Spsc Exam Preparation Test No 04
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Rahi Chu Hydro Electric Project (25 Mw), Sikkim
RAHI CHU HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT (25 MW), SIKKIM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LOCATION AND ACCESS TO PROJECT SITE Rahi Chu Hydo Electric Project with an installed capacity of 3 x 8.33MW is located in North Sikkim District of Sikkim and is proposed on river Rahi Chu, a tributary of Tolung Chu. The project site is located at about 197 km from Siliguri by road via Singtam & Mangan. Singtam is 100 km from Siliguri (on Siliguri-Gangtok NH-31A) & Singtam to Mangan is about 55 Km. The Diversion site is located at about 42 km from Mangan via Tung Bridge (on River Teesta) & Saffu village. The Diversion site is about 7 km from Saffu village on the Saffu-Sangkalan road presently under construction by BRO. Access road of about 8 Km will be required to be constructed from the Saffu- Sangkalan road to reach the Diversion site. HYDROLOGY The Rahi Chu, is a tributary of Tolung Chu, which in turn is a major tributary of the Teesta. The Rahi The catchment area up to the dam site is about 50 Km2 and lies between Longitude 88o32'25"E to 88o30'55"E and Latitude 27o32'58"N to 27o31'55"N. No site specific G&D data of Rahi Chu is available. Stream flow records (10-daily) of the Tolung Chu at the Sankalang gauge site (Catchment Area = 777 Km2) are available for the period May 1990 – Apr 2004). The flow series for the Panan Hydro-Electric Project was generated by applying a reduction factor of 0.89 on the observed stream flow series at Sankalang (1991-91 to 2003-04) with an annual runoff of 4140 mm, thus arriving at 3684 mm. -
Old Laws of Sikkim
OLD LAWS OF SIKKIM SIKKIM CODE Volume V PUBLISHED BY: LAW DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM, GANGTOK Price: SI.No. Notification No.& Date Year Subject Page No. 1 Notification No.6072/0. 1926 Maintenance of road reserve on either side of all 1 dated 10.5.1926 the estate bridle paths in Sikkim. 2 Notifiction No.6161/G. 1926 Rules to be observed in case of settlement in 1-2 dated 10.5.1926 Forest lands. Prohibition of washing of millet, cloths in the 3 Notice No. 850/J. 1927 3 ridge dated 15.6.1927 compound water. 4 Notifiction No. 5660-20/G. 1927 Refund of fine and fees. 3 dated 27.6.1927 5 Notification No. 6309/G. 1927 Prohibition for extraction of wax or honey from 4 dated 18.7.1927 the hives of wild bees. 6 Notification NO.11130/G. 1927 Collection of seedling of Chanp, Piple etc,for 4 dated 12.12.1927 roadside plantation. 7 Notification No.297/G. 1928 Rules for Importation of Cigarettes etc. 5 dated 9.4.1928 8 Notice No.436/J. 1928 Exemption from payment of Court fee/stamps 5-6 dated 25.5.1928 etc., for Monasteries. 9 Notification No.1816/G. 1928 Settlements of raiyats on Forest Lands. 6-7 dated 5.6.1928 10 Notification NO.1978/G. 1928 Direction to Landlords to submit monthly grazing 7 dated 7.6.1928 and forest account direct to the office. 11 Notification No.2022/G. 1928 Rules regulating marking of trees, poles, etc in 8-9 Khasmahal Forest by the landlord and dated 11.6.1928 - Managers of Estates in Sikkim. -
A Detailed Report on Implementation of Catchment Area Treatment Plan of Teesta Stage-V Hydro-Electric Power Project (510Mw) Sikkim
A DETAILED REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CATCHMENT AREA TREATMEN PLAN OF TEESTA STAGE-V HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT (510MW) SIKKIM - 2007 FOREST, ENVIRONMENT & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM GANGTOK A DETAILED REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN OF TEESTA STAGE-V HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT (510MW) SIKKIM FOREST, ENVIRONMENT & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM GANGTOK BRIEF ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION OF TEESTA STAGE-V CATCHMENT. In the Eastern end of the mighty Himalayas flanked by Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet on its end lays a tiny enchanting state ‘Sikkim’. It nestles under the protective shadow of its guardian deity, the Mount Kanchendzonga. Sikkim has witnessed a tremendous development in the recent past year under the dynamic leadership of Honorable Chief Minister Dr.Pawan Chamling. Tourism and Power are the two thrust sectors which has prompted Sikkim further in the road of civilization. The establishment of National Hydro Project (NHPC) Stage-V at Dikchu itself speaks volume about an exemplary progress. Infact, an initiative to treat the land in North and East districts is yet another remarkable feather in its cap. The project Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) pertains to treat the lands by various means of action such as training of Jhoras, establishing nurseries and running a plantation drive. Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) was initially started in the year 2000-01 within a primary vision to control the landslides and to maintain an ecological equilibrium in the catchment areas with a gestation period of nine years. Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim has been tasked with a responsibility of nodal agency to implement catchment area treatment programme by three circle of six divisions viz, Territorial, Social Forestry followed by Land Use & Environment Circle. -
SIKKIM GANGTOK – NATHANG VALLEY – ZULUK MANKHIM – ICCHE GAON 6 Nights 7 Days
File No : TBZ0018 SIKKIM GANGTOK – NATHANG VALLEY – ZULUK MANKHIM – ICCHE GAON 6 Nights 7 Days The Old Silk Route or Silk Road which passes through East Sikkim is a part of the ancient network of trade routes which connected China to India. This route passed through Lhasa and Nathu La and Jelep La Pass and finally reached the port of Tamralipta (present Tamluk in West Bengal) from where it took to the sea and reached far east. This Ancient Silk Route is expected to have been discovered by traders as early as First Century AD. TOUR SUMMARY DAY OVERNIGHT PARTICULAR DAY 1 GANGTOK BAGDOGRA ARRIVAL TRANSFER TO GANGTOK (125KM / 4HRS) DAY 2 GANGTOK GANGTOK LOCAL SIGHTSEEING DAY 3 NATHANG VALLEY GANGTOK TO NATHANG ( 70KM / 3HRS ) VIA GNATHANG DAY 4 ZULUK NATHANG TO ZULUK ( 22KM / 1HRS) DAY 5 ARITAR / MANKHIM ZULUK TO ARITAR/MANKHIM ( 45KM / 2 HRS) DAY 6 ICCHE GAON MANKHIM/ARITAR TO ICCHE GAON ( 45KM / 2HRS) DAY 7 DEPARTURE ICCHE GAON TO BAGDOGRA / NEW JALPAIGURI DETAIL ITINERARY DAY 1 ARRIVAL AT BAGDOGRA ( IXB ) AIRPORT AND TRANSFER TO GANGTOK ( 125KM / 4HRS ) OVERNIGHT : GANGTOK II Elevation: 1,650 m (5,410 ft) II Average Temp Oct :15 to 20 degrees Breakfast at Hotel. After check out proceed for Kolkata airport to take a flight to Bagdogra On arrival at IXB ( Bagdogra Airport ), our team will meet and greet, transfer to Gangtok . Gangtok is a municipality, the capital and the largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim. It also is the headquarters of the East Sikkim district. Gangtok is located in the eastern Himalayan range, at an elevation of 1,650 m (5,410 ft).Gangtok rose to prominence as a popular Buddhist pilgrimage site after the construction of the Enchey Monastery in 1840. -
Chapter - Ii Chapter - Ii
CHAPTER - II CHAPTER - II SIKKIM : A Brief Sketch of its Geographical, Historical, Demographic and Ethnic Communities Geographical Feature of Sikkim : Sikkim is shaped like a horse-shoe with sky embracing mountains along its three sides - east, north and west while there is slope towards south - where it joins the plains of West Bengal.’ “The boundary of Sikkim and Tibet shall be the crest of the mountain range separating the waters flowing into the Sikkim Teesta and it’s affluent from the waters flowing into the Tibetan Mochu and north wards into other rivers of Tibet. The line commences at Mount Glpmoubi on the Bhutan frontier and follows the above mentioned water parting to ihe point where it meets Nepal territory.”^ “The truncated look that Sikkim wears on the map has been the result of pressures and conquests on the part of its neighbours, all of them, in the past. Sikkim, at one time, extended far to the west and included Limbuan (home of the Limbus), now in Nepal. Chumbi valley a n d . parts of western Bhutan were then Sikkimese territory. Southward, Sikkim extended right upto Titaliya on the Bihar-Bengal border and included the whole of Darjeeling District.”' “The whole Sikkim is mountainous with no flat land and straight road at all. The mountains of Sikkim shoot out of the vast snowy range on the south of the Tibetan Plateau. A series of ranges proceeds in the general direction North-South from this snowy southern buttress of Tibet. These ranges are further cut into innumerable smaller ones, spreading in chaotic confusion in all direction. -
Landuse and Landcover Mapping of East District of Sikkim Using IRS P6 Satellite Imagery
Pleione 9(1): 193 - 200. 2015. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Landuse and Landcover mapping of East District of Sikkim using IRS P6 satellite imagery Narpati Sharma1,3, A. P. Das2 and D. G. Shrestha1 1Department of Science, Technology & Climate Change, Vigyan Bhawan, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India 2Department of Botany North Bengal University, Siliguri 734013, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India 3Correspondence author: E-mail: [email protected] [Received 01.11.2014; Revised 12.06.2015; Accepted 15.06.2015; Published 30.06.2015] Abstract Satellite based remote sensing technology is the best methods to estimate the forest cover/ Landuse and land cover mapping in the hilly areas. East Sikkim, having the total geographical area of 954 sq km, ranging over the altitude 300 m (Rangpo) to 4500 m (Nathula), is having tropical to alpine forests. Based on altitude, these forests can be divided into three types viz. Lower Hill forest, Middle Hill forest and Upper Hill forest. Present work used clouds free IRS P6 Jan 26, 2006 satellite imagery was used. The imagery was geo- referenced to Survey of India (SOI) topomaps with less RMS error and knowledge based classified using the slandered vegetation classification legend. A ground based vegetation classes were used during the image classification. The vegetation types when compared with the altitudinal zones of the area shows good relationship. The LISS III image was classified using the ERDAS Imagine (9.1) software by applying two different method of classification in a GIS environment viz. visual interpretation technique and supervised classification. These classification showed 83.72 % overall accuracy. -
Fish Biodiversity As an Indicator of Riverine Status of Sikkim
Fish Biodiversity as an Indicator of Riverine Status of Sikkim Saroj Toppo, H. Rahman and N. Haque ABSTRACT he torrential streams of Sikkim have shallow clear cold water in the foothills. Depending upon altitude the water temperature varies from 3.9 to 19.8°C. The dominant fish species in Teesta and Rangit tributaries are TSchizothorax spp (Asala) Neolissocheilus spp (Katley), Garra spp (Buduna), Pseudecheneis spp (Kabrey), Barilius spp (Chirkay), Semiplotus spp (Chepti). Ornamental species available are Barilius bendelisis bendelisis, Barilius vagra, Danio aequipinnatus, Danio naganensis, Garra lamta, Noemacheilus scaturigina and Noemacheilus sikkimensis. Depending upon water current the percent availability of different species varies from one stream to other. However, a declining trend has been noted in fish gemplasm. The average catch fish is very low may be due to low productivity or destructive and over fishing. The water quality parameters i.e. air temperature (5.57-27.8°C), water temperature (3.9 -19.8°C), DO (5.0 - 9.9 mg/l), pH (6.2 - 8.4), alkalinity (20 - 25.2 mg/ l), TDS (24.4 - 52.7mg /l), hardness (14 - 24 mg /l) were found within the suitable range for cold water fishes. KEYWORDS: cold water, fish biodiversity, physico-chemical parameters, Sikkim Catch fishes from river Teesta tributary in the local market for sale (East Sikkim) 221 Fishing in river through rod and line in torrential stream INTRODUCTION ikkim is bestowed with plenty of water bodies in the form of lakes natural springs, along with myriads of tributaries situated at various altitudes ranging from 400 to 4600 masl. -
7014414.PDF (8.788Mb)
70-1 4 ,UlU BELFIGLIO, Valentine John, 1934- THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF INDIA WITH BHUTAN, . SIKKIM AND NEPAL BETWEEN 1947-1967: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF BIG POWER-SMALL POWER RELATIONS. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1970 Political Science, international law and relations University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan © VALENTINE JOHN BELFIGLIO 1970 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF INDIA WITH BHUTAN, SIKKIM AND NEPAL BETWEEN 1947-196?: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF BIG POWER-SMALL POWER RELATIONS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY ,1^ VALENTINE J. BELFIGLIO Norman, Oklahoma 1970 THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF INDIA WITH BHUTAN, SIKKIM AND NEPAL BETWEEN 1947-196?: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF BIG POWER-SMALL POWER RELATIONS APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE PREFACE The following International Relations study is an effort to provide a new classification tool for the examination of big power-small power relationships. The purpose of the study is to provide definitive categories which may be used in the examination of relationships between nations of varying political power. The rela tionships of India with Bhutan, Sikkim, and Nepal were selected for these reasons. Three different types of relationships each of a distinct and unique nature are evident. Indian- Sikkimese relations provide a situation in which the large power (India) controls the defenses, foreign rela tions and internal affairs of the small power. Indian- Bhutanese relations demonstrates a situation in which the larger power controls the foreign relations of the smaller power, but management over internal affairs and defenses remains in the hands of the smaller nation. -
Agro-Economic Environment and Food Security in Sikkim
AGRO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN SIKKIM THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ARTS) IN GEOGRAPHY UNDER CENTRE FOR HIMALAYAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL SUBMITTED BY TANKA PRASAD DHUNGEL UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. MAITREYEE CHOUDHURY CENTRE FOR HIMALAYAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL P.O. NORTH BENGAL UNIVERSITY RAJA RAMMOHANPUR, DIST.DARJEELING WEST BENGAL, PIN 734013 2018 Contents Declaration Certificate Anti-Plagiarism Report Acknowledgements- List of Tables x List of Figures xix List of Abbreviations xxii Chapter 1. Introduction to Agro-Economics and Food Security 1-40 Introduction 1 The Conceptual Framework of Agro-Economics and Food Security 1 Agricultural Economics- Applied Science or Pure Science 4 Agricultural Economics- Science or an Art 5 Food 5 Food security 8 Review of Literature 17 Research Gap 27 Statement of the Problem 27 Geographical sketch of the study Area 29 Objectives 31 Research Questions 32 Research Design 32 The Survey Design 32 Research Methodology 33 Data Collection 33 Tools of Data Analysis 34 Chapter Plan 34 v Chapter 2. Background and Profile of the Study Area 41-76 Introduction 41 Geomorphology 42 General Geology and Structure 42 Slope of the Area 46 Soil 46 Soil Types Available in Study Areas 52 Drainage 53 Drainage Density 55 Climate 55 Demography 58 Workforce Profile 59 Profile of Sample Households 71 Chapter 3. Agriculture and Agro-Economic Environment in Sikkim 77-121 Introduction 77 The Agrarian Structure 78 History of Agricultural Development in Sikkim 79 Cultivation Calendar of the Nepali Community 87 Cultivation Calendar of the Lepcha Community 89 Cultivation Calendar of the Bhutia Community 90 Agro-Economic activities of selected Gram Panchayat Units (GPUs) of South District 94 Availability of Livestock 102 Availability of Crops and ways of Farming in the Study Area 115 Chapter 4. -
CHAPTER-2 the BEGINNING of POLITICAL DEMOCRACY in SIKKIM CHAPTER 2 the Beginning of Political Democracy in Sikkim
CHAPTER-2 THE BEGINNING OF POLITICAL DEMOCRACY IN SIKKIM CHAPTER 2 The Beginning of Political Democracy in Sikkim 1. The Chogyals and Their Reigns The history of Sikkim prior to the 17th century is not well documented. It is all blurred and scattered in bits and pieces. It is said that Sikkim was covered densely with forests, rnostly uninhabited, remote and inaccessible. The Lepchas are considered to be the real autochthones of Sikkim. They call themselves as Rongkup which means "the son of the snowy peak."They call themselves so because the Lepcha tradition says that the first and the foremost primogenitors of the lepchas were created by the God from the pure snows of Kanchanjunga peak at its pinnacle. They were sent down to the fairy land which lay on the lap of Mount Kanchanjunga, assumed to be Sikkim. (Risley, 1928), (K.P. Tamsang, 1983) One may wonder that although Lepchas are the indigenous inhabitants of Sikkim yet it was ruled by Bhutia kings from the very beginning to the end of monarchy in Sikkim. But the confusion clears as the story unfolds. Tradition tells that somewhere in the thirteenth century a prince named Guru Tashi in Tibet with his five sons proceeded towards south-west to seek his fortune in Denzong "the valley of rice" as directed by his divine vision. They came across the Sakya kingdom where the hierarch was engaged in building a great monastery. The workers there had not been successful in erecting pillars for the monastery. Guru Tashi's eldest son succeeded in erecting the pillar and came to be known as Khye Bumsa meaning "the superior of ten thousand heroes." CHAPTER 2 : The Beginning of Political Democracy in Sikkim Khye Bumsa married the daughter of Sakya king. -
Seventh Five Year Plan 1985-90
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN 1985-90 Draft Proposal From GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM a,nning A nd DeirelopiM ent D epartm ent Govt. o£ Sikkim , Gangtok DRAFT SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN 1985-90 CHINA SCALC 11600.000 MOTORABlI R0AO8--- BASE D UPON SURVEY OF INDIA MAP WITH TH£ PERMISSION OF ©GOVERNMENT Of INDIA COPYRIGHT 1979 THE s u r v e y o r g e n e r a l OF INDIA NIEPA DC D02086 Amdl Development IDepartmeinit Oovt. of Sikkim, Ga>ngtok lb '~ ) ,.s Upit, o; EducatioB^ , .M r !Tation . - w„w)>!£iaMOW DO C.No..M .p ...... •■•“ ; COIJTEU'PS Introduction i Agriculture 1 Soil and Water Conservation 32 Animal Husbandry 36 Dairy Development 53 Fisheries 58 Forest 62 Special Rural Development 72 Panchayats 82 Land Reforms 83 Cooperation 86 Irrigation 98 Flood Control 103 Power 105 Industries 117 Mining and Geology 131 Transport 139 Roads &- Bridges 148 Tourism 154 Scientific Services 158 Education 159 Art and Culture 173 Health and Family Welfare 177 Water Supply and Sewerage 182 Housing 192 Urban Development 195 Information and Publicity 198 Labour Welfare 202 Welfare of Scheduled Castes/Tribes 204 Social Welfare 209 Nutrition 215 General Economic Services 219 Stationery & Printing 222 Public Works 224 Food & Civil Supplies 227 SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN Introduction Although Sikkim became apart of the Indian Union only in May 1975 planned economic development had taken place in the State ever since 1954 when a technical team of the Planning Commission helped the State to formulate its first plan. The process of planning thereafter was not exactly in accordance with the general pattern prevailing in the other States. -
Rivers of Sikkim & Its Impact on Physiography
JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 Rivers of Sikkim & its Impact on Physiography Amrita SardarPramanick Research Scholar, Dept. of. Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India. Dr.Harsha Kumar Das Gupta Research Guide, Dept. of. Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India. Abstract: Sikkim Himalaya is the eastern part of Himalaya. Physiographic formation & locational altitude is the source of formation of rivers. Sikkim may have a small size, but this is amply compensated by formidable physical features. It is the physical features like the rivers and mountains that define the boundaries of the state with its neighbors. The edge of the Tibetan plateau more or less demarcates the northern border of Sikkim with Tibet. The eastern boundary with Tibet is represented by the Chola range whereas the border of Bhutan is constituted by the Pangolia Range. In the west of the Singalila range forms the watershed as well as the border between Nepal and Sikkim. Parts of the river Rangit, Tista, Rangpo-chu combine to define the border of Sikkim with West Bengal. The terrain of Sikkim is so rugged that from the air it looks as though a giant plough had been carelessly run through it. Keywords: Importance of Rivers, Sikkim, Impact on Physiography,Impact on Physiography Introduction According to Wadia the Archaeans are here represented by Daling& Darjeeling Series. Daling is a schistose group; it grades by transition zone into the dominated as Gneissic Darjeeling series. But in the localized zones Dalings are typically slate &phyllites in upper zones. Dalings of Sikkim contain in lower parts in pockets of copper ore in places like Rangpo, Jorthang etc.