DOCSLIB.ORG

Generated Into Irrationality, Nihilism, and Violence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Generated Into Irrationality, Nihilism, and Violence H-1960s Cannato on Braudy, 'Family Circle: The Boudins and the Aristocracy of the Left' Review published on Tuesday, June 1, 2004 Susan Braudy. Family Circle: The Boudins and the Aristocracy of the Left. New York: Knopf Publishing Group, 2003. xxiv + 460 pp. $27.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-679-43294-4. Reviewed by Vincent Cannato (Department of History, University of Massachusetts, Boston) Published on H-1960s (June, 2004) Left-Wing Aristocrats? What do left-wing journalist I. F. Stone and rapper Tupac Shakur have in common? This unlikely pairing will make sense after reading Susan Braudy'sFamily Circle, a history of former Weather Underground member Kathy Boudin and her illustrious radical family. Family Circle is a Gothic family drama wrapped around a political morality tale. Braudy works backwards from Boudin's imprisonment in a Bedford Hills, New York, prison for her part in the 1981 Brinks robbery that left three people dead. In the process, Braudy draws a convincing portrait of both the Boudin family and the left-wing social and intellectual set in which they moved. The book's central question is: How did Kathy Boudin, the daughter of a prominent lawyer, get involved in such a mess? Braudy begins her tale with Louis B. Boudin, a socialist labor lawyer, and the uncle of Kathy's father, famed civil-liberties lawyer Leonard Boudin. Relying heavily on interviews, most centrally those with Jean Boudin, Leonard's wife and Kathy's mother, Braudy paints a picture of a dysfunctional family rooted in the world of the American intellectual Left. Names like Paul Goodman and Clifford Odets appear as romantic interests in the young lives of both Jean and Leonard (Braudy claims that Leonard Boudin and Goodman carried on a passionate love affair.) Jean's sister married I. F. Stone. But the central figure in the book is Kathy Boudin. We see her at Bryn Mawr and, after college, drifting through the world of SDS and radical politics. This is by far the strongest part of the book, as Braudy captures the fervor of the young radicals. Throughout the book, Kathy is paired with her brother Michael in a sibling rivalry that is stranger than fiction. Where Kathy protested the Vietnam War and veered toward violent revolution, Michael went to Harvard, clerked for conservative Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan, and became a corporate lawyer. Today, Michael Boudin is a Republican-appointed federal judge. Given such a family, it is not surprising that Braudy relies on psychological interpretations of the Boudins. Was Kathy competing with her successful brother for their father's approval? Was Kathy trying to live up to her father's own grandiose image of his family? In Braudy's narrative, Leonard (City College, St. John's University) bonded with Michael, seeing his son's Harvard education as a vindication of the family's greatness. Despite his affinity for radical clients, Leonard appears more taken with Michael's corporate success than with Kathy's radical politics. In her quest to find out what makes Kathy Boudin tick, Braudy says that everything stems from her troubled relationship with Citation: H-Net Reviews. Cannato on Braudy, 'Family Circle: The Boudins and the Aristocracy of the Left'. H-1960s. 04-01-2014. https://networks.h-net.org/node/19474/reviews/19973/cannato-braudy-family-circle-boudins-and-aristocracy-left Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 1 H-1960s her father. What makes Kathy interesting is not just her family and her well-known father, but the fact that she was present during the two most fatal events related to the Weather Underground. The first event came in March 1970, when a naked Kathy Boudin barely escaped with her life after a nail bomb her friends were constructing in their Greenwich Village townhouse exploded prematurely. The bomb killed Kathy's Bryn Mawr friend Diana Oughton and two others. As the Weathermen went "underground," they continued a bombing campaign which targeted the Pentagon, the U.S. Capitol, the home of a New York State judge, and the New York City Police Headquarters. The second event, which occurred more than a decade later, provides the central event of this book. While others in the Weather Underground, like Bill Ayers and Bernadine Dohrn, began to pull themselves away from violence by the mid-1970s, Kathy become involved with a group of radical African Americans whose code name was "the Family." (One leader of "the Family" was Doc Shakur, the stepfather of rapper Tupac Shakur, hence the three degrees of separation from I. F. Stone.) Eventually, Boudin and David Gilbert, an SDS activist at Columbia University and the father of Boudin's child, would aid members of the Family in a holdup of a Brinks truck in Rockland County, New York, in October 1981.[1] A Brinks guard and two Nyack, New York, policemen were murdered during the botched robbery. All of the suspects were eventually arrested and convicted, including Boudin and Gilbert who, although not directly involved in the killings, were part of the planning and getaway. Although Boudin was recently pardoned and released from jail, Gilbert remains in jail. The Boudin pardon reignited old passions regarding Weatherman violence and was bitterly opposed by the families of the dead men and others in the Nyack community. The tragedy was made even more baffling by the fact that the Brinks robbery had little to do with politics--it was motivated primarily by the need of some members of the Family to procure money for drugs. Today, the Weather Underground remains a controversial topic. To some, it is a parable of the excesses of the 1960s, where the earlier idealism of the era degenerated into irrationality, nihilism, and violence. The Weather Underground's obsession with bombs and revolution, then, was a natural progression of their radical politics. To others, the townhouse explosion and Brinks robbery were aberrations, where good people were driven toward mad actions by an immoral war in Vietnam and the other evils of America. "Some will understand that in terrible times, otherwise smart and decent people can commit terrible atrocities," writes New York Daily News columnist and former Columbia SDSer Juan Gonzalez.[2] Others see little wrong with the group's violence. Former Weatherman Bill Ayers seems to believe that he and his conspirators were "freedom fighters" and he wonders how long it will take for his dead comrades from the Greenwich Village townhouse to be so remembered by the nation. Braudy's book does not fit so easily into these categories. Though the book has received largely positive reviews and attention, some have questioned her motivation in writing it. Was Braudy, a scholarship student at Bryn Mawr who lived across the hall from Kathy, envious of the older, self- confident, and well-connected Boudin? Braudy admits she "wilted" during her first encounter with Kathy and her "condescending adult views" during college (pp. xiii-xiv). Citation: H-Net Reviews. Cannato on Braudy, 'Family Circle: The Boudins and the Aristocracy of the Left'. H-1960s. 04-01-2014. https://networks.h-net.org/node/19474/reviews/19973/cannato-braudy-family-circle-boudins-and-aristocracy-left Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 2 H-1960s Predictably, the reviewer for The Nation panned the book, calling it part of the "prevailing dismissal of the protest movements of the 1960s and early '70s." But Braudy's politics appear to be solidly liberal. Though her goal is not to discredit liberalism, the book sheds light on some of the difficulties of the American Left. Nobody comes off well in this book. Leonard is portrayed as someone more concerned about being seen as a great man, a serial philanderer bordering on sexual predator. Jean Boudin is a suicidal, emotionally distant enabler. Even Izzy Stone appears as an intellectual bully. Kathy is a humorless, moralistic scold and her fellow Weathermen come off as pedantic, overbearing, and overly sure of their own brilliance. There is not a single likeable person in the book. These personality issues, according to Braudy, were problematic for their politics: "It was, in fact, a tragic paradox of Kathy's life that Leonard's competitive, ambitious spirit clashed with the egalitarian philosophy he espoused" (p. 119). Class is the underlying issue of much of Braudy's book. Nearly everyone in the Boudin clan came from upper-middle-class families. Devotion to radical politics was made possible by money derived from the successful businesses of parents, while lives dedicated to helping the poor were cushioned by bourgeois comforts. Braudy writes that the life of Louis Boudin, Leonard's beloved uncle, was "buttressed by the objects and security of class privilege, and this anomaly led him to sometimes talk as if he were trying to destroy himself. Seventy-five years later, Kathy Boudin claimed to see her birth to a family of well-to-do whites as an agonizing defect to be obliterated by rationalization, violence, and self-deprivation" (p. 5). In one of the more ironic tidbits in the book, Braudy has young Leonard Boudin collecting rents and evicting working-class tenants during the depths of the Great Depression. For historians, this book joins a small but growing list of books on the Weather Underground.[3] The recent release of a documentary of the group has led to a renewed interest in their history. However, it was poetic justice that the New York Times article publicizing Bill Ayers's slippery 2001 memoir Fugitive Days appeared on the morning of September 11, 2001, a day when Americans were in no mood for romanticized tales of Pentagon bombings.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Extensions of Remarks 10509
    May 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10509 MENT REPORT.-The Secretary shall set forth available to the United States Geological -Page 274, line 1, strike "(b) (1)" and in in each report to the Congress under the Survey, the Bureau of Mines, or any other lieu thereof insert "(c) (2)". Mining and Minerals Policy Act of 1970 a agency or instrumentality of the United Page 333, lines 14 and 15, strike "after the summary of the pertinent information States. date of enactment of this Act". (other than proprietary or other confidential (Additional technical amendments to -Page 275, line 8, change "28" to "27" and information) relating to minerals which is Udall-Anderson substitute (H.R. 3651) .) change "33" to "34". EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A NONFUEL MINERAL POLICY: WE Of course, the usual antagonists are lined These Americans descend from .Japa­ CAN NO LONGER WAIT up on each side of this policy debate. But, nese, Chinese, Korean, and Filipino an­ as Nevada Congressman J. D. Santini points cestors, as well as from Hawaii and t'iher out in our p . 57 feature, their arguments Pacific Islands such as Samoa, Fiji, and HON. JIM SANTINI go by one another like ships in the night with nothing happening-until the lid blows Tahiti. In southern California, where OF NEVADA off. we have the greatest concentration of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But, how do you get the public excited Asian and Pacific Americans anywhere Wednesday, May 9, 1979 about metal shortages? in the Nation, their valuable involvemept Even Congressman Santini's well-meant in the growth and prosperity of our local • Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Path to Revolutionary Violence Within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA
    The Path to Revolutionary Violence within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA Edward Moran HIS 492: Seminar in History December 17, 2019 Moran 1 The 1960’s was a decade defined by a spirit of activism and advocacy for change among oppressed populations worldwide. While the methods for enacting change varied across nations and peoples, early movements such as that for civil rights in America were often committed to peaceful modes of protest and passive resistance. However, the closing years of the decade and the dawn of the 1970’s saw the patterned global spread of increasingly militant tactics used in situations of political and social unrest. The Weather Underground Organization (WUO) in America and the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Ireland, two such paramilitaries, comprised young activists previously involved in the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association (NICRA) respectively. What caused them to renounce the non-violent methods of the Students for a Democratic Society and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association for the militant tactics of the Weather Underground and Irish Republican Army, respectively? An analysis of contemporary source materials, along with more recent scholarly works, reveals that violent state reactions to more passive forms of demonstration in the United States and Northern Ireland drove peaceful activists toward militancy. In the case of both the Weather Underground and the Provisional Irish Republican Army in the closing years of the 1960s and early years of the 1970s, the bulk of combatants were young people with previous experience in more peaceful campaigns for civil rights and social justice.
    [Show full text]
  • How Early Post Office Policy Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine
    Hastings Law Journal Volume 58 | Issue 4 Article 1 1-2007 The rT ansformation of Statutes into Constitutional Law: How Early Post Officeolic P y Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine Anuj C. Desai Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Anuj C. Desai, The Transformation of Statutes into Constitutional Law: How Early Post Officeo P licy Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine, 58 Hastings L.J. 671 (2007). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol58/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Articles The Transformation of Statutes into Constitutional Law: How Early Post Office Policy Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine ANUJ C. DESAI* INTRODUCTION One of the great urban legends on the Internet was "Bill 6o2P."' In the late 199OS it spread like wildfire, and it occasionally makes the rounds again like pleas from Nigerian officials seeking help with their Swiss bank accounts or the story of the $250 Neiman Marcus cookie recipe. The bill, supported by (no doubt soon-to-be-defeated) "Congressman Tony Schnell," would have imposed a five cent tax on each e-mail message. One would be hard put to imagine a more nefarious way for * Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School. Many people read all or large parts of this Article and provided helpful suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • I: to the N~'Iiqnal Grlmlnal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS)
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. • .. -~.• -,- ''''' ....'1 r: .~ ~ .....,J ... J 'IJ'·· . " " ..........~~ ' .... ,...-, 107701- U.S. Departmtnt of JUltlce Nationallnllllute of JUllice 107706 1 This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the .. person or organization originating It. Polnle! of view or opinions stated In this dllcument are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official pOSition or policies of the Natlonallnstllule 01 Justice. \ Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by , FBI LaW Enforcem:m.t Bulletin I: to the N~'IIQnal Grlmlnal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduOtlon outside of Ihe NCJRS system requires permis­ sion oIlhe copyright owner. I' aitJ • haA .. ~"'. ~ Ocfober 1987, Volume 56, Number 11 fiLl l1e f; L,~~l! ~~#Bglf 1 Terrorism Today 107 7 t:)1 Ci By Oliver B. Revell 167702. Domestic Terrorism In the 1980's ~ By John W. Harris, Jr. '. I C)7 7CJ3 The FBI and Terrorism ~ By Steven L. Pomerantz /6770,( Irish Terrorism Investigations E By J.L. Stone, Jr. ( a 770$ ~. Narco-Terrorism -- By Daniel Boyce .,. .. [28"_ FBI's Expanding Role In International Terrorism Investigations By D.F. Martell m Law Enforcement Bulletin United States Department of Justice Published by the Office of Publlo Affairs th.COil.r: Federal Bureau of Investigation Milt Ahlerlch, Acting Assistant Director This I!lsue of the Bullelln Is a specl.1 report on Washington, DC 2Q535 terrorism. Cover design by John E. Ott. Edltor-Thom:ls J. OC:lkln JOhil E. Otto, ActIng DIrector Assistant Editor-Kathryn E.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with Bill Ayers
    Winthrop University Digital Commons @ Winthrop University Browse All Oral History Interviews Oral History Program 4-3-1994 Interview with Bill Ayers William Ayers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/oralhistoryprogram Part of the Oral History Commons Recommended Citation Sixties Radicals, Then and Now: Candid Conversations with Those Who Shaped the Era © 2008 [1995] Ron Chepesiuk by permission of McFarland & Company, Inc., Box 611, Jefferson NC 28640. www.mcfarlandpub.com. This Interview is brought to you for free and open access by the Oral History Program at Digital Commons @ Winthrop University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse All Oral History Interviews by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Winthrop University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOUISE PETTUS ARCHIVES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT Interview #233 AYERS, Bill AYERS, Bill 1960s leader of anti-war movement, educator, and educational reform activist Interviewed: April 3, 1994 Interviewer: Ron Chepesiuk Index by: Alyssa Jones Length: 1 hours, 40 minutes, 54 seconds Abstract: In his April 1994 interview with Ron Chepesiuk, Bill Ayers detailed his part in the 60s Radical Movement. Ayers described his motivations for joining the Students for a Democratic Society community, the Weather Underground, and his eventual leading of the groups. He covered several issues of the anti-war movement, including communism, radicalism, social hierarchies, government distractions, bombings, and the Vietnam War. Ayers focused greatly on educational reform and the educational aspects of joining a social movement. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Weathermen, Radical Feminism and the New Left
    Exploring Women’s Complex Relationship with Political Violence: A Study of the Weathermen, Radical Feminism and the New Left by Lindsey Blake Churchill A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Women’s Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Marilyn Myerson, Ph.D. Ruth Banes, Ph.D. Sara Crawley, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 1, 2005 Keywords: revolution, weather underground, valerie solanas, robin morgan, jane alpert, gilda zwerman, ti-grace atkinson, bernadine dohrn © Copyright 2005, Lindsey Blake Churchill Table of Contents Abstract ii Introduction 1 Chapter One: SDS 7 The Explosive Convention 11 Wannabe Revolutionaries 18 Chapter Two: Feminism’s Critique 24 Radical-Cultural Feminism 30 Pacifist Feminists 33 Chapter Three: Violent Feminists 35 Female Terrorists 42 Chapter Four: Conclusion 52 References 54 i Exploring Women’s Complex Relationship with Violence: A Study of the Weathermen, Radical Feminism and the New Left Lindsey Blake Churchill ABSTRACT In this thesis I use the radical, pro-violent organization the Weathermen as a framework to examine women and feminism’s complex relationships with violence. My thesis attempts to show the many belief systems that second wave feminists possessed concerning the role(s) of women and violence in revolutionary organizations. Hence, by using the Weathermen as a framework, I discuss various feminist essentialist and pacifist critiques of violence. I also include an analysis of feminists who, similar to the Weathermen, embraced political violence. For example, radical feminists Robin Morgan and Jane Alpert criticized the Weathermen’s violent tactics while other feminists such as Ti-Grace Atkinson and Valerie Solanas advocated that women “pick up the gun” in order to destroy patriarchal society.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Turning Points in Columbia's History
    COLUMBIA columbia university DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE VENTURES OUR PAST ENGAGED: FOUR TURNING POINTS IN COLUMBIA’S HISTORY April 27, 2004 ROBERT McCAUGHEY COLUMBIA '68: A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF STUDENT POWER Welcome and Introduction Eric Foner: Hello everybody. And welcome to the fourth of the four panels' lectures, "Our Past Engaged: Four Turning Points in Columbia's Recent History." I notice that we have a group of guests here. I'm not sure what they are planning or hoping to do, but as long as they are peaceful and quiet and do not disrupt the proceedings, if they want to sit there it's fine with me. On the other hand, I hope and expect that the discussion will go on in the way that we expect here at the University, in a reasoned and academic manner. I was also asked to announce that the previous lectures in this series, as well as much supporting material about the 250th anniversary of Columbia University, is available on the Columbia 250 Web site, which can be accessed through the Columbia Web site—the home page—which you all probably know about. So I'm Eric Foner from the history department, and I've been asked to be the moderator. I'm very happy to be here tonight. And the first thing that I want to do is to identify Professor Robert McCaughey, who is the speaker tonight, but also to indicate that he has really been the one who has organized these sessions. He's written a most remarkable, wonderful book on the history of Columbia, Stand Columbia, and he has been the person who introduced the previous three speakers.
    [Show full text]
  • Amanda Nash Went Right to the Source: the Author
    The Women’s Review of Books Vol. XXI, No. 2 November 2003 74035 $4.00 In This Issue Even in the case of an artist like Louise Bourgeois, who has written extensively about the origins of her artworks in her life experience, the relationship between memory and art is never transparent or straight- forward, says reviewer Patricia G. Berman. Cover story D In The Fifth Book of Peace, her “nonfiction-fiction-nonfiction sandwich,” Maxine Hong Kingston experiments with new narrative forms, forgoing the excitement of conflict in an attempt to encom- pass the experience of peace and community. p. 5 Louise Bourgeois in her Brooklyn studio in 1993, with To find out what makes 3, Julie Shredder (1983) and Spider (then in progress). From Hilden’s novel of sexual obsession Runaway Girl: The Artist Louise Bourgeois and experimentation, so haunting, reviewer Amanda Nash went right to the source: The author. Art and autobiography Interview, p. 11 by Patricia G. Berman Could Hillary Rodham Clinton Three books examine the career of artist Louise Bourgeois became America’s first woman presi- dent? Judith Nies reads the senator’s n Christmas day 2003, the artist like environment suggestive of pulsating memoir Living History—along with Louise Bourgeois will turn 92. Her viscera, and I Do, I Undo, I Redo (2000), the other new books that examine O vitality, wit, and ability to fuse titanically scaled steel towers that initiated excess with elegance continue to rival the the Turbine Hall of the Tate Modern in women’s political leadership in this works of artists one-third her age.
    [Show full text]
  • Winslow, Barbara
    Voices of Feminism Oral History Project Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Northampton, MA BARBARA WINSLOW Interviewed by KATE WEIGAND May 3–4, 2004 Williamstown, Massachusetts This interview was made possible with generous support from the Ford Foundation. © Sophia Smith Collection 2004 Narrator Barbara Winslow (b. 1945) grew up in Scarsdale, New York. She attended Antioch College for three years but graduated from the University of Washington with a B.A. in 1968 and a Ph.D. in history in 1972. A student and antiwar activist, she was instrumental in founding Women’s Liberation Seattle and was heavily involved in grassroots feminist activity, particularly reproductive rights, in Seattle, Detroit, Cleveland, and New York City. Active in socialist and feminist politics for many years, Winslow was also at the forefront of the movement to integrate women, African Americans, and the working class into the teaching of history in the 1970s. She is currently teaching history and women’s studies at Brooklyn College. Interviewer Kate Weigand (b. 1965) has a Ph.D. in women’s history and U.S. history from Ohio State University. She is author of Red Feminism: American Communism and the Making of Women’s Liberation (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001). Abstract In this oral history Barbara Winslow describes her privileged childhood Westchester County, New York, and at Solebury Academy in Pennsylvania. The interview focuses on Winslow’s activism as a socialist, a feminist, and a historian. Her story documents the life of a socialist activist and feminist and the challenges that come with combining those two identities with one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Donald Kalish Papers LSC.0578
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8x06bbs No online items Finding Aid for the Donald Kalish Papers LSC.0578 UCLA Library Special Collections staff, 2004-2006; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé. Additions processed by Krystell Jimenez in the Center for Primary Research and Training (CFPRT) in 2018, under the supervision of Angel Diaz. UCLA Library Special Collections Online finding aid last updated 27 July 2018. Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 [email protected] URL: https://www.library.ucla.edu/special-collections Finding Aid for the Donald Kalish LSC.0578 1 Papers LSC.0578 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: UCLA Library Special Collections Title: Donald Kalish papers Creator: Kalish, Donald Identifier/Call Number: LSC.0578 Physical Description: 91.2 Linear Feet(228 boxes) Date (bulk): 1927-2000 Abstract: Donald Kalish, born December 4, 1919, was a logician, UCLA professor, and anti-war activist. His areas of expertise included logic and set theory. Kalish was known for his activism and opposition to the Vietnam War, as well as US military involvement in Central America and for hiring Angela Davis in 1969. This collection consists of materials related to Kalish's writings, teaching career, research, political activities, and personal life. The papers include course materials, lecture notes, correspondence, scrapbooks, political ephemera, newspaper clippings, photographs, and audio tapes. Language of Material: Materials are in English. Stored off-site at SRLF. All requests to access special collections material must be made in advance using the request button located on this page.
    [Show full text]
  • Therefore We Also, Since We Are Surrounded By
    the June 2010 journal Volume 10 Issue #6 IN THIS ISSUE: » pg. 2 | Summit Oxford Update: Michael Ward » pg. 3 | Letter from the Editor: David A. Noebel » pg. 4 | Highlights from around the Globe * Christianity, Economics, Climate Change, and Politics * More articles can be found in the online version of The Journal at summit.org “Therefore we also, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses [i.e., ‘heroes of the faith’], let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which so easily ensnares us, and let us run with en- durance the race that is set before us, looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith.” —Hebrews 12:1–2 (NKJV) SUMMIT OXFORD UPDATE 2 a word from Revd Michael Ward, author of Planet Narnia C.S. Lewis on Christian Scholarship Stepping up to the next rung, we see that Lewis’s pro- by Michael Ward fessional scholarship as a literary critic was Christian be- cause, even though it never explicitly espoused Christian- As an Englishman living and working in Oxford, I meet ity, it rested on the assumption that Christianity is true. As a great number of Americans. Many are members of Ox- he wrote in an essay called ‘Christian Apologetics’: ford University; many are tourists. In the past two years I have greatly enjoyed getting to know a particularly fine What we want is not more little books about Christianity, example of the species: the Summit American. but more little books by Christians on other subjects — I now have lectured several times for the Summit Ox- with their Christianity latent.
    [Show full text]
  • Bombing for Justice: Urban Terrorism in New York City from the 1960S Through the 1980S
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research John Jay College of Criminal Justice 2014 Bombing for Justice: Urban Terrorism in New York City from the 1960s through the 1980s Jeffrey A. Kroessler John Jay College of Criminal Justice How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_pubs/38 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Bombing for Justice: Urban Terrorism in New York City from the 1960s through to the 1980s Jeffrey A. Kroessler John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York ew York is no stranger to explosives. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Black Hand, forerunners of the Mafia, planted bombs at stores and residences belonging to successful NItalians as a tactic in extortion schemes. To combat this evil, the New York Police Department (NYPD) founded the Italian Squad under Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino, who enthusiastically pursued those gangsters. Petrosino was assassinated in Palermo, Sicily, while investigating the criminal back- ground of mobsters active in New York. The Italian Squad was the gen- esis of today’s Bomb Squad. In the early decades of the twentieth century, anarchists and labor radicals planted bombs, the most devastating the 63 64 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement noontime explosion on Wall Street in 1920. That crime was never solved.1 The city has also had its share of lunatics.
    [Show full text]