A Handbook of Patrology
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Paul's 'Works of the Law' in the Perspective Of
Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament · 2. Reihe Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey (Zürich) Mitherausgeber/Associate Editors Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) ∙ James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Tobias Nicklas (Regensburg) ∙ J. Ross Wagner (Durham, NC) 468 Matthew J. Thomas Paul’s ‘Works of the Law’ in the Perspective of Second Century Reception Mohr Siebeck Matthew J. Thomas, born 1985; BA, Pepperdine University; MCS, Regent College; D.Phil, University of Oxford; currently serves as Visiting Assistant Professor of Sacred Scripture at St. Patrick’s Seminary and University, and Instructor in Theology for Regent College. orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-7848 ISBN 978-3-16-156275-4 / eISBN 978-3-16-156281-5 DOI 10.1628 / 978-3-16-156281-5 ISSN 0340-9570 / eISSN 2568-7484 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testa- ment, 2. Reihe) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2018 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany. For Nabeel Qureshi (1983–2017) Preface This book is a lightly revised version of my doctoral dissertation at the Universi- ty of Oxford, and my family and I are indebted to many individuals for their encouragement to pursue the project and helping to bring it to completion. -
A History of Cynicism
A HISTORY OF CYNICISM Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com A HISTORY OF CYNICISM From Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D. by DONALD R. DUDLEY F,llow of St. John's College, Cambrid1e Htmy Fellow at Yale University firl mll METHUEN & CO. LTD. LONDON 36 Essex Street, Strand, W.C.2 Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com First published in 1937 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com PREFACE THE research of which this book is the outcome was mainly carried out at St. John's College, Cambridge, Yale University, and Edinburgh University. In the help so generously given to my work I have been no less fortunate than in the scenes in which it was pursued. I am much indebted for criticism and advice to Professor M. Rostovtseff and Professor E. R. Goodonough of Yale, to Professor A. E. Taylor of Edinburgh, to Professor F. M. Cornford of Cambridge, to Professor J. L. Stocks of Liverpool, and to Dr. W. H. Semple of Reading. I should also like to thank the electors of the Henry Fund for enabling me to visit the United States, and the College Council of St. John's for electing me to a Research Fellowship. Finally, to• the unfailing interest, advice and encouragement of Mr. M. P. Charlesworth of St. John's I owe an especial debt which I can hardly hope to repay. These acknowledgements do not exhaust the list of my obligations ; but I hope that other kindnesses have been acknowledged either in the text or privately. -
3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers by Tim Warner © Copyright
The Evolution of God 3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers By Tim Warner © Copyright www.4windsfellowships.net he earliest Christian writers whose works have survived, those known to have direct connections to the Apostles, were one disciple of Paul (Clement of Rome) T and two disciples of John (Polycarp1 of Smyrna and Ignatius2 of Antioch). These authors had been personally instructed by the Apostles and were leaders within the Christian assemblies established by the Apostles. The writings of these men were addressed to fellow believers or assemblies, being pastoral in nature rather than apologetic. They did not attempt to refute heresy or extensively define doctrines, since commonality of doctrine was assumed between writer and his audience. Their surviving works did not attempt to interact with pagans or portray Christianity in ways the pagans could easily digest. They were intended to be read and digested by Christians. These most ancient specimens reflect the common Christian belief in the personal preexistence of the Son of God as the “Word” (Logos) of John’s prologue, His emptying Himself to become fully human, His exaltation to the right hand of God, and His future role as King. Earliest Christian Writers with direct Connections to the Apostles: Clement of Rome: In his epistle to the Corinthians, Clement of Rome referred to Jesus Christ as the speaker in Psalm 118:18, calling Him the “Word.” Clement writes: “For thus saith the holy Word: ‘The Lord hath severely chastened me, yet hath not given me over to death.’”3 That the one speaking in Psalm 118 is the Son of God is shown just four verses later: “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. -
The Expansion of Christianity: a Gazetteer of Its First Three Centuries
THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY SUPPLEMENTS TO VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE Formerly Philosophia Patrum TEXTS AND STUDIES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND LANGUAGE EDITORS J. DEN BOEFT — J. VAN OORT — W.L. PETERSEN D.T. RUNIA — C. SCHOLTEN — J.C.M. VAN WINDEN VOLUME LXIX THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY A GAZETTEER OF ITS FIRST THREE CENTURIES BY RODERIC L. MULLEN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mullen, Roderic L. The expansion of Christianity : a gazetteer of its first three centuries / Roderic L. Mullen. p. cm. — (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, ISSN 0920-623X ; v. 69) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13135-3 (alk. paper) 1. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. I. Title. II. Series. BR165.M96 2003 270.1—dc22 2003065171 ISSN 0920-623X ISBN 90 04 13135 3 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Anya This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ ix Introduction ................................................................................ 1 PART ONE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES IN ASIA BEFORE 325 C.E. Palestine ..................................................................................... -
Ohti-Roi-Iman
THE OHTI-ROI-IMAN NOVEMBER, 1891. ART. I-THE "APOLOGY" OF ARISTIDES. N these days of unrest and disquietude, when the very foundations of the Creed are assailed, and the contents Iof the canon itself are subjected to the new criticism, we hail with satisfaction any discovery which throws light upon the faith which was held by the lJrimitive Christians of the sub-Apostolic age. Such a very real help we have in the "Apology" of Aristides 011 behalf of the Christians, a fresh :find in the regions of sub-A1Jostolic literature. It is one of the earliest of the a1Jologies made to the Roman Em1Jeror. Aris tides takes rank with the other Greek apologists of that early age-with Papias and Q,uadratus, "a disciple of the Apostles," and with the Jewish a1Jologists .Agrippa Castor and ·Justin Martyr, "the true representative of the age"; with Dionysius of Corinth, and Pmytus; with Hermas and Hegesippus ; with Theophilus of Antioch, and Athenagoras of Athens. The work of the early apologists was, as we know, twofold-to determine the relations of Christianity to heathendom rmd to Judaism.1 The first 1\_thenian apologists were Q,uadratus and Aristides, who are supposed to have been almost contemporaries. The "Apology" of Quadratus was generally current in the time of Eusebius, who himself possessed a copy of it; and "one may see in it," he says, "clear 1Jroof of the intellect of the man and of his Apostolic orthodoxy." The single passage which he has preserved shows that Q,nadratus insisted rightly on 1 The word "apology" (cbroA.oyla), a defence, has always had a technical meaning in Christian literature. -
Orthodox Theological Faculty V. Rev. Ass. Prof. Dr. Daniel BUDA
“Lucian Blaga” UniversitySibiu “Andrei Saguna” Orthodox Theological Faculty V. Rev. Ass. Prof. Dr. Daniel BUDA SUMMARY of abilitation thesis ANTIOCH – ecclesial and theological center of multiple valences This habilitation thesis presents in summary the main results of my researches on the history and theology of Antioch as a Christian center. The main scientific principals I followed in my research were: a multi-perspective analyse of the available historical sources in order to avoid any unilateral interpretation; a coherent connection between church history and general history of Antioch; good knowledge of archaeological remains related with Antioch through visits to Antioch; direct knowledge of the present situation of the Patriarchate of Antioch due to visits in the Middle East, as well as to Antiochian communities in diaspora. The first part is dedicated to the pre-Christian history of Antioch and its importance for the knowledge of the Christian history of Antioch. I briefly presented the history of the foundation of Antioch and some essential information related with its geographical sides, the suburbia in order to understand the importance of Antioch as an urban center of the Orient before Christianity. I highlighted also the ethnic and religious diversity of the pre-Christian Antioch in order to understand the cosmopolite character of this city at the beginning of Christian era. At the end of the first part I presented the implication of this diversity for the rise of Christianity in this city: (1) Christianity did know how to -
A Student Journal for the Study of the Ancient World
A Student Journal for the Study of the Ancient World Volume 20, Number 1 Summer 2021 Brigham Young University Provo, Utah A Student Journal for the Study of the Ancient World Brigham Young University Editors Jeremy Madsen Helaman Bennion Head of Faculty Review Board David Seely ANES Department Chair Cecilia Peek August 2021 issn: 1540-8787 Studia Antiqua is an annual student journal dedicated to publishing the research of graduate and undergraduate students from all disciplines of ancient studies. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Brigham Young University or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The continued publication of Studia Antiqua is made possible through financial contributions by Ancient Near Eastern Studies. Additional contributions were made to this volume by Classics and the Religious Studies Center. Studia Antiqua accepts manuscripts for publication year-round. Manuscripts should be sent to [email protected] and should include a title page with the author’s name, major, and year in school. For submission guidelines, please visit studiaantiqua.byu.edu. Contents Volume 20, Number 1 Summer 2021 Abbreviations .......................................................................................... iv Editor’s Preface ...................................................................................... vi Alexandra Carlile Migraines, Men, and Mythology: Gendered Imagery in the Birth of Athena ............................................................. 1 Alexander Christensen Mendacia in Minucius Felix: The Charged Rhetoric of a Latin Apologist................................................................. 9 Abigail Booth Sacred Writing and Magic Metal: The High Priest’s Holy Crown as a Protective Amulet ................................................... 23 Elliotte Thurtle Hedgehogs and Hyenas: Peculiar Animals of Ancient Egypt ......... 38 Megan Mayfield The Winged Victory: Nike in Ancient Greece ................................. -
Paths to the Heart: Sufism and the Christian East Appears As One of Our Selections in the Perennial Philosophy Series
World Wisdom The Library of Perennial Philosophy The Library of Perennial Philosophy is dedicated to the exposition of the time- less Truth underlying the diverse religions. This Truth, often referred to as the Sophia Perennis—or Perennial Wisdom—finds its expression in the revealed Scriptures as well as the writings of the great sages and the artistic creations of the traditional worlds. The Perennial Philosophy—and its fundamental idea of the Religion of the Heart—provides the intellectual principles capable of explaining both the formal contradictions and the underlying unity of the great religions. Ranging from the writings of the great sages who have expressed the Sophia Perennis in the past, to the perennialist authors of our time, each series of our Library has a different focus. As a whole, they express the inner unanimity, trans- forming radiance, and irreplaceable values of the great spiritual traditions. Paths to the Heart: Sufism and the Christian East appears as one of our selections in The Perennial Philosophy series. The Perennial Philosophy Series In the beginning of the Twentieth Century, a school of thought arose which has focused on the enunciation and explanation of the Perennial Philosophy. Deeply rooted in the sense of the sacred, the writings of its leading exponents establish an indispensable foundation for understanding the timeless Truth and spiritual prac- tices which live in the heart of all religions. Some of these titles are companion vol- umes to the Treasures of the World’s Religions series, which allows a comparison of the writings of the great sages of the past with the perennialist authors of our time. -
Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyons, and Cyprian of Carthage on Suffering: A
LIBERTY UNIVERSITY JUSTIN MARTYR, IRENAEUS OF LYONS, AND CYPRIAN OF CARTHAGE ON SUFFERING: A COMPARATIVE AND CRITICAL STUDY OF THEIR WORKS THAT CONCERN THE APOLOGETIC USES OF SUFFERING IN EARLY CHRISTIANITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE RAWLINGS SCHOOL OF DIVINITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THEOLOGY AND APOLOGETICS BY AARON GLENN KILBOURN LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA AUGUST 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Aaron Glenn Kilbourn All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL SHEET JUSTIN MARTYR, IRENAEUS OF LYONS, AND CYPRIAN OF CARTHAGE ON SUFFERING: A COMPARATIVE AND CRITICAL STUDY OF THEIR WORKS THA CONCERN THE APOLOGETIC USES OF SUFFERING IN EARLY CHRISTIANITY Aaron Glenn Kilbourn Read and approved by: Chairperson: _____________________________ Reader: _____________________________ Reader: _____________________________ Date: _____________________________ iii To my wife, Michelle, my children, Aubrey and Zack, as well as the congregation of First Baptist Church of Parker, SD. I thank our God that by His grace, your love, faithfulness, and prayers have all helped sustain each of my efforts for His glory. iv CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………………ix Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………..1 Personal Interest………………………………………………………………………8 The Need for the Study……………………………………………………………….9 Methodological Design……………………………………………………………….10 Limitations……………………………………………………………………………12 CHAPTER 2: THE CONCEPT OF SUFFERING IN THE BIBLE AND EARLY APOLOGISTS........................................................................................................................14 -
2 List of Abbreviations Used in the Chapter PH Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes M Adversus Mathematicos BAV Biblioteca Apostolica Vatican
2 List of abbreviations used in the chapter PH Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes M Adversus Mathematicos BAV Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Roma BN Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris PG Patrologia Graeca etc. PL Patrologia Latina etc. TLG Thesaurus Linguae Graecae 2 3 The Rediscovery and Posthumous Influence of Scepticism Luciano Floridi Introduction The history of the transmission, recovery and posthumous influence of ancient scepticism is a fascinating chapter in the history of ideas. An extraordinary collection of philosophical texts and some of the most challenging arguments ever devised were first lost, then only partly recovered philologically, and finally rediscovered conceptually, leaving Cicero and Sextus Empiricus as the main champions of Academic and Pyrrhonian scepticism respectively. This chapter outlines what we know about this shipwreck and what was later savaged from it. It cannot provide many details, given its length. And, being a review, it does not try to solve the many puzzles and mysteries still unsolved. But, as an introduction, it does seek to give a general idea of what happened to ancient scepticism in the long span of time occurring between Augustin and Descartes. It is a dozen of centuries of Western philosophy, so a few generalizations, some schematism and a good degree of abstraction from specific information will be inevitable. The reader interested in pursuing further knowledge about the topic is invited to consult Schmitt [1972a], Floridi [2002] and Popkin [2003]. Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages Our story begins with a dramatic loss of memory, roughly in the fourth century. By the time Augustine was writing Contra Academicos, Academic scepticism, transmitted in Latin, had become the brand of scepticism known to philosophers and theologians, at the expense of Pyrrhonism in general and Sextus Empiricus’ Greek texts in particular. -
The Fourth Commandment in the Early Church
COMPASS THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT IN THE EARLY CHURCH DAVID W T BRATTSTON HE OLD TESTAMENT commandment in Smyrna’ addressed in Revelation 2.8, to ‘Honour thy father and thy mother’ where ‘angel’ means any message-bearer, Trecurs frequently in early Christian human or supernatural. teaching. It is on the lips of Jesus in Matthew Origen Adamantius was another important 15.4, Matthew 19.19, Mark 10.19, and Luke witness to early Christian understanding. 18.20. Paul the Apostle cites it in Ephesians Raised in a Christian home, he became dean 6.2. Far from being confined to Jews or the of the world’s foremost institute of Christian Jewish milieu in which the Bible was written, higher learning at an early age, and later the it was restated as a precept of Christian be- most outstanding Bible scholar, preacher, and haviour by two Christian philosophers in teacher of the first half of the third century. Greece—one in AD 125 (Aristides Apology Being called upon by bishops throughout the 15), and the other around AD 177 Middle East as an expert on the Faith, he trav- (Athenagoras Treatise on the Resurrection elled extensively and was therefore better 23)—as also by Bishop Theophilus of Antioch able to observe and record church practice (To Autolycus 3.9) about the same time as in different countries and regions than any Athenagoras, and by Bishop Irenaeus in France other Christian author. In Christianity’s first in the AD 180s (Against Heresies 4.12.5). Also book of systematic theology (On First Prin- in the second century AD, the command to ciples 2.4.2), and his Commentaries on Mat- honour one’s parents was included in a con- thew (11.9), on Romans (2.9.1), and on solidation of the four Gospels and other di- Ephesians (6.1-3), he stated the command- rect teachings of Jesus into a single continu- ment to honour one’s parents was still bind- ous narrative (Diatessaron 28.46). -
NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus
NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff About NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff Title: NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf203.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Print Basis: New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892 Source: Logos Inc. Rights: Public Domain Status: This volume has been carefully proofread and corrected. CCEL Subjects: All; Proofed; Early Church; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Philip Schaff Historical Writings Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii Title Page.. p. 1 Preface.. p. 2 The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret.. p. 3 Title Page.. p. 3 Translator©s Preface.. p. 3 Chronological Tables to accompany the History and Life of Theodoret.. p. 4 Prolegomena.. p. 9 Parentage, Birth, and Education.. p. 9 Episcopate at Cyrus.. p. 13 Relations with Nestorius and to Nestorianism.. p. 15 Under the Ban of Theodosius and of the Latrocinium.. p. 19 Theodoret and Chalcedon.. p. 22 Retirement after Chalcedon, and Death.. p. 24 The Condemnation of ªthe Three Chapters.º. p. 26 The Works of Theodoret.. p. 28 Contents and Character of the Extant Works.. p. 30 Manuscripts and Editions of Separate Works.. p. 41 The Anathemas of Cyril in Opposition to Nestorius.. p. 42 Counter-statements of Theodoret.. p. 43 The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret.. p. 52 Book I. p. 52 Prologue.--Design of the History.