Seventh Five Year Plan 1985-90

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Seventh Five Year Plan 1985-90 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN 1985-90 Draft Proposal From GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM a,nning A nd DeirelopiM ent D epartm ent Govt. o£ Sikkim , Gangtok DRAFT SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN 1985-90 CHINA SCALC 11600.000 MOTORABlI R0AO8--- BASE D UPON SURVEY OF INDIA MAP WITH TH£ PERMISSION OF ©GOVERNMENT Of INDIA COPYRIGHT 1979 THE s u r v e y o r g e n e r a l OF INDIA NIEPA DC D02086 Amdl Development IDepartmeinit Oovt. of Sikkim, Ga>ngtok lb '~ ) ,.s Upit, o; EducatioB^ , .M r !Tation . - w„w)>!£iaMOW DO C.No..M .p ...... •■•“ ; COIJTEU'PS Introduction i Agriculture 1 Soil and Water Conservation 32 Animal Husbandry 36 Dairy Development 53 Fisheries 58 Forest 62 Special Rural Development 72 Panchayats 82 Land Reforms 83 Cooperation 86 Irrigation 98 Flood Control 103 Power 105 Industries 117 Mining and Geology 131 Transport 139 Roads &- Bridges 148 Tourism 154 Scientific Services 158 Education 159 Art and Culture 173 Health and Family Welfare 177 Water Supply and Sewerage 182 Housing 192 Urban Development 195 Information and Publicity 198 Labour Welfare 202 Welfare of Scheduled Castes/Tribes 204 Social Welfare 209 Nutrition 215 General Economic Services 219 Stationery & Printing 222 Public Works 224 Food & Civil Supplies 227 SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN Introduction Although Sikkim became apart of the Indian Union only in May 1975 planned economic development had taken place in the State ever since 1954 when a technical team of the Planning Commission helped the State to formulate its first plan. The process of planning thereafter was not exactly in accordance with the general pattern prevailing in the other States. The State depended upon Central guidance in plan formulation and its financing. Every year technical teams used to visit the State and draw its annual plan within the frame work of the five year plans. After Sikkim joined the main stream, the fifth five year plan was started from 1.4.1976. Thereafter, the planning system became similar to the pattern in other States. The fifth plan however was required to be adjusted on account of the rolling plan of 1978-83 which had again to be replaced by the sixth plan from 1980 onwards. The actual expenditure of the 1979-80 annual plan was Rs. 17.79 crores and thereafter the sixth plan was finalised with an outlay of Rs. 122 crores. The actual expenditure in the sixth plan is likely to be in the region of 134 crores which means an addition of more than 12 crores to the approved outlay. The pattern of investment underwent certain changes during the sixth plan. In the first few plans the largest investment, in terms of percentage, was in the communication sector, it being between 40 to 50% of the plan outlay. This was understandable since the penetration of remote areas, which are normally inaccessible, was a sine qua non to the process of planned economic development. Gradually however, the investment pattern changed and by the time the sixth plan started the share of the primary sector, which was only about 15% to begin with, went up to nearly 30°/o. The investment pattern in the sixth plan was on the same lines This profile of investment is in consonance with the strategy adopted throughout the country to remove poverty and to confer gainful employ­ ment opportunities in the rural sector where population is concentrated. Physical features Sikkim is entirely mountainous with an area of 7,299 sq. kms. It is 114 kms. long and 64 kms wide and is bound by Bhutan in the East, Nepal in the West and Tibet in the North. Consequently it is strategically a very important State in the country. Although the State has an area of more than 7,000 sq. kms the habitable area is only about 2.500 sq. kms. since the rest of the area is perpetually bound with snow or high altitude forests. [ i ] The conditions in the State are such that the priorities in the plan have to be some­ what in variance with the States in the plains although the main objectives of removing poverty, providing more food and employment are equally relevant to Sikkim as in other States. Administratively, the State is divided into 4 districts conveniently called as North, South, East and West. In each district, recently two sub divisions have been created. Below the sub division are 405 revenue blocks. Each revenue block is taken as a village for economic planning. The Panchayats in the State are not coterminous with villages. There are 153 Panchayats in the State. Rainfall and climate The region is subjected to heavy rainfall - the average annual rainfall varying from 200 cms. with varying intensity differing from drizzles to heavy showers and to torrential rains. The maximum rainfall is received during the months of May to early September. The terrain of the State being hilly there is wide variation in climate and vegetation. The temperature decreases with increasing altitude. The elevation varies from 300 metres to 5500 metres. The habitable area is normally only up to 2,100 metres. i . Population After the integration of Sikkim as a full fledged State of the Indian Union., it participated in the all India programme of conducting the decennial Census of 1981. According to the 1981 Census, the population of Sikkim was 3.16 lakhs of which 2.65 lakhs (83.B5°/q) was reported from the rural areas and the remaining 0.51 lakhs (16.15%) from the urban areas. East district accounted for the highest population with 1,38,762 (43.85%) distributed over 128 revenue blocks and 3 towns followed by the South district with a population of 75.976 24.02%) residing in 145 revenue blocks and 2 towns. West district with a population of 75,192 (23.76%) spreading over to 120 revenue blockis and 2 towns and the North district with 26,455 persons (8.36%) located in 54 revenue blocks and one town. The density of population varies from 145 per sq. km. in the East district to 6 per sq. km. in the North district with a State average of 45 per sq. km. The sex ratio measured as the number of females per 1000 males, at the State level is 835 while West district records a maximum of 906. The least ratio of 789 is recorded in the North district. As regards the composition of the population, the Sikkim Nepalis account for the highest number followed by Bhutias, Lepchas and Sherpas. Within the Nepali group, the Kami, Damai, Sarki and Majhi are notified as Scheduled Castes and account for 5.78% of the total population of the State. They are spread more or less evenly in all the districts. Bhutias, Lepchas and Sherpas, notified as Scheduled Tribes, constitute 23.27% of the population of the State with very heavy C ii ] concentration of 53.57% in the North district to as low as 17.52% in South district. The recently conducted survey of population, births and deaths indicates an annual growth rate of 2.41% for the State as a whole with 2.75% for the rural sector and 1.85% for the urban -sector/ Applying this growth rate to the 1981 base figures* the population as on 1st March, 1984 is projected as 3.42 lakhs. Land Use Pattern Et Agriculture Of the total geographical area of 7 29,900 hectares, a major share of 36.34% is under forests followed by 28 64% of barren and unculturable land. In addition, permanent pastures and grazing land including culturable waste and land put to non agricultural uses account for 14.04% and 9.58% respectively. Thus the land available for cultivation is about 11.40% of which 0.57% is under miscellaneous tree crops and groves. The area under crops is distri­ buted over 31,061 holdings with 35% located in East district, 33% in West district 25% in South district and the remaining 7% in North district. As regards size of the holdings, about thres'fourth of the holdings are below 3 hectares of land accounting for an operated area of about 53 55% Of the remaining, most of the holdings have an area between 3 to 20 hectares covering 61,44%. As most of the holdings in the North district are under cardamom crop average size of the holding is higher in North it being 7.71 hectares. Although a wide variety of crops is grown in the State, the more important among them are maize, paddy, cardamom, wheat orange, potato and millets. The area under the major crops is given in the statistical supplement. The altitude and temperature naturally influence the cropping pattern. Cultivation takes place in three seasons namely the pre-kharif, kharif and rabi. Since the available land, which can be brought under cultivation without disturbing the ecology of the hills, is very restricted, the future agricultural pattern has to revolve around optimum utili­ sation of existing cultivable land through the introduction of a package of services like better and improved varieties of seeds, larger doses of fertilisers, wide spread use of plant protection systems and the conservation of top soil, all of which are important in increasing the productivity per unit area. The agricultural strategy in the 7th plan will accordingly be essentially to improve productivity which is consistent with the National objective of improving productivity and pro­ ducing more food for the Nation. The various schemes contemplated during the plan will accor­ dingly revolve around the basic premise that within the available land there should be more in­ tensive cultivation leading to increased food production.
Recommended publications
  • Rahi Chu Hydro Electric Project (25 Mw), Sikkim
    RAHI CHU HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT (25 MW), SIKKIM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LOCATION AND ACCESS TO PROJECT SITE Rahi Chu Hydo Electric Project with an installed capacity of 3 x 8.33MW is located in North Sikkim District of Sikkim and is proposed on river Rahi Chu, a tributary of Tolung Chu. The project site is located at about 197 km from Siliguri by road via Singtam & Mangan. Singtam is 100 km from Siliguri (on Siliguri-Gangtok NH-31A) & Singtam to Mangan is about 55 Km. The Diversion site is located at about 42 km from Mangan via Tung Bridge (on River Teesta) & Saffu village. The Diversion site is about 7 km from Saffu village on the Saffu-Sangkalan road presently under construction by BRO. Access road of about 8 Km will be required to be constructed from the Saffu- Sangkalan road to reach the Diversion site. HYDROLOGY The Rahi Chu, is a tributary of Tolung Chu, which in turn is a major tributary of the Teesta. The Rahi The catchment area up to the dam site is about 50 Km2 and lies between Longitude 88o32'25"E to 88o30'55"E and Latitude 27o32'58"N to 27o31'55"N. No site specific G&D data of Rahi Chu is available. Stream flow records (10-daily) of the Tolung Chu at the Sankalang gauge site (Catchment Area = 777 Km2) are available for the period May 1990 – Apr 2004). The flow series for the Panan Hydro-Electric Project was generated by applying a reduction factor of 0.89 on the observed stream flow series at Sankalang (1991-91 to 2003-04) with an annual runoff of 4140 mm, thus arriving at 3684 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Laws of Sikkim
    OLD LAWS OF SIKKIM SIKKIM CODE Volume V PUBLISHED BY: LAW DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM, GANGTOK Price: SI.No. Notification No.& Date Year Subject Page No. 1 Notification No.6072/0. 1926 Maintenance of road reserve on either side of all 1 dated 10.5.1926 the estate bridle paths in Sikkim. 2 Notifiction No.6161/G. 1926 Rules to be observed in case of settlement in 1-2 dated 10.5.1926 Forest lands. Prohibition of washing of millet, cloths in the 3 Notice No. 850/J. 1927 3 ridge dated 15.6.1927 compound water. 4 Notifiction No. 5660-20/G. 1927 Refund of fine and fees. 3 dated 27.6.1927 5 Notification No. 6309/G. 1927 Prohibition for extraction of wax or honey from 4 dated 18.7.1927 the hives of wild bees. 6 Notification NO.11130/G. 1927 Collection of seedling of Chanp, Piple etc,for 4 dated 12.12.1927 roadside plantation. 7 Notification No.297/G. 1928 Rules for Importation of Cigarettes etc. 5 dated 9.4.1928 8 Notice No.436/J. 1928 Exemption from payment of Court fee/stamps 5-6 dated 25.5.1928 etc., for Monasteries. 9 Notification No.1816/G. 1928 Settlements of raiyats on Forest Lands. 6-7 dated 5.6.1928 10 Notification NO.1978/G. 1928 Direction to Landlords to submit monthly grazing 7 dated 7.6.1928 and forest account direct to the office. 11 Notification No.2022/G. 1928 Rules regulating marking of trees, poles, etc in 8-9 Khasmahal Forest by the landlord and dated 11.6.1928 - Managers of Estates in Sikkim.
    [Show full text]
  • A Detailed Report on Implementation of Catchment Area Treatment Plan of Teesta Stage-V Hydro-Electric Power Project (510Mw) Sikkim
    A DETAILED REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CATCHMENT AREA TREATMEN PLAN OF TEESTA STAGE-V HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT (510MW) SIKKIM - 2007 FOREST, ENVIRONMENT & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM GANGTOK A DETAILED REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN OF TEESTA STAGE-V HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT (510MW) SIKKIM FOREST, ENVIRONMENT & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM GANGTOK BRIEF ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION OF TEESTA STAGE-V CATCHMENT. In the Eastern end of the mighty Himalayas flanked by Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet on its end lays a tiny enchanting state ‘Sikkim’. It nestles under the protective shadow of its guardian deity, the Mount Kanchendzonga. Sikkim has witnessed a tremendous development in the recent past year under the dynamic leadership of Honorable Chief Minister Dr.Pawan Chamling. Tourism and Power are the two thrust sectors which has prompted Sikkim further in the road of civilization. The establishment of National Hydro Project (NHPC) Stage-V at Dikchu itself speaks volume about an exemplary progress. Infact, an initiative to treat the land in North and East districts is yet another remarkable feather in its cap. The project Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) pertains to treat the lands by various means of action such as training of Jhoras, establishing nurseries and running a plantation drive. Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) was initially started in the year 2000-01 within a primary vision to control the landslides and to maintain an ecological equilibrium in the catchment areas with a gestation period of nine years. Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim has been tasked with a responsibility of nodal agency to implement catchment area treatment programme by three circle of six divisions viz, Territorial, Social Forestry followed by Land Use & Environment Circle.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015-16
    IX ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16 IX ANNUAL NINTH ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16 Upcoming Academic Block Permanent Campus, Yangyang SIKKIM UNIVERSITY SIKKIM UNIVERSITY www. cus.ac.in www. cus.ac.in SIKKIM UNIVERSITY (A central university established by an Act of Parliament in 2007and accredited by NAAC in 2015) NINTH ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong Gangtok 737 102, Sikkim, India www. cus.ac.in CONTENTS 1. From the Vice-Chancellor's Desk 1 2. About Sikkim University 2 3. Officers of the University 4 4. Members of the Statutory Bodies 4 · Executive Council 4 · Academic Council 5 · Finance Committee 7 · College Development Council 7 5. Executive Summary 8 6. Schools of Study 11 6.1. School of Social Sciences 11 Department of Economics 11 Department of History 14 Department of International Relations 18 Department of Law 21 Department of Peace & Conflict Studies and Management 25 Department of Political Science 29 Department of Sociology 33 6.2. School of Life Sciences 36 Department of Botany 36 Department of Horticulture 41 Department of Microbiology 47 Department of Zoology 55 6.3. School of Physical Sciences 59 Department of Chemistry 59 Department of Computer Applications 62 Department of Geology 64 Department of Mathematics 66 Department of Physics 68 6.4. School of Languages and Literature 71 Department of Chinese 71 Department of English 73 Department of Hindi 76 Department of Nepali 79 6.5. School of Human Sciences 84 Department of Anthropology 84 Department of Geography 88 Department of Psychology 93 6.6. School of Professional Studies 97 Department of Commerce 97 Department of Education 100 Department of Management 104 Department of Mass Communication 108 Department of Music 109 Department of Tourism 112 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary, Sikkim, India 2018
    Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary, Sikkim, India 2018 Date: 22nd September 2018 to 26th September 2018 Habitat: Montane Forest. Temperate Coniferous. Broad-leaf. Wetland. Riverine. Alluvial. Alpine steppe. Sub Alpine Forest. High altitude marshes. Cultivation Land. Human Habitat. Temperature Range: 8°C ~ 32°C Altitude Range: 3,000' to 14,200' (from MSL) in Rongli, Lingtam, Nimachen, Padamchen, Zuluk, Dhupidara, Lungthu, Nathang of East Sikkim district of Sikkim, India Bird Checklist (As per Birds of Indian Subcontinent field guide by Richard Grimmett, Carol Inskipp, Tim Inskipp): 1. Satyr Tragopan (female, one foraging beside hill slope and came on road) 2. Himalayan Monal (one male, one immature and five individual females have been sighted in different locations over four days) 3. Hill Partridge (heard only once on day 3 below Dzuluk) 4. Ruddy Shelduck (at Bedang Tso - Elephant Lake at 13,800 ft; breeding ground) 5. Cattle Egret (Seen near army camp site, after crossing Siliguri town) 6. Great Egret (Seen near Sukna, on last day) 7. Great Cormorant (Seen at Melli, perched on rock) 8. Common Kestrel (Sighted one near Laxman Chowk) 9. Crested Serpent Eagle (Seen twice in lower elevation : 5,500 - 6,000 ft from msl) 10. Mountain Hawk Eagle (Seen at Phadamchen forest block) 11. Spotted Dove 12. Oriental Turtle Dove (Seen mostly on Nebara - Ficus aka 'Cattle feeder' and Chaap) 13. Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon (Seen in Phadamchen forest block) 14. Pin-tailed Green Pigeon ( .. do .. ) 15. Barred Cuckoo Dove (heard from a distance at Lingtam river side) 16. Green-billed Malkoha (seen on day one at Rhenok diversion) 17.
    [Show full text]
  • SIKKIM GANGTOK – NATHANG VALLEY – ZULUK MANKHIM – ICCHE GAON 6 Nights 7 Days
    File No : TBZ0018 SIKKIM GANGTOK – NATHANG VALLEY – ZULUK MANKHIM – ICCHE GAON 6 Nights 7 Days The Old Silk Route or Silk Road which passes through East Sikkim is a part of the ancient network of trade routes which connected China to India. This route passed through Lhasa and Nathu La and Jelep La Pass and finally reached the port of Tamralipta (present Tamluk in West Bengal) from where it took to the sea and reached far east. This Ancient Silk Route is expected to have been discovered by traders as early as First Century AD. TOUR SUMMARY DAY OVERNIGHT PARTICULAR DAY 1 GANGTOK BAGDOGRA ARRIVAL TRANSFER TO GANGTOK (125KM / 4HRS) DAY 2 GANGTOK GANGTOK LOCAL SIGHTSEEING DAY 3 NATHANG VALLEY GANGTOK TO NATHANG ( 70KM / 3HRS ) VIA GNATHANG DAY 4 ZULUK NATHANG TO ZULUK ( 22KM / 1HRS) DAY 5 ARITAR / MANKHIM ZULUK TO ARITAR/MANKHIM ( 45KM / 2 HRS) DAY 6 ICCHE GAON MANKHIM/ARITAR TO ICCHE GAON ( 45KM / 2HRS) DAY 7 DEPARTURE ICCHE GAON TO BAGDOGRA / NEW JALPAIGURI DETAIL ITINERARY DAY 1 ARRIVAL AT BAGDOGRA ( IXB ) AIRPORT AND TRANSFER TO GANGTOK ( 125KM / 4HRS ) OVERNIGHT : GANGTOK II Elevation: 1,650 m (5,410 ft) II Average Temp Oct :15 to 20 degrees Breakfast at Hotel. After check out proceed for Kolkata airport to take a flight to Bagdogra On arrival at IXB ( Bagdogra Airport ), our team will meet and greet, transfer to Gangtok . Gangtok is a municipality, the capital and the largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim. It also is the headquarters of the East Sikkim district. Gangtok is located in the eastern Himalayan range, at an elevation of 1,650 m (5,410 ft).Gangtok rose to prominence as a popular Buddhist pilgrimage site after the construction of the Enchey Monastery in 1840.
    [Show full text]
  • Finance Accounts 2009-2010 Volume
    FINANCE ACCOUNTS 2009-2010 VOLUME - 1 GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM FINANCE ACCOUNTS 2009 - 2010 VOLUME - 1 GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM (i) Table of Contents Subject Page(s) Volume 1 ■ Certificate of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (iii)–(iv) Guide to Finance Accounts 1 - 6 1 Statement of Financial Position 7 - 8 2 Statement of Receipts and Disbursements 9 - 11 3 Statement of Receipts ( Consolidated Fund ) 12 - 15 4 Statement of Expenditure ( Consolidated Fund ) 16 - 23 ° By Function and Nature ■ Notes to Accounts 24 - 32 ■ Appendix I: Cash Balances and Investment of Cash Balances 33 - 34 Volume 2 Part - I 5 Statement of Progressive Capital expenditure 36 - 39 6 Statement of Borrowings and other Liabilities 40 - 43 7 Statement of Loans and Advances given by the Government 44 - 46 8 Statement of Grants-in-aid given by the Government 47 - 48 9 Statement of Guarantees given by the Government 49 - 50 10 Statement of Voted and Charged Expenditure 51 (ii) Table of Contents Subject Page(s) Volume 2 Part - II 11 Detailed Statement of Revenue and Capital Receipts by minor 54 - 83 heads 12 Detailed Statement of Revenue Expenditure by minor heads 84 -147 13 Detailed Statement of Capital Expenditure 148 - 188 14 Detailed Statement of Investments of the Government 189 - 204 15 Detailed Statement of Borrowings and other Liabilities 206 - 217 16 Detailed Statement on Loans and Advances given by the 218 - 224 Government 17 Detailed Statement on Sources and Application of funds for 225 - 227 expenditure (other than revenue account) to the end of 2009-2010
    [Show full text]
  • A Professionally Managed Eco Tourism Organisation
    Eastern Heavens – A Professionally Managed Eco Tourism Organisation Sikkim – The Beautiful Landscape Sikkim was its own mountain kingdom till 1975 and still retains a very distinctive personality. The meditative, mural-filled traditional monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism coexist with Hindu shrines of the ever-growing Nepali community, both religions creating some astonishing latter-day mega- sculptures to adorn the skyline. Hassle-free and warm-hearted, it's a state that's all too easy to fall in love with, explaining perhaps why permit regulations prevent foreigners staying too long or going too far. Clean, green and 'all organic' since 2016, Sikkim is mostly a maze of plunging, super- steep valleys thick with lush subtropical woodlands and rhododendron groves, rising in the north to the spectacular white-top peaks of the eastern Himalaya. When clouds clear, an ever-thrilling experience from many a ridgetop perch is spotting the world's third-highest mountain, Khangchendzonga (8598m), on the northwestern dawn horizon. A fairytale land indeed, Sikkim is adorned with glistening high altitude lakes, rolling green mountains, pretty rhododendron groves, azure rivers, milky waterfalls and vivid monasteries. The west-most Northeastern state of Sikkim is evidently an abode of beauty, however, it does have a window of opportunity for adventure. Not to forget, the state is famous for its incredible view of the third highest mountain in the world, Mount Kanchenjunga/Khangchendzonga. The first glance of Sikkim tourism impresses tourists with a scenic view of chains of mountains and lush greenery. In fact, the state boasts dramatic contours that range from dense forests to barren lands and patches of meadows.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Condition and Environmental Problems of Dzuluk Village, East Sikkim Himalaya: a Geographical Appraisal
    International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 www.ijres.org Volume 9 Issue 8 ǁ 2021 ǁ PP. 73-79 Socio-Economic Condition and Environmental Problems of Dzuluk Village, East Sikkim Himalaya: A Geographical Appraisal Shrayashi Chatterjee1, Guru Prasad Chattopadhyay2 1(Department of Geography, East Calcutta Girls’ College, Kolkata 700089, India) 2(Department of Geography, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India) ABSTRACT: This paper examines the level and condition of socio-economy of Dzuluk, a village at an altitude of 2,865m in the East Sikkim Himalaya. Over the last fifteen years or so this village has emerged as an important tourist destination in this part of Sikkim where every year thousands of tourists from different parts of India come to enjoy the aesthetic view of the Himalaya. The village is small with about thirty households and the economy of the people is largely based on tourism. Most of the villagers earn their livelihood from tourists as they arrange accommodation and food for them in their home-stays. However, the villagers face certain drawbacks like road blockages due to landslides in the rainy season and snow avalanches in the winter. Socio-economic life has been studied here by generating primary data by door-to-door questionnaire survey and necessary suggestions and recommendations have been provided for the development of environment of the area and livelihood of the villagers. Keywords- Socio-economy, tourist destination, aesthetic view, accommodation, livelihood --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 01-08-2021 Date of acceptance: 15-08-2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. INTRODUCTION The Sikkim Himalaya is a land of diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Landuse and Landcover Mapping of East District of Sikkim Using IRS P6 Satellite Imagery
    Pleione 9(1): 193 - 200. 2015. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Landuse and Landcover mapping of East District of Sikkim using IRS P6 satellite imagery Narpati Sharma1,3, A. P. Das2 and D. G. Shrestha1 1Department of Science, Technology & Climate Change, Vigyan Bhawan, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India 2Department of Botany North Bengal University, Siliguri 734013, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India 3Correspondence author: E-mail: [email protected] [Received 01.11.2014; Revised 12.06.2015; Accepted 15.06.2015; Published 30.06.2015] Abstract Satellite based remote sensing technology is the best methods to estimate the forest cover/ Landuse and land cover mapping in the hilly areas. East Sikkim, having the total geographical area of 954 sq km, ranging over the altitude 300 m (Rangpo) to 4500 m (Nathula), is having tropical to alpine forests. Based on altitude, these forests can be divided into three types viz. Lower Hill forest, Middle Hill forest and Upper Hill forest. Present work used clouds free IRS P6 Jan 26, 2006 satellite imagery was used. The imagery was geo- referenced to Survey of India (SOI) topomaps with less RMS error and knowledge based classified using the slandered vegetation classification legend. A ground based vegetation classes were used during the image classification. The vegetation types when compared with the altitudinal zones of the area shows good relationship. The LISS III image was classified using the ERDAS Imagine (9.1) software by applying two different method of classification in a GIS environment viz. visual interpretation technique and supervised classification. These classification showed 83.72 % overall accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Biodiversity As an Indicator of Riverine Status of Sikkim
    Fish Biodiversity as an Indicator of Riverine Status of Sikkim Saroj Toppo, H. Rahman and N. Haque ABSTRACT he torrential streams of Sikkim have shallow clear cold water in the foothills. Depending upon altitude the water temperature varies from 3.9 to 19.8°C. The dominant fish species in Teesta and Rangit tributaries are TSchizothorax spp (Asala) Neolissocheilus spp (Katley), Garra spp (Buduna), Pseudecheneis spp (Kabrey), Barilius spp (Chirkay), Semiplotus spp (Chepti). Ornamental species available are Barilius bendelisis bendelisis, Barilius vagra, Danio aequipinnatus, Danio naganensis, Garra lamta, Noemacheilus scaturigina and Noemacheilus sikkimensis. Depending upon water current the percent availability of different species varies from one stream to other. However, a declining trend has been noted in fish gemplasm. The average catch fish is very low may be due to low productivity or destructive and over fishing. The water quality parameters i.e. air temperature (5.57-27.8°C), water temperature (3.9 -19.8°C), DO (5.0 - 9.9 mg/l), pH (6.2 - 8.4), alkalinity (20 - 25.2 mg/ l), TDS (24.4 - 52.7mg /l), hardness (14 - 24 mg /l) were found within the suitable range for cold water fishes. KEYWORDS: cold water, fish biodiversity, physico-chemical parameters, Sikkim Catch fishes from river Teesta tributary in the local market for sale (East Sikkim) 221 Fishing in river through rod and line in torrential stream INTRODUCTION ikkim is bestowed with plenty of water bodies in the form of lakes natural springs, along with myriads of tributaries situated at various altitudes ranging from 400 to 4600 masl.
    [Show full text]
  • S U M M a R Y
    Table No. : S u m m a r y State : SIKKIM Management : All Management Category : All Categories Rural / Urban : All Areas Year : 2013-14 Enrolment (1 - 8) Enrolment (9 - 12) Teachers Class PTR SCR* District Code & District Name Schools rooms Boys Girls Total (1 - 8)Boys Girls Male Female No Resp. Total Primary / Up.Pri. 1 - 8 1 1104 EAST SIKKIM 427 27034 26129 53163 8134 9845 2228 3151 0 5379 4058 9.88 13.10 2 1101 NORTH SIKKIM 122 3881 3679 7560 1108 1326 477 430 0 907 862 8.34 8.77 3 1103 SOUTH SIKKIM 375 15199 14773 29972 3965 4601 1736 1733 0 3469 2608 8.64 11.49 4 1102 WEST SIKKIM 353 15088 14318 29406 4221 4892 1803 1470 0 3273 2502 8.98 11.75 All Districts 1277 61202 58899 120101 17428 20664 6244 6784 0 13028 10030 9.22 11.97 21, February 2014 10:10 AM ©NUEPA New Delhi Page 1 of 1 U-DISE L i s t o f O p e r a t i o n a l S c h o o l s Table No.: Chk-7--6 w h e r e S c h o o l T y p e i s no t s p e c i f i e d (Secondary Level) State Name : SIKKIM Category : All Categories Rural / Urban : All Areas Year : 2013-14 School Rur. School Management School Type Enrolment (1 - 8) Enrolment(9 - 12) Class Code School Name Village Name School Category Urb. rooms Ele.
    [Show full text]