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Full Text of Full text of "Mosheim's Church history, of the first two centuries" See other formats °00lB5a67HH H.OSHEIM'S CHURCH HISTORY, OF THE FIRST TWO CENTURIES, (Macla trie's Translation ,) IN WHICH THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND VARIATIONS OF CHURCH POWER, ARE CONSIDERED IN THEIR CONNEXION WITH THE STATE OF LEARNING AND PHILOSOPHY, AND THE Political History of Europe during that period. PUBLISHED BY S. K. HOSHOUR, A. M. CAMBRIDGE CITY, INDIANA. i MILTON, IA. PRINTED BY C . B . B E N T L E Y | 1847. T& $ PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. Y6- Respected Reader: We live in an age pre-eminently char- acterized by the spirit of inquiry. And the range of that spirit comprises the whole extent of society and nature. Its direction is towards the origin, or constituent elements of things. Whoever wishes to investigate matters successfully must begin the origin or primary principles of subjects. In this way, the spirit of investigation has evolved many of those conveniences which are so highly conducive to the civil and domestic comfort of the present age. It would betray some listlessness on our part, not to suppose that that same spirit of inquiry would enter the enclosures of religion. It has done it. All the commotions and divisions among the different denominations of Christian professors, are evidences of the fact. For nearly all the leading denominations in this Union have been subjects of division and subdivisions. The Lutheran church, the oldest Protestant denomination, has been divided into Generalists and Hinkelites, into Old andXew Measure parties; the Episcopalians into High and Low church ; the Presbyterians into Old and New school; the Baptists into Calvanistic and Free Will, and other minor parties ; the Methodists into Episcopal Methodists, Protestant Methodists, and True Wesleyans, and even the otherwise paci- fic Friends, have been divided into Orthodox and Hicksites. Men are inquiring after original principles. Human author- ity in religious matters, is on the wane. But it is to be re- gretted that the different denominations in their discussions of the question, " Who of the denomination constitutes tb e 4 Publisher's prefacet. original church of the order, " did not in their inquiries after first principles, go back to ffM original principles of Chris- tianity instead of to the principles that characterized the ori- ginators of their party, a few hundred years ago. That is too great a distance on this side of the right place. In civil government it is constantly inculcated that a frequent recur- rence to first principles is essentially necessary for the pre- servation of our civil immunities; and not less ought it to be so, in ascertaining the true character of the Christian faith. We must go back and ascertain what the first Chris- tians believed and practiced. They were the best exponents of "the faith once delivered to the saints," within the whole scope of inquiry upon this subject. In furnishing you with this volume, the subscriber aims to put you in possession of a means by which, in connexion with a proper study of the New Testament, you will be able to form a correct and safe idea of the original character of Christianity; and will also enable you to form an estimate of the nearness to, or remoteness from 1 the primitive standard, of any religious operations you may witness at the present day, and to decide how far professed Christians have departed from the ancient faith. Mosheim, pronounced Mos-hime, not Mosh-eem,the author of the work now in your hands, was a Lutheran, and one of the most learned men of Germany. He wrote numerous works of various sizes, and died in the year 1755. His History is a Mandmg authority in the usual course of orthodox Theological studies. Should you meet some things in his History which you have hitherto considered as novel peculiarities of some pro- fessors of the Christian faith, in your midst, please to bear in mind that the force of truth and the spirit of impartiality, and not his party position, impelled him to state things as they existed among the first Christians. I give you his His- tory of the first and second centuries without note and com- ment, and without any additions whatever of my own ; nor PUBLISHER'S PREFACE., did I think profitable or essential to give his own notes, as they generally consist of references to ancient authors ; and those that are not so, do not throw any special light on the subjects to which they refer. A few of the important points have been italicised to arrest the reader's attention. It is hoped you will read his introduction carefully. It is true, that it was written for his whole work, but in view of its val- uable import it was deemed proper to insert the w T hole of it in this volume. Reader, have you a family growing up that can read and reflect? then put this book into their hands ; it will, in connexion with the Bible, aid them much to decide how to embrace and cherish the Christian faith. May your reading of Christian antiquities produce in you an attach- ment to the Redeemer of your spirit, and lead you to such a a course of obedience to him, as will issue in your eternal salvation! ,S. K. HOSHOUR, INTRODUCTION. DeShition of Church History— Division of Church History into external and interna! — The external winch comprehends the prosperous and calamitous events that happened to the chiifcft— Prosperous even's — Calamitous events — Internal history, which comprehends, — First, the history of the Christian Teachers — Secondly, the history of the doctrines and laws of the church— Rul^s necessary to be observed in giving a history of the doctrines of the christian church — Thirdly, the history of its ceremonies and worship- — nrthly, the history of the heresies that have divided it— In treating Church History, events are to be considered in connexion with their causes— Geaie- method o\ investigating the secret causes of things — More particular rules for coming to this knowledge in the external history of the church; and in its internal history — The sources from whence Church Hisrory must be derived — The essential qualities of Church History — A historian g be free from a servile attachment to times, men, and opinions — The defects that are visible in the writers of Church. History — The advantages that re- : from the study of Church History— General and particular — The meth- od of treating Church History in its external and internal branches. CiirRCH History is a clear ami faithful narration of tlie transactions, revolutions, and events that relate to that large community which bears the name of Jesus Christ, and is vulgarly known under the denomination of the church. It comprehends both the external and internal condition of this community, and so connects each event with the causes from which it proceeds, and the instruments which have been con- cerned in its production, that the attentive reader may be led to' observe the displays of providential wisdom and goodness in the preservation of the church, and thus find his piety im- proved, as well as his knowledge. The church, founded by the ministry and death of Christ, cannot be represented with more perspicuity and propriety than under the notion of a society subjected to a lawful do- minion, and governed by certain laws and institutions, most- ly of a moral and spiritual tendency. To such a society ma- ny external events must happen, which will advance or op- pose its interests, and accelerate or retard its progress to- ds perfection, in consequence of its unavoidable connex- ion with the course and revolutions of human ailairs. More- over, as nothing is stable and uniform where the imperfec- tions of humanity take place, this religious society beside the g INTRODUCTION. vicissitudes to which it must be exposed from the influence of external events, must be liable to various changes in its in- ternal constitution. In this view of things then it appears, that the history of the church, like that of the state, may be divided, with propriety into two general branches, which we may call its external and internal history. The extern I history of the church comprehends all the changes, vicissitudes, and events, that have diversified the ex- ternal, state and condition of this sacred community. And as all public societies have their periods of lustre and decay, and are exposed to revolutions both of a happy and calam- itous nature^ so this first branch of Church History may be sub- divided into two, comprehending respectively, the prosperous and cal nnitous events that have happened to the church. The prosperous events that have contributed to extend the limits, or to augment the influence of the Christian church, have proceeded either from its rulers and leaders, or from the subordinate members of this great community. Under the former Class, we rank its public rulers, such as princes magis- trates, and pontiffs, who, by their authority and laws, their liberality, and even their arms, have maintained its cause and extended its borders ; as also its more private leaders, its learned and pious teachers, whose wise counsel^, pious ex- ploits, eminent examples, and distinguished abilities have contributed most to promote its true prosperity and lustre. — Under the latter class, we may comprehend the advantages which tfte cause of Christianity has derived from the active faith, the invincible constancy, the fervent piety, and exten- sive charity of its genuine professers, who, by the attractive lustre of these amiable virtues, have led many into the way of truth, and engaged them to submit themselves to the em- pire of the Messiah.
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