The Most Beautiful Bays in the World ＆ Toyama

Japan Oceanographic Studies Series

The Most Beautiful Bays in the World ＆

Toyama Bay

The Beautiful Toyama Bay Club Koichi Takakuwa

CONTENTS Introduction ...... 1 １．The Most Beautiful Bays in the World ...... 3 （1）History of establishment ...... 3 （2）Activity Philosophy ...... 4 （3）Admission Criteria ...... 5 （4）Officer (as of October 2019) ...... 6 （5）Headquarters ...... 7 （6）Member bay ...... 7 （7）World General Assembly ...... 27 ２．Toyama Bay ...... 29 （1）History of membership ...... 29 （2）Evaluation of membership standards...... 29 （3）The charms of Toyama Bay ...... 40 （4）Initiatives after joining ...... 46 ３．World General Assembly in Toyama ...... 49 （1）General meeting ...... 49 （2）Tour Visit and Exchange meeting ...... 50 （3）Toyama Bay 5th anniversary event ...... 51 （4）World Cafe and "Toyama Declaration" ...... 51 （5）Excursion ...... 53 （6）Subject and Expectations ...... 54 Citations and references ...... 55

Introduction As you enter Toyama Bay from the Sea of Japan, you will be overwhelmed by the godliness of the Tateyama Mountain Range, which is a series of 3000m-class mountains. Seasonal winds from the continent in winter hit the mountains and accumulate snow, forming rich groundwater and forming the rich Toyama Plain and Toyama Bay. Recognizing the splendor of Toyama Bay, in 2014 we joined the “The Most Beautiful Bays in the World”. We are proud of the charm of Toyama Bay, recognized around the world, and we need to further enhance our brand value so that many tourists can visit. On the other hand, there are many challenges in the sea. One is the departure of Japanese youth from the sea. The number of children playing in the sea is decreasing year by year, and the number of children who are attached to the sea is less than 30%. The next issue is environmental issues. Nearly 600,000 tons of trash flows every year on the Japanese coastline, but the plastic waste that does not rot is getting smaller and eaten by birds and fish, causing serious damage. Changes in fish due to rising seawater temperatures have also had a major impact. In order to pass on the beautiful ocean to the next generation, it is necessary to learn about tourism and educational cases from the world's finest bays, and to solve problems by working together globally on environmental measures.

Let me introduce the world's beautiful bays and Toyama Bay.

The Most Beautiful Bays in the World

(MBBW)

１．The Most Beautiful Bays in the World （1）History of establishment In 1996, Michel Met, Hervé Laigo, and Bruno Bodard from the Tourism Bureau of the City of Vannes were recommended by Jean Mancourt for a sister tie between beautiful Morbihan and Ha Long Bays. Because they know there are other beautiful bays, they decided to create an international network, not just an alliance of two bays. Vannes City Tourism Board agreed with this idea, created a list of beautiful bays, issued a letter, and held a preparatory meeting in London in December 1996. On March 10, 1997, the founding general meeting was held in Berlin and established with 28 bays, it was approved as a non- profit organization under French law, the first committee was established, and Michelle Met became the first president.

（2）Activity Philosophy Respect the lifestyles and traditions of people living in the area while ensuring both the responsibility to preserve the nature and uniqueness of the bay and economic development ➢ In addition to preserving the natural environment and landscape of the bay, it will contribute to the promotion of tourism and the revitalization of the local economy by utilizing it as a tourism resource. Promote exchange of expertise and experience in bay conservation and tourism promotion with international and

Speech at "La chance Restaurant' 2019 in TOYAMA Oui, nous sommes chanceux de vivre face à une baie. Mais nous sommes aussi conscient des devoirs que cela nous impose pour respecter, protéger et valoriser cet environnement unique ou la mer vient se lover dans la terre, lieu de protection, d'échange et de fécondité. C'est pourquoi, je suis fier de l'organisation les plus belles baies du Monde, car notre rôle de sentinelle de la mer et de l'environnement est plus important que jamais. Si notre littoral est atteint et affecté, c'est le monde entier qui le sera. Notre mission est donc de s'entraider pour veiller à ce que cet espace si important aujourd'hui le soit encore dans le futur. Bruno Bodard Co-Fondateur Les plus belles Baies du Monde

（3）Admission Criteria To be a bay the bay must ⚫ Open onto a shoreline with the concave nature ⚫ Be the object of protective measures ⚫ Present an interesting flora or fauna ⚫ Present outstanding and attractive natural habitats ⚫ Be nationally recognised ⚫ Be emblematic to the local population ⚫ There should be a potential for economic developments ⚫ The wish to represent the bay and adhere to the values and the actions of the ONG must be clearly shown And each bay must meet two or more of the UNESCO world heritage registration standards. UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List Registration Standard ① Masterpieces created by humans ② Influence on the development of architecture and science ③ Tradition of cultural tradition and civilization ④ Representative historical buildings and landscapes ⑤ Traditional residence, land use form ⑥ Amazing events, traditions, faith UNESCO World Natural Heritage Registration Standard ⑦ Superlative natural phenomenon, natural beauty ⑧ Representative of the stage of Earth history ⑨ Sample evolution and development of animals and plants ⑩ Habitat of a variety of creatures

（4）Officer (as of October 2019) President Michel Bujold, Chaleur Bay, Canada

Future President Louis Thebault, Mont Saint Michel Bay

Past President Maria das Dores Meira Setubal Bay Portugal Europ Vice President David Robo Gulf of Morbian America 〃 Enrique Litman Praia do Rosa. Brazil Africa 〃 Omar Achy Bay of Agadir, MOrocco

Asia Vice 〃 Pham Dinh Huynh Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

General Secretary Galip Gur, Bodrum Bay, Turkey Assistant〃 Luis Filipe Goulart Bay of Horta, Portugal Treasurer Guy Rousset Tadoussac Bay, Canada Assistant〃 Glolia Heeja Yoon Bay of Yeosu, Korea

Executive Director Bruno Bodard Gulf of Morbihan, France

at Toyama Oct 2019 from left Glolia,Sherif (2020Assembly),po-lly,Chemuno,Guy,Bruno Ishii,Bujold,Misshel,Maria,Louis,Galip,Pham,Louis

（5）Headquarters There is "the most beautiful bay in the world house " in Vannes, France.

Headquarters appearance Inside of headquarters

Donations from member bays Visit at 2018

（6）Member bay As of 2019, 44 bays from 1 region in 24 countries are participating. There are 8 bays from France, 5 bays in Japan, 3 bays in Morocco and Vietnam, 2 bays in Spain, Portugal, Canada and Brazil, and 1 bay in the other countries. Since there are no members from the US, Russia, Australia, etc., the future global expansion is an issue. We will introduce member bays by region.

Europe

Gulf of Morbihan-Bay of Quiberon（France）1997

Morbihan Bay, in the city of Vannes, where the Most Beautiful Bays in the World club headquarters is located, is dotted with many islands. At low tide, a wide tidal flat spreads out and hundreds of thousands of migratory birds come in, attracting many tourists.

Mont Saint-Michel Bay（France）1997 Mont Saint-Michel Island, which continues to land at low tide due to a tide level difference of more than 10m, is registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Ramsar Convention. The magnificent Benedictine Abbey church was built and is famous for its fluffy omelets.

Bay of the Somme（France） 1998 The mouth of the Somme River, which has a 72 km coastline facing the English Channel, is composed of sand dunes and wetlands, is a nature reserve that is a member of the Ramsar Convention and is visited by 10 million tourists every year.

Bay of La Baule（France） 2012 Thousands of pine trees were planted in the 19th century to stabilize the 9km sandy beach. Famous for its high-quality bathing water, it has four thalassotherapy (sea water spas), a marina with a capacity of 2000 ships and many villas.

La Ciotat Bay（France） 2019 La Ciotat Bay, about 30 km east of Marseille, on the east side of Cassis, is said to be the birthplace of the movie and has a magnificent Beck de L'Alegre rock.

Girolata & Porto Gulf（France） 1997 Located on the west coast of the Mediterranean island of Corsica, the rock formations and the cobalt blue sea are surprisingly beautiful and registered as a World Natural Heritage site. There are also many native animals and plants such as sea eagle and marine life.

Santander Bay（Spain） 1997 At the mouth of the bay is the Magdalena Peninsula, where you can find the Magdalena Palace, the villa of the Spanish royal family. More than 50% of the wetland has been reclaimed by development, but work is being done to restore the seaside ecosystem.

Bay of Roses（Spain） 2012 The Gulf of Roses facing the Mediterranean Sea a few kilometers south of the French border is known as a luxury resort, and there are towns such as Ampria Brava, also called “ Spain Venice ''.

Setubal Bay（Portugal） 2002 Setubal is Portugal's fourth largest city, sandwiched between the beautiful Arabida Natural Park and the Estuario do Sado Nature Reserve. There are deltas protected from the open ocean on the coast, and there are bottlenose dolphins that enjoy playing in the bay, so the locals call it “Dolphin Bay”.

Bay of Horta（Portugal） 2012 Horta Bay on Faial Island in the Azores, 1000 km west of the mainland of Portugal, was once a port of whaling, but now it is a retreat for many yachts.

Boka Kotorska Bay（Montenegro） 2000 The winding bay facing the Adriatic Sea is the river valley where the former Bokerj River was eroded by the sea. Kotor's natural and cultural history is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sopot Falls, Sukurda Fountain, and Mediterranean plants are also beautiful.

Grikos Bay- Patmos（Greece） 2011 Greece's small island Patmos is in the Aegean Sea. Monasteries are registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Race-like beaches and blue waters, many islands are very beautiful.

Bodrum Bay（Turkey） 1997 Located on the Aegean coast in southwestern Turkey, has been a trade center for thousands of years. It is a fortress built by the Crusader Knights of St. John, a beautiful coastline centered on Bodrum Castle, and a resort area with a yacht harbor.

Middle East, Africa

Agadir Bay (Morocco) 2001 The town was built by a Portuguese and a fortress was built and became a trading hub. You can swim all year round on the beach that lasts 10 kilometers. Destroyed by the 1960 earthquake, it was completely rebuilt.

Al Hoceima Bay (Morocco) 2014 So beautiful that it is called the pearl of the Mediterranean Sea. It became more beautiful by the program called "Mediterranean Lighthouse".

Dakhla Bay (Morocco) 2019 Oyster farming is a traditional industry. Dkhla bay because of the wind and its shallow depth is the world capital of Kite Surf.

Eilat Bay (Israel) 2018 Located north of the Red Sea, west of the Arabian Peninsula, and east of the Sinai Peninsula, the coastline is rich in coral and marine biodiversity, making it one of the world's leading diving spots.

Pemba Bay (Mozambique) 2009 A city built by Portugal. Blessed with a good natural harbor, the coral reef is nearby and it is known as a spot for marine sports and diving. There are traditional silverware.

Diego Slairs Bay (Madagascar) 1997

The Bay has the shape of a 4 leaves clover. Probably one of the most Beautiful site of Indian Ocean.

Mindelo Bay (Republic of Cape Verde) 2001 A bay made of a volcanic eruption on San Vicente Island in the Cape Verde Islands, about 400 km west of West Africa. It was used as a port of call when crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

Siné Saloum Bay (Senegal) 2005

150 km south of Dakar, is a vast river marine nature reserve surrounded by mangroves and forests. It is a habitat for whales, manatees and turtles, and is designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

Luanda Bay (Angola) 2018

Luanda Bay is a modern and wonderful bay. One of the most spectacular in Africa. Mainly working for petrol the Governement decides to open the country for tourism because of the beauty of the landsape and wild nature

AMERICA

Tadoussac Bay (Canada) 1998 There are many marine mammals such as whales in Tadousaac Bay at the point where the Sagun Fjord joins the St. Lawrence River.

Chaleur Bay (Canada) 2004 Part of St. Lawrence Bay. A variety of marine life such as lobster and scallops inhabit, and the untouched river is a treasure trove of Atlantic salmon. Before the storm, you can see an arc of light called Chaleur Phantom. It is designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

Banderas Bay Puerto Vallarta (Mexico) 1997 Banderas Bay Puerto Vallarta is warm, with many humpback whales producing offspring. The Marietas Islands, 10 km from the coast, is a kingdom of seabirds such as frigate birds and pelicans, and is home to a wide variety of animals such as iguanas.

Praia Rosa Bay (Brazil) 2003 The beach and mountains are in harmony and many surfers and other tourists visit. There are two lakes by the sea and it is great for kids to play.

All Saints Bay (Brazil) 1997 Named after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci visited "All Saints Day". The Barra Lighthouse stands on the historic fort at the entrance to the bay.

Cartagena de Indias Bay (Colombia) 2009 Cartagena Bay, also known as Todos Os Santos Bay, served as a trading hub for Spain. Harbors, fortresses and monuments are recognized as World Heritage Sites.

Samana & Rincon Bays (Dominican Republic) 2010 Protected as a place for nests of pelicans and frigate birds, it is a bay where humpback whales raise children. The adjacent Los Haiti National Park is a limestone karst plateau with mangroves and caves.

Sainte Bay, Guadeloupe (Overseas France) 1998

The Gulf of Guadeloupe, on the saint's island of Santo, is rich in white sand and coconut palm. A volcanic archipelago surrounded by shallow coral reefs, created by faults and volcanic earthquakes. It is designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

Fort-de-France Bay (France overseas) 2012

As the main city of Martinique in the Caribbean, sugar, rum, fruit and cocoa are exported.

ASIA

Puerto Galera Bay (Philippines) 2005 Located in the northern part of Mindelo Island, the center of the volcanic archipelago. Designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, we are committed to tourism development while protecting the landscape and tradition.

Pujada Bay (Philippines) will join at 2020

Southeast of Mindanao. Will be visited in 2020.

Cambodian Bay (Cambodia) 2011 The 440 km coastline has a huge natural resources such as mangroves, coral reefs, seaweeds, and fisheries, and is covered with mixed environments such as forests, rivers, and the sea.

Ha Long Bay (Vietnam) 1997 There are about 2000 limestone islets and it is registered as a World Heritage Site. A karst formed over 20 million years in a tropical humid climate, with many endemic plants and animals.

Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam) 2003 A coastal resort city in southern Vietnam, known for its beaches, diving and offshore islands. The beach is typically curved and stretches by boat to Honmun Island and Hon Tam Island, where the coral reefs spread.

Lang Co-Hue Bay (Vietnam) 2007 Located at the foot of Hai Van Pass, it is blessed with many marine life such as corals, mollusks, fish, shellfish, and turtles.

Lanha Bay (Vietnam) will join at 2020

In the bay on the eastern side of Cat Ba Island, which is the largest in Ha Long Bay, 400 islets made of limestone are floating.

Qingdao Bay (China) 2007

Yacht competitions are held at the 2008 Beijing Olympics as an international coastal resort city in the center of China's marine industry. Since 2016, the Far East Cup international yacht race with Russia Vladivostok and Toyama Japan has been held.

Yeosu Bay (Korea) 2010

As the name of beautiful water, it is blessed with 365 small and medium-sized islands that spread like jewels. Nature and industry coexist in harmony, and in 2012 the Yeosu International Exposition was held.

Penghu Bay (Taiwan) 2014 The archipelago consists of 90 islands and is endowed with abundant marine life such as green turtles, and has a 400-year history of houses using coral blocks.

Matsushima Bay (Japan, Miyagi) 2013 The scenery of 260 islands covered with pine is designated as one of the three most beautiful views of Japan, and many tourists visit. Famous for the remains of Kannon-tei and Zuigen-Temple, which were left from 400 years ago, and oyster farming.

Toyama Bay (Toyama, Japan) 2014 The world's rare scenery overlooking the 3000m-class Tateyama mountain range over the sea, and various seafood such as yellowtail, firefly squid and white shrimp are attractive. There are cycling courses and cycle cafes on the coast.

Suruga Bay (Japan, Shizuoka) 2016 The bay reaches a depth of 2500m, the difference in elevation from Mt. Fuji at an altitude of 3776 m is more than 6000 m. The relationship between Mt. Fuji and Suruga Bay brings great benefits to people's lives as a source of industry, culture and history.

Miyazu & Ine Bay (Kyoto, Japan) 2016 Miyazu Bay with a view of Japan's three most beautiful views, Amanohashidate, and Ine Bay, famous for Funaya. A bay that has been known as a sacred place for worship since ancient times and has a cultural landscape as the gateway to the sea in Kyoto.

Kujukushima Bay (Japan, Nagasaki) 2018 Located on the westernmost part of mainland Japan, this is a scenic spot that represents Nagasaki where the archipelago of the long Rias coast is beautiful. Rich nature is left while being about 10 minutes away from the city.

（7）World General Assembly

Oct 1997 Constitutive General assembly Berlin Germany

May 2001 Somme, Morbihan, Mont Saint Michel France June2003 Tadoussac Bay Canada Nov 2004 Agadir Bay Morocco Oct 2005 Bodrum Bay Turkey Oct 2006 UNESCO Paris France Oct 2007 Praia de Rosa Bay Brazil May 2009 Setubal Bay Portugal April2010 Halong Bay Vietnam May 2011 Sine Saloum Bay Sénégal Sept2012 Bodrum Bay Turkey Dec 2013 Cambodia Bay Cambodia Oct 2014 Yeosu Bay Korea Feb 2016 Puerto Galera Bay Philippines Oct 2016 Puerto Vallarta Bay Mexico

Apr 2018 Morbihan, La Baule, Mont Saint Michel France Sept 2018 Penghu Bay Taiwan Oct 2019 Toyama Bay Japan for 2020 Dakhla Bay Morocco for 2021 Eilat Bay Israel for 2022 Cambodian Bay Cambodia for 2023 Yeosu Bay Korea

富山湾

Toyama Bay

２．Toyama Bay （1）History of membership Deputy Governor Terabayashi attended the general meeting held in December 2013 in the Gulf of Cambodia. Membership was approved at the 10th Annual General Meeting held in Yeosu, Korea in 2014, and a certificate of membership was handed over to Governor Ishii's governor from the then President of GALIP Guru.

（2）Evaluation of membership standards To join the Most Beautiful Bays in the World, a Bay must meet strict standards. But Toyama Bay has been judged to have cleared the five World Heritage registration standards. ③ Tradition of cultural tradition and civilization ④ Representative historical buildings and landscapes ⑦ Superlative natural phenomenon, natural beauty ⑧ Representative of the stage of Earth history ⑩ Habitat of a variety of creatures Bay is subject to protection policy”was recognized by the above ③ ,“Interesting animals and plants” was ⑩ , and Symbolic existence for local residents” was recognized by ⑦.

As for “Potential for economic development in the surrounding area”, tourism promotion utilizing Bay Club membership is being promoted, as will be explained in the next section (4). Let's take a look at the splendor of Toyama Bay, recognized around the world, in accordance with the World Heritage registration standards.

③ Inherited cultural tradition and civilization Toyama Bay has been fishing for stationary nets since 300years ago. Fixed net fishing is a fishing method in which a net is set on the coast, waits for the fish to come, and catches the fish in the net. Some fish escape from where they enter, and small fish escape from the nets, so this is a sustainable fishing method that captures only 20% of the fish that enter the nets. Since fixed net fishing is close to the fishing ground, it is an environmentally friendly fishing method that does not use much fuel, and the fish is also transported while fresh, so you can taste delicious fish in Toyama. The “Ecchu-style stationary net” developed in Toyama spread around the world. Participating in the World Permanent Net Summit.

The 2018 general meeting of the world's most beautiful bay club was held in Penghu, Taiwan, where there is the “Suanshin Sufu”, a stone-shaped heart shape. Although it is a prototype of a stationary net, it is a heartful fishing method that is friendly to the environment and fish. There are many wonderful events in Toyama Bay that have been cultivated and passed down over many years. The Uozu Tamemon Festival, recognized as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage, is a sleigh stand with a boat-shaped tower that has a 90m lantern hanging in a triangle on a 19m high pillar. A festival that prays for great fishing and safety. It has been going on for 300 years. The nationally designated intangible folk cultural property Namerikawa Nebuta Sink is a folk event that lays a large torch- shaped object in a tree and ignites it to the sea. It has been.

④ Representative of historical buildings and landscapes As a Japanese cultural heritage, 38 municipalities Kita-mae port of call were certified, including Toyama City and Takaoka City. During the Edo period, Osaka was collecting rice from all over the country as a “kitchen in the world”, and Kitamae Ship carried Toyama's rice to Osaka via Shimonoseki. In order to increase the yield of the rice, we carried herring from Hokkaido, planted it in rice fields and made it into fertilizer. In addition, he brought kelp from Hokkaido to Satsuma, and sold it to China via Ryukyu. Instead, the huge profits of importing the raw material of the medicine and selling it to Toyama's drug store moistened Satsuma, and the funds for the curtain It is said that it contributed to the modernization of Japan. Of course, at that time, I was isolated, so Satsuma Passage was smuggled (smuggled), and Toyama's Kitamae ship and drugstore were in charge of it. As for Kakeha's Chokei-ji 500 Rakan, Kitamae ship was carried from Sado. I understand.

“The world's most beautiful starbucks” is located in Toyama Kansui Park, where it was the reservoir of the Fugan Canal. In the past, the Jinzu River was meandering and flooded every year when it rained, but in order to prevent this, the river water was improved so that it would flow straight into the sea. At the same time, the Fugan Canal was newly built to invite a factory to the coast for development, and the old river ruins were buried with dug earth and sand. Materials and raw materials carried via the Sea of Japan were transported from the canal, but a Panama-style Nakajima lock was constructed in 1945 to adjust the water level difference of 2.5 m. Even today, it is used for the Sightseeing ship ‘Fugan Suijo Line’ and is designated as a national important cultural property. On the south side of Kansui Park, there is Ushijima Xiamen, which adjusts the water level difference of 0.65m, and it is registered as a national registered tangible cultural property.

⑦ Superlative natural phenomenon, natural beauty What is wonderful in Toyama Bay is the magnificent Tateyama mountain range that can be seen over the sea. The only place in the world where you can see a 3000m-class mountain range across the ocean is Toyama Bay.

There are many higher mountain ranges in the world, but they cannot be seen across the ocean because they are far from the sea. The Tateyama mountain range is only about 50 km away from Toyama Bay, so it shows an overwhelming appearance like a folding screen.

Tateyama mountain range The Alps are not visible from the seen from Himi Mediterranean

In Toyama Bay (especially Uozu), a mysterious mirage appears. Mirage is a mysterious phenomenon in which when the warm air rides on the cold air, the air becomes like a lens and the scenery on the opposite shore becomes larger or upside down. When a layer of warm air is formed on cold air in the spring, a stretched or inverted virtual image appears above the actual landscape. From autumn to winter, what a photographer is looking forward to is the appearance of ‘Kearashi’. Mist falls into the sea surface, creating a fantastic sight. This is a mist of water vapor in the air cooled to seawater. In particular, the area around Amaharashi is a great camera spot. It is said that there will be nothing in the winter of Toyama, but in fact, it is a great sightseeing season where you can see wonderful sights and strange phenomena and enjoy cold yellowtail and crabs.

⑧Representing the stage of earth history The earth we are stepping on is on a plate, and the mantle underneath moves the plates against each other, causing earthquakes and mountains.

Western Japan was born 30 million years ago by tearing from the Eurasian continent by the movement of the Pacific and continental plates, and a deep Toyama Bay was created as a trace. Three million years ago, the movement of the Philippine Plate raised the sea floor, and East Japan was born. The North American plate collided with the continental plate 500,000 years ago and became a large fault called Fossa Magna (Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line). Ammonite fossils are found in the Amine peaks above an altitude of 1000m above sea level. Even now, the Tateyama mountain range is uplifting at a height of several millimeters a year, but it may become a 4000m-class

36 mountain 10,000 years later. The coral found on the jade coast of Asahi was made by intense energy when the plates collided. Due to changes in temperature, the sea was frozen many times and the sea level was lowered by 120 meters. The coast at that time was covered with cedar forests like Sugisawa cedar in Nyuzen Town, but when the sea level rose due to warming, the cedar forests sank into the sea and became buried forests. It seems that half of the rain that fell on the Tateyama mountain range dived into the ground, and clean water also came out from under the sea, protecting the buried forest from corruption, just as it was springing off the coast of Kurobe. The Tateyama mountain range is close to the sea, the Toyama Bay is suddenly deep, the jade and buried forests are discovered because Toyama Bay represents the dynamic movement of the earth.

⑩ Diverse habitat A steep slope that reaches the sea at a distance of only a few 50 kilometers from an altitude of 3000 m continues into the sea, and when it goes 10 km from the shore, it has a structure called “Aigame” whose depth exceeds 1000 m. A three-layer structure in which “coastal surface water” with low salinity affected by rivers and the like is on the surface, “Tsushima Warm Current” flows below 200 to 300 m, and low-temperature “deep ocean water” flows below 300 m. Therefore, there are so many fish species that 500 inhabiting 800 kinds of seafood distributed in the Sea of Japan, such as yellowtail, firefly squid, sweet shrimp, white shrimp, and shellfish, live in Toyama Bay.

Toyama Bay Champion【Yellow Tail Fish】 Yellowtail travels northward over the Sea of Japan from spring to summer, and retreats south in autumn. The yellowtail of this season is called “Kanburi”, and it enters the stationary net of Toyama Bay when the fat is most delicious from November to January. Toyama Bay Mystery [Firefly Squid] The pale light that radiates in the dark is fantastic, so the 15 km from the Joganji river mouth of Toyama City to the of Uozu port, where firefly squid rushes, is designated as a special natural monument of the country as a “firefly squid swarm surface”.

Toyama Bay Jewel [Glass Shrimp] The glass shrimp caught in the bottom net from April to November lives near the seabed valley that cuts deep into Toyama Bay. Toyama Bay is the only fishing ground in Japan.

As you can see, Toyama Bay is a wonderful and mysterious place that is well comparable to the World Heritage registration standards.

（3）The charms of Toyama Bay Nine municipalities are facing the Toyama Bay, each with its own unique activities.

Himi City Abugashima The largest island in Toyama Bay. Precious ecosystems such as those showing the southern limit of cold zone plants and the northern limit of temperate plants and endemic species have been confirmed. Himi Fishery Cultural Exchange Center The Center shows traditional Echu- stationary nets and fishing village culture, and increase their tradition and cultural value.

Takaoka City Amaharashi Coast / Meiwa Meiwa is a strange rock about 50m off the coast of Amaharashi. It is designated as “Ariso Sea”.

わけいるわせの香や分入右は有磯海松尾芭蕉

Manyo History Museum The editor of "Manyoshu", Otomo Yakamochi, stayed in Fushiki, Takaoka City for five years from 746 as the national guard of Etchu and left many songs, so the Manyo History Museum was opened. 立山に振りおける雪を常夏に見れども飽かず神からなし大伴家持

Imizu City Kaioh Maru Park & Shinshiro Ohashi Kaioumaru is called the sea lady. The total length of the Shinminato Bridge, including the arch, is 3.6km.

Shinminato Marina The largest marina on the Sea of Japan side. Toyama Bay is protected by the Noto Peninsula and is relatively calm, and you

41 can enjoy marine sports throughout the seasons. Toyama City Fugan Canal Kansui Park A waterside park that stretches around the Fugan Canal from Toyama Bay. The canal cruise passes through the water elevator “Nakaji Lock”. Kitamae shipowner, Mori-ke The Iwase area prospered in the port town of Kitamae-ship, which traveled across the Sea of Japan, and there were many Kitamae ship owner such as Mori-ke.

Namerikawa-City Firefly Squid sea sightseeing A facility where you can enjoy learning about the ecology of firefly squid and the mystery of Toyama Bay. From March 20th to May 31st, you can see live firefly squid light up close. Thalassopia You can enjoy the popular thalassotherapy (seawater spa) in Europe using deep sea water collected at a depth of 333m off the Namerikawa coast.

Uozu City Uozu Buried Forest Museum A museum where you can meet “buried forest” and “mirage”. Preserved and exhibited buried forest found on the Uozu coast. There is also an exhibition of how the mirage occurs. Uozu Aquarium Japan's oldest aquarium. The world's first underwater acrylic tunnel. You can enjoy the creatures of Toyama Bay while walking in the sea.

Kurobe City Ishida Fisherina A public marina adjacent to the beach, with leisure boat storage facilities and a pier leading to the sea. It is a fishing spot where many anglers aim for big shots.

Spring Water Kurobe River spring water group selected as one of the top 100 famous waters. It is used everywhere for drinking water, cooking and washing. Nyuzen Town Sawa cedar nature building Fantastic cedar forest that grows around springs that have been selected as one of the top 100 famous waters in Japan. This is a precious place where you can see both warm and mountainous plants at the same time. Oyster village You can enjoy a variety of seafood, including fresh raw oysters purified with deep seawater at a depth of 384m.

Asahi Town Jade Coast (Miyazaki / Sakai Coast) A beautiful emerald green coast on a gravel beach about 4km. Jade rough is launched to the coast. It is also popular as a sunset beach.

Jade Terrace While creating excitement around the jade coast through tourism exchanges and events, it has become a place of relaxation where townspeople can freely gather and play active roles.

（4）Initiatives after joining Since joining the Most Beautiful Bays in the world at 2014, various efforts have been made and facilities on the shore have been enhanced. The pride of becoming a member of the World Organization has increased to the consciousness of making people around the world better.

Establishing the beautiful Toyama Bay Club We established “The Beautiful Toyama Bay Club” on May 10 2015, with organizations active in Toyama Bay, , to rifine the brand power, and to send out its charm all over the world, and to nutture successors.

Toyama Bay cycling The 88km Toyama Bay Cycling Course, which allows you to enjoy cycling while enjoying the beautiful scenery of Toyama Bay, has been established. Since 2015, “Toyama Bay Cycling” has been held every spring.

Tamori Cup, Far East Cup international yacht race held For 4 years since 2015, we held the Tamori Cup, and from 2019, Far East Cup International Yacht Race between Qingdao, Russia, Vladivostok and Toyama, Japan was held.

Opened Toyama Bay Course at Toyama University In 2016, a donation course “Local Tourism Resources and Utilization Strategies” was established and lecturers were dispatched to give lectures on tourism resources in Toyama.

Commend children's activities Since 2015, we have nurtured the next generation by giving the beautiful Toyama Bay Club President Award for outstanding works and presentations related to Toyama Bay at UNESCO Painting Exhibitions and Speech Contests.

Expansion of facilities such as roadside stations and cafes In April 2015, the Himi Fishery Cultural Exchange Center, in July the cafe “SAZAN” next to the Shinminato Marina, and in August “Oyster Village” adjacent to the Nyuzen Deep Sea Water Utilization Facility, in 2017, an owner's room in Shinminato Marina. In April 2018, the Kaioh Maru Observation Plaza, Uozu Buried Forest Museum Cafe, Amaharashi Road Station, and Asahimachi Jade Terrace opened in October. The Toyama Bay, which is said to have nothing, has been transformed into a very nice beachside after joined the Most Beautiful Bays in the World Club.

Implementation of beach cleaning activities “Toyama Bay Wave”

Implementation of beach cleaning activities “Toyama Bay Wave” We shared the feeling of loving Toyama Bay with everyone and performed “Toyama Bay Wave” to make the coast beautiful with 3000 people. After holding hands on the coast of Toyama Bay and hugging Toyama Bay, we cleaned up the coast, but we want to raise our environmental awareness and move from picking up trash to not trashing.

３．World General Assembly in Toyama From October 16th to 20th 2019, the World General Meeting of the Most Beautiful Bays in the World Club was held in Toyama. In the fifth anniversary of Toyama Bay, the World General Assembly was held in Toyama for the first time in Japan, with the largest number of participants (128 people from 33 countries and regions around the world).

（1）General meeting During the general meeting held on 16 and 17 October, Dr. Yegor VOLOVIK, Coordinator of NOWPAP, United Nations Environment Programme, has provided an introductory lecture on UNEP and NOWPAP activities. Then, 2019 business plan / budget, etc. were approved. ➢ New members: La Ciotat Bay (France), Dakura Bay (Morocco)

➢ Membership exam: Pujada Bay (Philippines), Lan Ha Bay (Vietnam) ➢ Withdrawal; San Francisco Bay (US), Sakarun Bay (Croatia) ➢ Participating bays: Kagoshima Bay, Miho Bay (Japan)

Member bays became 44 bays from 24 countries and 1 region, but there was a debate that membership should be promoted from the United States, Russia, Australia, etc., which do not have bays, to increase club’s influence. In addition, it is decided that future general meetings will be held in 2020 Dakura Bay (Morocco), 2021 Eilat Bay (Israel), 2022 Cambodia Bay, and 2023 Yeosu Bay (Korea). In addition, a panel display of of five member bays in Japan was held, and sales of Toyama Bay souvenirs developed for the meeting were held at the meeting venue.

（2）Tour Visit and Exchange meeting During the general meeting, the tour visited Toyama Prefectural Art Museum, Kansui Park, Amaharashi Road Station, Fugan Cruise, etc. After the general meeting tour divided into 5 courses to observe the Toyama Bay. They were very impressed with the welcome of attending the mayors of various cities. We heard a commemorative lecture entitled “Towards the beautiful sea-management of plastics” from President NPEC Suzuki.

（3）Toyama Bay 5th anniversary event In the dialogue between Takuya Kozuka “Mysterious Fish Hunter”, and Osamu Inamura, Director of Uozu Aquarium, Can you catch Ryugutsunokai and squid squid? I was surprised by the fact that a huge deep-sea creature has recently appeared in Toyama Bay, and

I felt the eerie of the global environment change. In the afternoon, fishing boat parade, tree planting, and sunset cruising to Shinminato Marina took place at Kaioh Maru Park.

（4）World Cafe and "Toyama Declaration" This time for the first time we discussioned under the theme of “Prospects for the future- environmental conservation for sustainable development in coastal areas”. The daily discussion “World Café” was divided into 10 teams, and the vision “Toyama Declaration” for the next 20 years was compiled.

Outline; To achieve the goals, strength information sharing among member bays, actively participate in international forums, and improving the international status of clubs.

SDGs were adopted in 2015, and in relation to the ocean SDG 14 the goal was to “protect and sustainably use marine and marine resources” to protect the richness of the Sea. In June 2017, the United Nations Maritime Conference was held under the theme of “Our Sea, Our Future: Collaboration for Achieving SDG 14,” and the “Request for Action” was adopted, and various “voluntary promise” was sought. As of October 2019, 1573 voluntary commitments have been registered, and the second United Nations Maritime Conference is scheduled for 2020. At such a time, it was very meaningful that the world's most beautiful Bay Club compiled the Toyama Declaration and worked as an international NGO organization, and there were many voices from participants that it became a turning point for the club. . Specific initiatives will be discussed in the future, but taking action with voluntary commitments is a great opportunity to return to the club philosophy and improve club status.

（5）Excursion After the General Assembly, five courses tour were held. The mayors of various cities were welcome to attend, and the participants left Toyama with an unbelievable impress. 1 Tateyama-Hotaruika Museum-Toyama Glass Art Museum 2 Unazuki-Sugisawa Cedar-Uozu Buried Forest Museum 3 Uozu Aquarium-Nyuzen Oyster-Unazuki-Kurobe Spring 4 Takaoka Daibutsu-Nosaku-Saize Farm-Himi Banya -Zuiryuji 5 Gokayama-Zuisenji-Tulip Shikisaikan-Wakaturu

Himi Banya Doraemon Post Glass Museum

Hotaruika Museum Uozu Aquarium Kurobe Spring

Sugisawa Cedar Jade terrace Tateyama

（6）Subject and Expectations Toyama General Assembly was decided by a presentation by the governor of Ishii Toyama Prefecture in April 2018, and an executive committee was organized. Preparations were made involving not only prefectures and municipalities but also various groups and ordinary citizens. Despite the difficulty of the Hokuriku Shinkansen due to the flood of Typhoon No. 19, the participants were very pleased with the enthusiasm of the corresponding secretariat. However, just as the two bays withdrew at the General Assembly, the significance of the world's most beautiful bay club was questioned. In addition, the environment surrounding each bay is likely to cause serious damage due to rising sea levels and seawater temperatures. I have great expectations that the Toyama Declaration will be materialized and effective in the future. As a part of Toyama Bay, the holding of the World Congress has enabled member bays to know their appeal, but in order to be widely known and to be visited by many tourists, the brand power must be further enhanced and transmitted. Need to go. Let's work together in anticipation of more beautiful and fun Toyama Bay in 10 years and 20 years!

Citations and references

Home Page of ‘ The Most Beautiful Bays in the World’ Wikipedia What is happening deep in the Sea of Japan Toshitaka Gamou Toyama Sightseeing Navi Photo Library

Written by Koichi Takakuwa 〇Career 1952 Born in Kanazawa , raised in Toyama from 3 years old 1974 Tokyo Institute of Technology Depart of Electric 1974 Hokuriku Electric Power Company（～2016） 2013 Toyama Sailing Federation Chief Director 2014 Toyama UNESCO Association President（~2018） 2015 Tamori-Cup Executive Committee(～2018) 2015 The Beautiful Toyama Bay Club Chief Director 2016 Toyama University Visiting Professor 2019 Far East Cup Toyama Call Executive Committee 〇Book 2016 Auditor’s Preparedness Doubunkan

2019 To protect biodiversity in the sea Nishinipponshuppan

‘ Japan Sea Studies Series Koichi Takakuwa 「The Most Beautiful Bays in the World」& Toyama Bay

Mar.2020

Edited and published by Toyama Prefecture Tourism, Transportation and

Regional Promotion Bureau Tourism Promotion Office

Binding/Printing ○○