Deutsche Bankiers Des 20. Jahrhunderts

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Deutsche Bankiers Des 20. Jahrhunderts Deutsche Bankiers des 20. Jahrhunderts Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats des Instituts für bankhistorische Forschung e. V. von Hans Pohl Bearbeitet von Institut für bankhistorische Forschung e.V., Hans Pohl, Thorsten Beckers 1. Auflage 2008. Buch. XII, 488 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 515 08954 8 Gewicht: 972 g Wirtschaft > Wirtschaftswissenschaften: Allgemeines > Unternehmensgeschichte, Einzelne Branchen und Unternehmer schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Inhalt Hans Pohl Vorwort . .IX Lothar Gall Hermann Josef Abs [1901 – 1994] . .1 Dieter Lindenlaub Karl Blessing [1900 – 1971] . .13 Thorsten Wehber Fritz Butschkau [1901 – 1971] . .35 Axel Lebahn F . Wilhelm Christians [1922 – 2004] . .53 Vera Ziegeldorf Hanns Deuß [1901 – 1976] . .63 Regine Kreitz Georg Draheim [1903 – 1972] . .79 Barbara Hillen Johann Christian Eberle [1869 – 1937] . .97 Wilhelm Winterstein Wilhelm von Finck [1848 – 1924] . .111 Morten Reitmayer Carl Fürstenberg [1850 – 1933] . .125 [ VI ] Deutsche Bankiers des 20 . Jahrhunderts Johannes Bähr Carl Friedrich Goetz [1885 – 1965] . .141 Michael Jurk Jakob Goldschmidt [1882 – 1955] . .153 Harald Wixforth Arthur von Gwinner [1856 – 1931] . .165 Andreas Hansert Otto Hauck [1863 – 1934] . .181 Harald Wixforth Karl Helfferich [1872 – 1924] . 195 Dieter Balkhausen Alfred Herrhausen [1930 – 1989] . .211 Thomas Knüwer Iwan David Herstatt [1913 – 1995] . .227 Detlef Krause Paul Lichtenberg [1911 – 1995] . .241 Albert Fischer Hans Luther [1879 – 1962] . .257 Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich Albert von Metzler [1898 – 1989] . .265 Christiane Oppermann Alwin Münchmeyer [1908 – 1990] . .283 Gabriele Teichmann Alfred von Oppenheim [1934 – 2005] . .295 Gabriele Teichmann Robert Pferdmenges [1880 – 1962] . .311 Inhalt [ VII ] Ralf Ahrens / Johannes Bähr Jürgen Ponto [1923 – 1977] . .329 Ralf Ahrens Karl Rasche [1892 – 1951] . .343 Joachim Scholtyseck Hjalmar Schacht [1877 – 1970] . .357 Joachim Scholtyseck Otto Schniewind [1887 – 1970] . .373 Detlef Krause Curt Joseph Sobernheim [1871 – 1940] . .387 Harald Wixforth Emil Georg von Stauß [1877 – 1942] . .403 Dorothea Hauser / Christoph Kreutzmüller Max Warburg [1867 – 1946] . .419 Avraham Barkai Oscar Wassermann [1869 – 1934] . .433 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis . .445 Abkürzungsverzeichnis . .467 Personenverzeichnis . .469 Verzeichnis der Unternehmen, Institutionen und Organisationen . .475 Sachverzeichnis . .483 Autorenverzeichnis . .487 .
Recommended publications
  • Felix Warburg and the Impact of Non-Zionists on the Hebrew University
    FELIX WARBURG AND THE IMPACT OF NON-ZIONISTS ON THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY: 1923-1933 By Jeffrey Lawrence Levin Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Date 2018 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 © COPYRIGHT By Jeffrey Lawrence Levin 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii FELIX WARBURG AND THE IMPACT OF NON-ZIONISTS ON THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY: 1923-1933 BY Jeffrey Lawrence Levin ABSTRACT This dissertation addresses the impact on the founding of the Hebrew University of the group of individuals known as non-Zionists. Using the personage of Felix Warburg as an entrée into the origins of this cohort, it argues that the Hebrew University, like the Yishuv itself, was based on a wide spectrum of adherence to orthodox Zionism. Rather, there were many contributors who felt less strongly inclined towards Zionism than did Chaim Weizmann, and these individuals played a substantive role in shaping the course of the Jewish settlement in Palestine Felix Warburg, a naturalized American citizen born into a wealthy Hamburg banking family, is a perfect example of how support for the Hebrew University, the Jewish Agency, and the Yishuv did not require one to advocate for the future creation of a Jewish nation-state. Prior to his significant involvement with issues in Palestine, the main focus of Warburg’s philanthropy was in alleviating the abhorrent conditions of Jews in the Soviet Union and of those Jews who had recently emigrated to the United States and badly needed assistance in acculturating to New York City society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Passion of Max Von Oppenheim Archaeology and Intrigue in the Middle East from Wilhelm II to Hitler
    To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/163 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Lionel Gossman is M. Taylor Pyne Professor of Romance Languages (Emeritus) at Princeton University. Most of his work has been on seventeenth and eighteenth-century French literature, nineteenth-century European cultural history, and the theory and practice of historiography. His publications include Men and Masks: A Study of Molière; Medievalism and the Ideologies of the Enlightenment: The World and Work of La Curne de Sainte- Palaye; French Society and Culture: Background for 18th Century Literature; Augustin Thierry and Liberal Historiography; The Empire Unpossess’d: An Essay on Gibbon’s “Decline and Fall”; Between History and Literature; Basel in the Age of Burckhardt: A Study in Unseasonable Ideas; The Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck’s “Italia und Germania”; Figuring History; and several edited volumes: The Charles Sanders Peirce Symposium on Semiotics and the Arts; Building a Profession: Autobiographical Perspectives on the Beginnings of Comparative Literature in the United States (with Mihai Spariosu); Geneva-Zurich-Basel: History, Culture, and National Identity, and Begegnungen mit Jacob Burckhardt (with Andreas Cesana). He is also the author of Brownshirt Princess: A Study of the ‘Nazi Conscience’, and the editor and translator of The End and the Beginning: The Book of My Life by Hermynia Zur Mühlen, both published by OBP.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Edition 2004/3
    Historical Association of Deutsche Bank Bank and History Historical Review No. 6 Beginning of November 2004 A marriage of convenience 75 years ago: the big merger of 1929 In 1929, two Berlin banks joined forces that team of the competitor: “I am afraid that be- had pitted their strengths in competition tween Disconto-Gesellschaft and ourselves against one another over several decades. lasting peace and honest agreement are im- Both were leaders in capital markets, and possible. Salomonsohn [...] is insincere and both had excellent contacts to big industry fully unreliable; Solmssen, who I hold to be and international finance. But despite the an upright man, has yet to make a decision; common aspects in the structure of their Schoeller is a show-off, whose primary con- business, there were fundamental differ- cern is all too frequently the canapés, and ences between the two. Peter Brunswig, who cannot forgive us for having so resound- Deputy Member of the Board of Managing ingly surpassed his institution.” Even if a Directors of Deutsche Bank at the time of the quarter of a century later, when a different merger, described them concisely: “Deutsche generation was at the helm, and Gwinner Bank was entirely consumed by the com- was relegated to observing events as a mercial spirit. Every big company has a cer- member of the Supervisory Board, there was tain tendency towards bureaucracy, but at no doubt about it: The merger of the long- Deutsche Bank this tendency was repressed time competitors was a marriage of conven- as much as possible. At Disconto-Gesell- ience, and not of love.
    [Show full text]
  • The Attack on Berlin Department Stores (Warenhaeuser) After 1933 Simone Ladwig-Winters
    The Attack on Berlin Department Stores (Warenhaeuser) After 1933 Simone Ladwig-Winters Georg Wertheim, the head of one of the four largest German department store chains in the 1920s and 1930s, noted in his diary: "1 January 1937 - the store is declared to be "German.”1 This entry marks the forced end to his activities in the business that he and his family had worked hard to build up. 2 Roots In 1875, Georg's parents, Ida and Abraham Wertheim (who sometimes went by the name Adolf), had opened a modest shop selling clothes and manufactured goods in Stralsund, a provincial town on the Baltic Sea. An extensive network of family members ensured a low-priced supply of goods. In 1876, one year after the shop opened, the two eldest sons Hugo and Georg (aged 20 and 19 respectively), went to work in the shop following their apprenticeships in Berlin. Three younger sons later joined them. The business was called "A. Wertheim" after the father, who increasingly withdrew from active management of the business. Guidelines were introduced into the business that had been known outside of Germany for some time but were innovative in German retailing. These included: "low profit margins with high sales and quick inventory turnover; a broad and varied selection of merchandise; fixed prices (price tags on the goods); viewing of merchandise without a personal, psychological obligation to buy; exchanges - even a right In addition to archival material of the Deutsche Bank, available in the Bundesarchiv, Abt. 1 Postdam (in the meantime moved to Berlin-Lichterfelde) for the first time in the wake of reunification, I was able to use the copy of Georg Wertheim's diary in the Archiv Stuerzebecher (cited in the following as: Wertheim, Diary).
    [Show full text]
  • Behrens V. Düsseldorf” * by HENNING KAHMANN and VARDA NAUMANN © 1
    Comment on the Recommendation by the Advisory Commission in the case of “Behrens v. Düsseldorf” * by HENNING KAHMANN and VARDA NAUMANN © 1 In its recommendation of February 3, 2015 2 the Advisory Commission on the return of cultural property seized as a result of Nazi persecution, especially Jewish property ( Beratende Kommission für die Rückgabe NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogener Kulturgüter or Limbach Commission for short) has advised against the restitution of a painting. The work concerned is “Pariser Wochentag” by Adolph von Menzel. The claimant was the community of heirs to the estate of George Eduard Behrens. The respondent, the City of Düsseldorf, opposed the claim arguing that the sale of the painting from the Behrens collection to the municipal art collections (Städtische Kunstsammlungen Düsseldorf) had not been a loss of property as a consequence of Nazi persecution. I. Factual background The factual background to the recommendation was essentially as follows: “Pariser Wochentag” was painted by Adolph von Menzel in 1869 and acquired by Eduard Ludwig Behrens, the owner of L. Behrens & Söhne, a private bank in Hamburg, for his art collection in or before 1886. The painting remained in the family’s ownership until 1935. In March of that year George E. Behrens informed the Hamburger Kunsthalle about the proposed sale of 33 paintings from the Behrens collection which were on loan to the Kunsthalle. That same year, Hans-Wilhelm Hupp 3, the director of Düsselsdorf’s municipal art collections since 1933, was attempting to acquire a “major work by Menzel”. In July 1935 Menzel’s painting “Pariser Wochentag” came into the possession of the Galerie Paffrath, the same gallery which earlier that year Hupp had commissioned to look for a work by Menzel.
    [Show full text]
  • Georg Solmssen – Ein Deutscher Bankier: Briefe Aus Einem Halben Jahrhundert 1900–1956
    Harold James, Martin L. Müller. Georg Solmssen – ein deutscher Bankier: Briefe aus einem halben Jahrhundert 1900–1956. München: C.H. Beck Verlag, 2012. 645 S. ISBN 978-3-406-62795-8. Reviewed by Martin Münzel Published on H-Soz-u-Kult (September, 2012) Verschiedene historische Veröffentlichungen Bankiersdynastie an – sowohl sein Vater Adolph der letzten Jahre etwa zu Friedrich Flick, Paul Sil‐ als auch sein Cousin Arthur Salomonsohn waren verberg oder Hans Matthöfer zeigen, dass wissen‐ Geschäftsinhaber der Disconto-Gesellschaft – und schaftlich anspruchsvolle biografische Monografi‐ trat nach Jurastudium und Promotion 1900 eben‐ en zu deutschen Unternehmern nicht mehr mit falls in die Disconto-Gesellschaft ein. Vier Jahre der Lupe zu suchen sind. Dies gilt auch für Reprä‐ darauf zum Direktor ernannt und 1911 zum Ge‐ sentanten großer Bankhäuser und nicht zuletzt schäftsinhaber berufen, wurde Solmssen auf dem des führenden Unternehmens unter ihnen, der Höhepunkt seiner Karriere nach der Fusion des Deutschen Bank. Nachdem Lothar Gall 2004 eine Unternehmens mit der Deutschen Bank 1929 Vor‐ Untersuchung zum „man for all seasons“ Her‐ standsmitglied des neuen Branchengiganten Deut‐ mann Josef Abs vorgelegt hat und Avraham Bar‐ sche Bank und Disconto-Gesellschaft (DD-Bank) kai 2005 in einer Darstellung Leben und Wirken und fungierte schließlich 1933/34 als deren Spre‐ des bis 1933 als Vorstandsmitglied agierenden Os‐ cher. Hinzu kamen seine Position als Vorsitzender car Wassermann würdigte Lothar Gall, Der Banki‐ des Centralverbands des Deutschen Bank- und er Hermann Josef Abs. Eine Biographie, München Bankiergewerbes (1930–1933) sowie seine Manda‐ 2004; Avraham Barkai, Oscar Wassermann und te in den Aufsichtsräten zahlreicher Großunter‐ die Deutsche Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Oscar Wassermann Und Die Deutsche Bank: Bankier in Schwierigen Zeiten'
    H-German Spoerer on Barkai, 'Oscar Wassermann und die Deutsche Bank: Bankier in schwierigen Zeiten' Review published on Friday, July 1, 2005 Avraham Barkai. Oscar Wassermann und die Deutsche Bank: Bankier in schwierigen Zeiten. München: C.H. Beck Verlag, 2005. 180 S. + 45 Abb. EUR 22.90 (cloth), ISBN 978-3-406-52958-0. Reviewed by Mark Spoerer (University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart)Published on H-German (July, 2005) Throughout the twentieth century, Deutsche Bank was the leading German commercial bank and, at the time of this writing, it still is. In 1995 it set precedent by publishing a comprehensive study of its history written by eminent scholars of the historical profession who did not ignore or whitewash the years 1933 to 1945. Encouraged by the largely positive public response to the Deutsche Bank volume, many large German firms followed and had their history in the National Socialist era researched and published by academic historians rather than journalists. Ten years later, our knowledge on the complex relations between German firms and the Nazi regime has improved extraordinarily. Meanwhile the team of historians working for Deutsche Bank has continued to publish studies that deal with special aspects of the company history. Avraham Barkai has now submitted a concise study on Oscar Wassermann (1869-1934), who headed Deutsche Bank's managing board asprimus inter pares, in a position comparable to that of a CEO, from 1923 to 1933. Barkai, born in Berlin but living in Israel, has published numerous important and influential studies both on Nazi economic history as well as on the history of German Jewry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nazi Dictatorship and the Deutsche Bank
    P1: JPJ-JYD/JLP P2: KOD 0521838746FM CB711-James-v3 June 29, 2004 14:58 The Nazi Dictatorship and the Deutsche Bank Harold James Princeton University iii P1: JPJ-JYD/JLP P2: KOD 0521838746FM CB711-James-v3 June 29, 2004 14:58 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Harold James 2004 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2004 Printed in the United States of America Typefaces Sabon 11/14 pt. and itc Stone Serif Semi Bold System LATEX 2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data James, Harold, 1956– The Nazi dictatorship and the Deutsche Bank / Harold James. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-521-83874-6 1. Deutsche Bank – History. 2. National socialism – Economic aspects. 3. Germany – Economic policy – 1933–1945. I. Title. hg3058.d4j363 2004 332.12094309043 – dc22 2003069687 isbn 0 521 83874 6 hardback iv P1: JPJ-JYD/JLP P2: KOD 0521838746FM
    [Show full text]
  • The Nazi Dictatorship and the Deutsche Bank Harold James Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83874-0 — The Nazi Dictatorship and the Deutsche Bank Harold James Frontmatter More Information P1: JPJ-JYD/JLP P2: KOD 0521838746FM CB711-James-v3 June 29, 2004 14:58 The Nazi Dictatorship and the Deutsche Bank This book examines the role of Deutsche Bank, Germany’s largest commercial bank, in the Nazi dictatorship and asks how the bank changed and accommo- dated during a transition from democracy and a market economy to dictator- ship and a planned economy. How did the new Zeitgeist influence the bank? What opportunities for profit did the bank see in the National Socialist route out of the Great Depression? What role did anti-Semitism play in its business relations and its dealing with employees? The book sets out the background of the world Depression and the German banking crisis of 1931 and looks at the restructuring of German banking. It offers new material on the bank’s expansion in central and eastern Europe and summarizes recent research on the bank’s controversial role in gold transactions and in the financing of the construction of Auschwitz. The book also examines the role played by partic- ular personalities in the bank’s development, notably Emil Georg von Stauss and Hermann Abs. Harold James is Professor of History at Princeton University and chairman of the editorial board of World Politics. He is the author of several books on German economy and society, including The Deutsche Bank and the Nazi Economic War Against the Jews (Cambridge 2001). i © in this web service Cambridge University
    [Show full text]
  • Bank and History Historical Review
    Historical Association of Deutsche Bank Bank and History Historical Review No. 7 February 2005 What remained of the old bank Deutsche Bank was deleted from the Com- individual items. It rented 14,500 steel safe- pany Register of Berlin on July 21, 1983, deposit boxes and held custody of 8,000 after it had been prohibited from transacting sealed deposits. Certain assets had to be any banking business since the end of the reported to the authorities; Nazi assets had Second World War. Today’s Deutsche Bank to be blocked. Inquiries from former clients AG was founded in 1957, and although it is were processed using the large archive the economic successor of its predecessor which, despite all of the destruction in the institution, strictly speaking from a legal per- war, still existed. spective, it is not the identical company. In 1950, the Allied Kommandatura reconfirm- In 1945, Deutsche Bank’s 75th year of exis- ed that banks that had existed before the oc- tence, there really was no reason to cele- cupation could not be reopened, nor could brate. Germany’s political and military col- their styles or similar names be used. The lapse was imminent. The bank’s head office “temporary” suspension of banking activities was cut off from its branches. After the con- had become a permanent prohibition. quering of Berlin, banks were closed com- Deutsche Bank thus remained an old Berlin pletely. On April 28, 1945, Bersarin, the bank in abeyance, forced to direct its efforts Military Commandant of the city of Berlin, towards its own dissolution.
    [Show full text]
  • CSR Report 2004
    Social Responsibility Deutsche Bank’s worldwide commitment to culture, education, community development and sustainability 2004 2003 2002 Structural Data Number of countries in which Deutsche Bank operates (including offshore sites) 74 74 76 Key Figures Spending by Deutsche Bank (in ¤ million) Donations 42.82 34.8 50.5 Sponsoring1 24.3 25.6 21.2 Sub-total 67.1 60.4 71.7 thereof: Deutsche Bank Americas Foundation 15.82 10.6 15.7 Deutsche Bank Citizenship UK 3.5 3.4 4.1 Deutsche Bank Asia Foundation 0.9 0.1 – Spending by endowed foundations of Deutsche Bank (in ¤ million) Deutsche Bank Foundation Alfred Herrhausen Helping People to Help Themselves3 2.6 4.0 4.0 Cultural Foundation of Deutsche Bank3 2.0 2.3 3.6 Other foundations 1.2 0.7 0.7 Sub-total 5.8 7.0 8.3 Total 72.9 67.4 80.0 1 Only sponsoring for culture and society 2 ¤ 4.3 million of which through the sale of an investment of the Community Development Group 3 Merged to become the Deutsche Bank Foundation on January 1, 2005 1 Global Responsibility – Global Solidarity A letter to our readers Whenever globalization is debated, the primary focus is usually on inter- national competition and the resulting pressures to conform to its dictates. However, the tsunami in Asia, an event that overshadowed all others in 2004, has shown that globalization means more than doing business across international borders and cooperating in the political decision-making process. In the wake of the tsunami, humanity shared a new and very different experience — an outburst of solidarity with the victims that genuinely ignored all political boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Deutsche Bank 1870–2020
    Deutsche Bank 1870–2020 Die ersten Geschäftsräume der Deutschen Bank in der Französischen Straße 21 in Berlin (Gebäude links) Deutsche Bank‘s first premises at Französische Strasse 21 in Berlin (building on the left) 1870 Das Gründungsstatut der Deutschen Bank wird Deutsche Bank‘s Articles of Association are am 10. März in Berlin durch „Allerhöchsten authorized in Berlin on March 10 by “Royal Erlass Sr. Majestät des Königs von Preussen“ Decree of His Majesty the King of Prussia”. genehmigt. Zweck der Neugründung ist „der The purpose of the bank‘s foundation is “the Betrieb von Bankgeschäften aller Art, ins transaction of banking business of all kinds, Besondere Förderung und Erleichterung der in particular the promotion and easing of trade Handelsbeziehungen zwischen Deutschland, relations between Germany, the other Euro­ den übrigen Europäischen Ländern und über­ pean countries and overseas markets”. seeischen Märkten“. Von Beginn ihrer Tätigkeit Deutsche Bank is an international institution an ist die Deutsche Bank ein international right from the outset. operierendes Institut. The initiators of its foundation are the private Initiatoren der Gründung sind der Privatbankier banker Adelbert Delbrück and the politician Adelbert Delbrück und der Politiker und Wäh­ and monetary expert Ludwig Bamberger. The rungsfachmann Ludwig Bamberger. Die Gründer, founders, who include leading German private unter denen sich führende deutsche Privat­ bankers, provide the 5 million talers (15 million bankiers befinden, stellen die 5 Millionen Taler marks) of capital, 2 million talers being offered (15 Millionen Mark) des Grundkapitals bereit. to the public at par and are oversubscribed 2 Millionen Taler werden dem Publikum zum almost 150 times.
    [Show full text]