OCN750 – Historical Perspectives in Biological Oceanography Spring 2006

Wednesday 12:30 – 1:30pm, MSB305

http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/zij

Instructor: Zackary Johnson (MSB614, [email protected])

Grading (1-2 units): 100% class participation / attendance

Course Description: The goal of this course is to read and discuss classic papers in biological oceanography. This course is open to graduate students in biological, chemical and physical oceanography. Students are encouraged to suggest papers for discussion or to solicit ideas from their major professors. Having a solid understanding of seminal papers will help to appreciate how ideas have evolved over time, and how our understanding may continue to evolve.

OBJECTIVES: • To understand how major ideas evolved in the field of biological oceanography and how this history influences or current attitudes in the field

• To gain an appreciation for the difficulty of conducting science with limited tools / resources

• To become familiar with some classic papers in biological oceanography

Readings:

January 11 • Organization

January 18 • Sverdup, H.U. 1953. On Conditions for the Vernal Blooming of Phytoplankton. Journal du Conseil 18: 287-295.

January 25 • Azam, F., T. Fenchel, J.G. Field, J.S. Gray, L.A. Meyer-Reil, and F. Thingstad. 1983. The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 10: 257-263. • Pomeroy, L.R. 1974. The ocean's food web, a changing paradigm. Bioscience 24: 499-504.

February 1 • Sheldon, R.W., A. Prakash, and W.H. Sutcliffe Jr. 1972. The size distribution of particles in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 17: 327-340. • Steele, J. 1985. A comparison of terrestrial and marine ecological systems. Nature 313: 355-358.

February 8 • Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber. 1987. An estimate of new production in the Equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research 34: 1229-1243. • Jenkins, W.J. 1982. Oxygen utilization rates in North Atlantic subtropical gyre and primary production in oligotrophic systems. Nature 300: 246-248.

February 15 • Fasham, M.J.R., H.W. Ducklow, and S.M. McKelvie. 1990. A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer. Journal of Marine Research 48: 591-639.

February 22 • no class - Ocean Sciences Meeting

March 1 • Menzel, D.W. and J.H. Ryther. 1960. The annual cycle of primary production in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda . Deep-Sea Research 6: 351-367. • Riley, G.A. 1946. Factors controlling phytoplankton populations on Georges Bank . Journal of Marine Research 6: 54-73.

March 15 • Sambrotto, R.N., G. Savidge, C. Robinson, P. Boyd, T. Takahashi, D.M. Karl, C. Langdon, D. Chipman, J. Marra, and L. Codispoti. 1993. Elevated Consumption of Carbon Relative to Nitrogen in the Surface Ocean . Nature 363: 248-250. • Redfield, A.C. 1958. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Scientist 46: 205-211.

March 20 • Deuser, E., E. Ross, and R. Anderson. 1981. Seasonality in the supply of sediment to the deep Sargasso Sea and implications for the rapid transfer of matter to the deep ocean. Deep-Sea Research 28A: 495-505. • Eppley, R. and B. Peterson. 1979. Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature 282: 677-680.

April 5 • Hutchinson, G. 1961. The paradox of the plankton. American Naturalist 95: 137- 145. • Margalef, R. 1978. Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment. Oceanologica Acta 1: 493-509.

April 12 • Jannasch, H.W. and Jones, G. E. 1959. Bacterial populations in sea water as determined by different methods of enumeration. Limnology and Oceanography 4: 128-139. • Giovannoni, S.J., T.B. Britschgi, C.L. Moyer, and K.G. Field. 1990. Genetic diversity in Sargasso Sea bacterioplankton. Nature 345: 60-63. • Venter J.C. et al. 2004. Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Science 304: 66-74.

April 19 • McCarthy J.J., Taylor W.R., Taft J.L. 1975 The Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in the Open Waters of the Chesapeake Bay. in Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environment ed. T. Church, American Chemical Society, Washington DC pg 664-681. • Eppley, R.W. 1972. Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea. Fishery Bulletin 70: 1063-1085.

April 26 • Banse, K. 1990. Does iron really limit phytoplankton production in the offshore subarctic Pacific? Limnology and Oceanography 35: 772-775. • Martin, J.H. 1990. Glacial-Interglacial CO2 change: the iron hypothesis. Paleooceanography 5: 1-13.

May 3 • Smith, R.C., R.W. Eppley, K.S. Baker. 1982. Correlation of primary production as measured aboard ship in southern California coastal waters and as estimated from satellite chlorophyll images. Marine Biology 66: 281-288. • Corliss, J.B., Dymond J, Gordon L.I., Edmond J.M., von Herzen R.P., Ballard R.D., Green K, Williams D, Bainbridge A, Crane K, van Andel T.H. 1979. Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift. Science 203: 1073-1083. • Stommel, H. 1963. Varieties of oceanographic experiences. Science 139: 572- 576. • OPTIONAL - Parsons, TR and Seki H. 1995. A Historical-Perspective Of Biological Studies In The Ocean. Aquatic Living Resources 8: 113-122. • OPTIONAL - Barber RT and Hilting AK. 2000. Achievements in Biological Oceanography. in 50 years of Ocean Discovery, National Academy Press,Washington DC, pg11-21. some other papers of interest • Hobbie, J.E., O. Holm-Hansen, T.T. Packard, L.R. Pomeroy, R.W. Sheldon, J.P. Thomas, and W.J. Wiebe. 1972. A study of the distribution and activity of microoganisms in ocean water. Limnology and Oceanography 17: 544-555. • Riley, G.A. 1946. Factors controlling phytoplankton populations on Georges Bank. Journal of Marine Research 6: 54-73. • Sugimura, Y. and Y. Suzuki. 1988. A high-temperature catalytic oxidation method for the determination of non-volatile dissolved organic carbon in seawater by direct injection of a liquid sample. Marine Chemistry 24: 105-131. • Walsh, J.J. 1983. Death in the sea: Enigmatic phytoplankton losses. Progress in Oceanography 12: 1-86. • Williams, P.M. and E.R.M. Druffel. 1988. Dissolved organic matter in the ocean: Comments on a controversy. Oceanography 1: 14-17. • Martin, J.H., G.A. Knauer, D.M. Karl, and W.W. Broenkow. 1987. VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Research 34: 267-285. • Ryther, J.J. 1969. Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science 166: 72-76. • Goldman, J.C. 1987. Spatial and temporal discontinuities of biological processes in pelagic surface waters. In Towards a theory on biological-physical interactions in the world ocean (ed. B.J. Rothschild). Kluwer, Boston. • Dugdale, R.C. and J.J. Goering. 1967. Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivty. Limnology and Oceanography 12: 196-206. • Gordon, H. R., Clark, D. K., Mueller, J. L., Hovis, W. A. Phytoplankton pigments from the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner: comparisons with surface measurements. Science 210: 63-66.