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VOLUME 3 FOURTH QUARTER, 1993 NUMBER 4 ADVENTIST PIONEER LIBRARY "We have nothing to fearfor the future, except as we shallforget the way the Lordhas led us, andHis teaching in our past history. " LS 196 MOHAMMED, 560-632 A.D. ..6\ ~em{[fk([ble PROPIIE-- n the year 1840 another remarkable fulfillment ofprophecy excited widespread interest. T.wo @ years before, Josiah Litch, one of the leading ministers preachingthe secondadvent,published an exposition ofRevelation 9, predictingthe fall ofthe Ottoman Empire. According to his calcu­ lations, this power was to be overthrown "in A.D. 1840, sometime in the month ofAugust;" and only a few days previous to its accomplish­ ment he wrote: "Allowing the first period, 150 years, to have been exactly fulfilled before Josiah Litch Diacozes ascendedthe throne by permissionofthe Turks,andthatthe 391 years, fifteen days, commenced at the close ofthe first period, it will end on the 11th ofAugust, 1840, when the Ottoman power in Constantinople may be expected predicts the to be broken. And this, I believe, will be found to be the case."-Josiah Litch, in Signs ofthe Times, and Expositor ofProphecy, Aug. 1, 1840. At the very time specified,Turkey,throughherambassadors,acceptedthe Fall of the protection of the allied powers of Europe, and thus placed herself under the control of Christian nations. The event exactly fulfilled the prediction .... When it became known, multitudes were convinced ofthe correctness ofthe principles ofprophetic interpretation adopted by Miller and his associates, and Ottoman a wonderful impetus was given to the advent movement. Men oflearning and position united with Miller, both in preaching and in publishing his views, and from 1840 to 1844 the work rapidly extended.• Empire. The Great Controversy,pp. 334,335. IN THIS ISSUE: JOSIAH LITCH, his place in the Millerite Movement and his interpretation ofthe prophecies ofRevelation 9. PAGE 2 4th Quarter, 1993 PULL OUT CENTER SHEETTO VIEW Born PAGES 2 & 7. • ••• TIlE Qlc, .......... 1\LL of AS INTERPRETED 5th Trumpet begins'>----------- First "woe" -------------­ 1 622 632 732 I ! 1 Injust one century,---.J 1-Islam spreads through­ I outPersia, Syria, Egypt, I Africa,and Spain. I Verses 3,7,8 describe the Muslim Mohammed dies, his followers army's appearance and methods. continue conquering territory. July27: Othmanbecomes Sultan,invadesGreek Mohammed, the great Arabian leader, enters Medina, gains followers & be­ Empire, part of Eastern Roman Empire, and gins extending his power. succeedsinconsolidatingprincipalMuslimtribes into one monarchy. ! I .I Verse 1: "Fallen star" given key to bottomless pit. See Rev. 1:20. Star = religious minister. Fallen = Verses 5,10: Prophetic period of5 months hereticalorfallenminister. IdentifiedasMohammed. (150 years) oftorrnentbegins with establish­ ment ofEmpire. Mohammedism spreads. ,I I Verse 2: "He (Mohammed) opened the bottomless I pit," releasing "the smoke of the pit," (cloud of Verse II: Othman is identified as "king over errors) which "darkened the sun" (gospel light) and them," whose names in Hebrew, "Abaddon" "the air" (Christian influence.) (destroyer) and in Greek,"Apollyon,' (exter­ minator), aptly describe this period ofdomi­ nation by Muslim Sultans. Verse 4: Commanded not to hurt the grass, green things, or trees-meaning Christians; but only "those men which have not the seal of God,"-meaning infidels, heathen. *Litch, J., "TheThreeWo Trumpets, Fallofthe Ottoman Empire, or OttomanSupremacy departed, August II, 1840," The Midnight Cry,January 6, 1843, pp.7-10; and "The Rise and Ptogress of Adventism," TheAdvent Shield, May, 1844, PI'. 46-93. Moon, J.,Josiah Litch: Herald of "TheAdvent Near, " Andrews University S.D.A. Theological Seminary, May, 1973,53 pages. LEST WE FORGET 4th Quarter, 1993 PAGE 3 RID TE LE ERSIIIP hen William preacher was later to be referred to promoter and defender ofthe Miller started as the Uriah Smith ofthe Millerite Second Advent Movement. One preaching that movement. example oftheir wise leadership is Christ would come Between November and the list ofnine specific sugges­ in 1843, he fully December of 1839, Joshua V. tions to believers regarding how to believed the churches would Himes also joined Miller [See accomplish the solemn task of receive the message with joy and LWF Volume 2:4.], and with Litch witnessing about the nearness of proclaim it everywhere. Seven became united in an informal the Lord's coming. These nine years later, in early 1838, Miller leadership ofthe movement. suggestions formed part ofan was tired, ill, and discouraged. It Miller continued as the central address drafted at the second was evident the message was figure with the key prophetic Advent Conference, June 15, unpopular. Miller didn't know message; Himes-as the dynamic 1841, and were, in effect, a strat­ that God was already leading in publisher and public relations egy for non-sectarian evangelism. the lives oftwo men who would manager; and Litch-as the great [See center box.] soon become his co-workers One evidence ofLitch's forming a triumvirate leadership leadership, daring, and faith was for the great advent movement STRATEGY FOR the decision to rent the great that was destined to rock the EVANGELlSM'~ Chinese Museum Auditorium in forties. By J. V. Himes & J. Litch Philadelphia which seated six Miller's lectures had been I. Maintain personal consccra­ thousand. William Miller lectured published in 1836,1 but all the tion, watchfulness and pruyer. twice a day, for nearly two weeks ministers who believed the view 2. Conduct onc-on-onc convcrsa­ in the over-crowded building. previous to 1838, relapsed and tion about the second coming of Litch reported that this campaign abandoned preaching it, except for Christ. rocked Philadelphia from center to a certain Elder Fuller ofwhom 3. Form Bible study classes, circumference. little is known. "The current of -to Schedule social meetings for With the blessing ofGod and public opinion was too strong for 'J prayer and preaching. in the power ofthe Holy Spirit, them...."2 5. Question ministers as to thc this triumvirate leadership worked At this precise moment, God meaning of certain key texts. an astounding increase and spread enlisted in the cause a powerful 6. Circulate the Advent books. ofthe message just as Himes preacher and student ofBible but in this to ncglcct neither a predicted in his famous words, Prophecy, Elder Josiah Litch. He preparation for the second com­ "...doors shall be opened in every had read Miller's lectures and was ing. nor one's earthly business. city in the Union; and the warning impressed in a dream to preach the 7. Remain in the churches and shall go to the ends ofthe earth." message. When he decided to do seek to bring about a more posi­ -MS • (1)(2) Litch, this, he wrote"...[1was] alone, as tin attitude regarding the sec­ J., "Rise and Progress ofAdventism," an advocate ofthe doctrine, [but ond coming. The Advent Shield, May, 1844,p. 80, 81. (3) not discouraged]...by the report S. Endure persecution, opposi­ that Mr. Fitch had given it up." Ibid., p. 56. tion. and scorn with patience. (4) Moon, J., Josiah Litch: Herald of Josiah Litch is therefore consid­ 9. Establish Second Advent Li­ ered by most historians to be the 'The Advent Near, " Andrews Uni­ braries in all towns and villages. versity Thesis, May, 1973,p. 6. "first well-known minister to adopt Source: Nichols. F.D .. Ille .\fidlligh! (5) Nichols, F.D., The Midnight Cry, Miller's views, and the first to Crl'. Review and Ilcruld Publishina Review and Herald Publishing join him as a full-time ministerial Associution, Wnshingion, D.l".. 19..j...r, Association, Takoma Park, Washing­ associate." This talented p, Xf>. X7. ton, D.C., 1944,p. 72. ,~ PUI'Ujl!ll'used mQI~E & fALL of~ JOSIAII LITCII bp olftrrhniJ QiJtdl1l17e§ .AII'-~""""" hat a dream! Josiah trembled as he ofChrist About A.D. 1843," in which he pre- remembered its forceful message. dicted the fall ofthe Otto- Why did he have this dream? What did man Empire in August of it mean? How would it effect his future? 1840, as a direct fulfillment ofthe prophecies ofRev­ Early Glimpses elation, chapter nine. This Josiah Litch was born in Higham, awakened a great deal of Massachusets, in 1809. We know little about his interest throughout the early life and training except that he was con­ northeast and, as the time verted at age 17, that at one time he studied to be approached, many oppo­ a physician, and that he became an itinerant nents declared that the minister for the Methodist Episcopal Church event would not occur, and when he was 24 years old. Through his prolific that "then the spell would writings it is evident his formal education was be broken, and Adventism more than adequate. He became a man ofconvic­ would die." Infidels were tion who had the "courage to advocate what he ready to jest; while believ­ believed to be truth." I ers trembled for fear that it In early 1838, as he skeptically read Miller's should not come to pass as Lectures, he was convicted ofits truth. The anticipated. More impor­ arguments were so clear, simple, and scriptural tantly, ifthis prophecy were that his own great arguments against the coming fulfilled as predicted, many ofthe Lord vanished and he was delighted with thought it would corrobo­ the idea ofthe glorious reign ofChrist on a rate Miller's use ofthe renewed earth.' He then reasoned with himself, year-day principle in "Ifthis doctrine is true, shouldn't I try to under­ interpreting the 2300 days stand and proclaim it!" He resisted this convic­ ofDanieI8:14. JOSIAH LIT( tion, however, fearing that, ifJesus did not come When the Ottoman as predicted, his having preached the doctrine Empire effectively lost its independence on the would hurt his reputation.
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