westlands, P.O. Box 14894 - 00800, Nairobi-Kenya Tel: +254(20) 4441444/4440098,Fax: +254(20) 4440097 E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.npi-africa.org Global Partnership for The Prevention of Armed Conflict (Gppac) The Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) is a global multi-stakeholder network of organisations committed to act to prevent the escalation of conflict into destructive violence, at national, regional and global levels. This multi-stakeholder network includes civil society organisations, governments, regional organisations and the United Nations. Contact details: GPPAC Global Secretariat Email: [email protected] Website: www.gppac.net © NPI-Africa and George Wachira, January 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any way without full attribution. Cover photo: A CCP meeting at Serena Hotel’s Canna Room Photo by: Ian Douglas Hamilton http://www.douglas-hamilton.com/Site/flower-power/index.html Design and layout by: Noel Creative Media Ltd ISBN: 978-9966-7447-1-1 Contents Foreword by Amb. Bethuel A. Kiplagat iv Preface vi Summary x Introduction xvii The Kenyan Post-Election Violence, 2007-8 1 The Beginnings of the Concerned Citizens for Peace 5 Organization and Initiatives 11 Engagement with the Formal Diplomatic Peace Process 19 The Web of CCP Peacebuilding: Working with Other Strategic Constituencies 29 Grassroots CCP Initiatives 43 Conclusions: Analysis and Learning Points 49 Final Remarks 63 References 65 Foreword by Amb. Bethuel A. Kiplagat1 am so happy that George Wachira has been able to put together the story of the Concerned Citizens for Peace – a spontaneous initiative by Kenyans who came out to save itheir country from self destruction. Violence erupted with the announcements of Presidential elections aggravated by the swearing in of President Kibaki. The violence and chaos that ensued took the country to the brink of destruction. The leadership in the country, whether political or religious was divided along ethnic lines and paralyzed. The leadership vacuum was palpable and the silence defining. People had lost hope. Without prior planning a core group of five got together at Serena Hotel to deliberate on what to do with the ever worsening situation the country was facing. First was to stop the violence and death of innocent Kenyans. The core group of concerned citizen had no force, no organization and no money, but they discovered that they had other resources in abundance than these – they had commitment, hope and conviction that the problem the country was facing was their problem and therefore had an obligation to make their humble contribution to save the nation. They were surprised and overwhelmed when they made an appeal informing Kenyans of the daily meetings at Serena hotel on the situation of the country. The turnout was impressive. People from all walks of life turned up – the young and the old, the professors and the businessmen representing the Kenyan ethnic and racial mosaic. The meetings came out with ideas which were implemented. 1 Amb. Kiplagat is currently the Chairman of Kenya’s Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC). He was a co-founder and key member of CCP. iv Citizen’s Peacemaking in National Political-Ethnic Conflict It is amazing that no one complained or asked for money or food. If anything, those who came sacrificed their time and resources. The spirit in that room was so touching and moving. I have never been through such a wonderful deep spiritual experience. What lessons can we learn from this? First, Kenya and Africa does not lack resources. We have it in abundance – but it depends on what resources one is talking about; material we have, but that is not the kind or type that will take us far. The inexhaustible resources we have are of the spirit – say “yes I can and I will”. Did President Obama learn about this philosophy from Nairobi businessmen who decided to deal with problems facing the city rather than wait for the government. The core group of Concerned Citizens for Peace, must have been guided by the principle of “taking ownership of one’s problem” that is a philosophy which I believe is so fundamental for the solution of Africa’s problem. I have even advocated that we should jealously guard our problems and never allow anybody to take them away from us. When a problem is yours, you will make every effort to find a solution, but when it belongs to someone else then it does not receive the attention it deserves. Is this why we are forever dependant especially on the western world to solve our problems. The spirit that prevailed during the crisis should be natured and shared more widely, because that is what will take us far on the road to peace, stability and development. Nairobi, January 2010 Citizen’s Peacemaking in National Political-Ethnic Conflict v Preface he writing of ‘the CCP Story’ has been underway for more than a year competing with other priorities. tThe Concerned Citizens for Peace (CCP) was born of necessity: various individuals from different backgrounds came together to respond to the violence that was engulfing Kenya following the dispute over the December 2007 presidential vote. As the immediate crisis receded, the majority of these people returned to their everyday work and responsibilities. During the crisis, the work of CCP captured much local and international attention, thus creating an interest for the story to be shared in some form. The CCP story is a story of collaborative initiative which must be told and understood from many angles and perspectives. In preliminary fashion, this document recounts the launch and the subsequent activities undertaken by the CCP in response to Kenya’s post- election upheaval in early 2008. Presented here in story form, it is to be considered, firstly, a ‘work in progress’ and, secondly, an ‘invitation’ to participants in and observers of the CCP process to submit additional stories, impressions, activities, and analysis as part of an open-ended chronicle of Kenya’s 2008 post election crisis experience. As a co-founder and member of the CCP Core Team, I am privileged to be identified with the CCP story. I acknowledge from the outset that it has been particularly challenging to serve both as author and informant in a story with which I was intimately involved. For this reason, it has been helpful vi Citizen’s Peacemaking in National Political-Ethnic Conflict to work collaboratively with co-authors Simon Charles2 and Tom Arendshorst3. The beginnings of this document can be traced to in-depth interviews with more than twenty key CCP participants. These interviews were conducted between March and June of 2009 by Mr. Simon Charles, an intern at the time with NPI- Africa. On the basis of the interview data and other relevant documentation, Simon and I then produced a massive and quite detailed draft document before Simon completed his internship with NPI-Africa. The draft clearly needed more work to make it ‘readable’. It remained in its initial form, however, until December 2009 when I had the opportunity to resume work on it. By that time, interest in the story had grown very considerably, particularly in international civil society peacebuilding circles. During this second phase, I teamed up with Tom Arendshorst to produce a shorter version of the initial draft. Tom’s additional interviews with me yielded information to fill some of the obvious gaps in the story. This document narrates a story, rather than offering a detailed analysis of the respective elements. Near the end of the document, there is a preliminary distillation of lessons 2 Simon Charles is a law student at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. He spent seven months as an intern at NPI-Africa in 2008 and 2009, part of which coincided with the first anniversary of the Kenya Post-Election Crisis and the National peace and Reconciliation Accord. During this period, he was involved in some of the CCP activities, including interviewing CCP members. 3 An ophthalmologist by training, Thomas Arendshorst earned his M.A. in International Peace Studies at the Kroc Institute, University of Notre Dame, in 2006. In 2005, he served as a research and documentation associate at NPI-Africa. He lives in Michigan, in the United States, where he is a justice and peace advocate, and writer. Citizen’s Peacemaking in National Political-Ethnic Conflict vii learnt. In later documentation, specific elements of the story such as the respective roles of the media, the Concerned Kenyan Writers, Concerned Youth for Peace, the initiative with church leaders in the Rift valley, and the private sector, among others, will hopefully be analysed in greater detail.
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