PRACTICAL ROADMAP

Cartilage and Bone T Tshabalala Hyaline cartilage

Slide 32 This slide consists of two organs, the trachea and the oesophagus. The oesophagus has a folded lumen, while the trachea is identified by the basophilically stained c-shaped ring of cartilage P IM F

F Cb IM

IM

A photomicrograph showing the structure of hyaline cartilage. Note the fibrous perichondrium (P) on the periphery containing chondroblasts (Cb) and friboblast-like cells (F). IM-Interterritorial matrix P

IM

A photomicrograph showing the general features of hyaline cartilage. Note the peripheral perichondrium (P) and the chondrocytes are arranged in isogenous groups (encircled). IM-Interterritorial matrix Cb

C

TM

A photomicrograph showing the structure of hyaline cartilage. Cb- Chondroblast, C-Nucleus of a chondrocyte, TM-Territorial matrix IM

TM

IM

IM-Interterritorial matrix, TM-Territorial matrix, Isogenous group (encircled). Fibrocartilage

Slide 79 C

A photomicrograph showing the structure of fibrocartilage. Note that the chondrocytes are dispersed among the collagen fibers (C). The chondrocytes may be found isolated or arranged in rows. C

GS GS

A photomicrograph showing the structure of fibrocartilage. The chondrocytes are housed in lacunae and arranged in rows (encircled). GS-Ground substance space, C- Collagen fibres Elastic cartilage

Slide 51 P

Cb

A photomicrograph showing the structure of elastic cartilage. Cb-Chondroblast, C-Nucleus of a chondrocyte. Note the presence of elastic fibres in the matrix. P- Perichondrium C

Elastic fibres

A photomicrograph showing the structure of elastic cartilage. C-Chondrocyte in lacuna. Cancellous bone

Slide 67 This slide is a section through the nasal cavities and air sinuses. Look for an eosinophilically stained trabecula (spicule) of spongy bone in this section. Nasal cavity

Mucosa

Bone

A photomicrograph showing a section through the nasal septum. Bone Mucosa

A photomicrograph showing a section through the nasal septum. BV Bone

A photomicrograph showing a section through the nasal septum. Note the many blood vessels (BV) in the connective tissue below the epithelium. Os

End

Os

Os-Nucleus of osteocyte, End-Endosteal lining Bone marrow cavity

Endosteum

A photomicrograph showing the structure of a spongy/cancellous bone. Encircled note the osteocytes in lacunae. Marrow cavity Lamella Endosteum

A photomicrograph showing the structure of a spongy/cancellous bone. Endosteum Periosteum

Bone marrow cavity

A photomicrograph showing the structure of a spongy/cancellous bone. Compact bone

Slide 1 and 3 P

Bone Matrix

E

A photomicrograph showing the general structure of compact bone. P-Periosteum, E-Endosteum A photomicrograph showing the structure of compact bone. Note the many roughly rounded osteons making up the bone matrix. IL

Os

HC

Canaliculi

Endosteum

A photomicrograph showing the general features of an osteon/Harvesian system. HC-Harvesian canal, IL-Interstitial lamella, Os-Osteocytes in lacunae Osteocytes in lacunae showing canaliculi, creating an spider-like appearance (arrows) VC

Note the Volkmann’s canal (VC) joining the two Harvesian systems IL

Os

HC

Os

A photomicrograph showing the general features of an osteon/Harvesian system. HC-Harvesian canal, IL-Interstitial lamella, Os-Osteocytes in lacunae Bone matrix

Sharpey’s fibers

A photomicrograph showing the general features of compact bone. Note the many Harvesian systems and the presence of Sharpey’s fibres attaching bone to the periosteum. Sharpey’s fibres

Volkman’s canal

Harvesian canal

A photomicrograph showing the general features of compact bone. Note the many Harvesian systems and the presence of Sharpey’s fibres attaching bone to the periosteum.