PAK: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment
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Environmental Impact Assessment October 2013 PAK: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program–Tranche 2 (Hasanabdal–Havelian Section) Prepared by National Highway Authority, Ministry of Communication, Islamic Republic of Pakistan for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in March 2012 available on http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/national-highway-development-sector-investment- program-tranche-3 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 26 October 2013 ) Currency Unit – Pakistan rupee/s (PRs) PRs1.00 = $0.00944 $1.00 = PRs 105.875 ABBREVIATIONS ASTM – American Society of Testing Materials APHA – American Public Health Association AKM – Avenue Kilometer BOD – Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand BDL – Below Detection Limit BHU – Basic Health Unit OC – Degree Centigrade CC – Construction Contractor CO – Carbon Monoxide COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand dB (A) – Decibel DCR – District Census Report DC – Design Consultant EA – Environmental Assessment EE – Environmental Engineer EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Agency EPD – Environment Protection Department EPO – Environmental Protection Ordinance ESR – Environmental Sensitive Receiver GHG – Green House Gases GOP – Government of Pakistan IEE – Initial Environmental Examination km – kilometer NEQS – National Environmental Quality Standards NESPAK – National Engineering Services Pakistan NHA – National Highways Authority NOx – Nitrogen Oxides NGO – Non Governmental Organization NSR – Noise Sensitive Receiver NSL – Natural Surface Level OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAPs – Project Affected Persons PEPA – Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PNCS – Pakistan National Conservation Strategy PM – Particulate Matter PPC – Pakistan Penal Code ROW – right-of-way SC – Supervision Consultant SOx – Sulfur Oxides TA – Technical Assistance TSS – Total Suspended Solids UC – Union Council UCC – Upper Chenab Canal USEPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency WHO – World Health Organization NOTE{S} (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and its agencies ends on 30 June.} (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents Environmental Impact Assessment of Hasanabdal – Havelian Section of E-35 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Hasanabdal – Havelian Section of E-35 Table of Contents # Description Page List of Abbreviation i Table of Contents ii SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background 1-1 1.1 Scope of Study 1-2 1.2 Study Objectives 1-3 1.3 Requirement of EIA Study for the Proposed Project 1-3 1.4 The Proponent and Consultant 1-4 1.5 Study Team 1-4 1.6 Study Approach & Methodology 1-5 1.6.1 Study Approach 1-5 1.6.2 Methodology 1-5 1.7 Components of the Report 1-9 SECTION 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS 2.1 General 2-1 2.2 Government Environmental Policy and Legal Framework 2-1 2.2.1 National Environment Policy, 2005 2-1 2.2.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 2-1 2.2.3 Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Regulations, 2000 2-2 2.2.4 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000 2-4 2.2.5 Cutting of Trees Act, 1975 2-5 2.2.6 The Antiquities Act, 1975 2-5 2.2.7 Land Acquisition Act 1894 2-5 2.2.8 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 2-5 2.2.9 Explosives Act, 1884 2-5 2.2.10 Highways Safety Ordinance, 2000 2-5 _______________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK iii April, 2012 Table of Contents Environmental Impact Assessment of Hasanabdal – Havelian Section of E-35 # Description Page 2.2.11 Motor Vehicle Rules, 1969 2-6 2.2.12 Regulations of Mines and Oil Fields and Mineral Development Act, 1948 2-6 2.3 Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2-6 2.4 Asian Development Bank (ADB) 2-7 2.4.1 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 2-8 2.5 Administrative Framework 2-9 2.5.1 National Highway Authority (NHA) 2-9 2.5.2 Environmental Protection Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa 2-10 2.5.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Forest Department 2-10 2.5.4 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Department 2-10 2.5.5 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Revenue Department 2-11 2.5.6 District Environment Offices 2-11 2.5.7 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 2-12 SECTION 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.0 General 3-1 3.1 Objectives of the Proposed Project 3-1 3.2 Location of the Project Area 3-2 3.3 Project Administrative Jurisdiction 3-2 3.4 Project Implementation Schedule 3-2 3.5 Cost of the Project 3-3 3.6 Components of the Project 3-3 3.7 Geometric Design of the Proposed Road Project 3-4 3.8 Civil Works 3-5 3.9 Traffic Forecast 3-6 3.9.1 Traffic Projection for Package-I & II 3-6 3.9.2 Traffic Projections for Package-III 3-8 3.10 Construction Materials 3-9 3.10.1 Barrow Soil for Embankment 3-9 3.10.2 Borrow Material for Sub Base 3-9 3.10.3 Water 3-11 3.10.4 Asphalt, Reinforcement and Cement 3-12 _______________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK iv April, 2012 Table of Contents Environmental Impact Assessment of Hasanabdal – Havelian Section of E-35 # Description Page 3.11 Construction Camps 3-12 3.12 Manpower Requirements 3-12 3.13 Construction Equipment 3-13 SECTION 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4.0 General 4-1 4.1 Physical Environment 4-1 4.1.1 Topography and Drainage 4-1 4.1.2 Geology and Soil 4-3 4.1.3 Climate 4-4 4.1.4 Air Quality 4-7 4.1.5 Noise 4-8 4.1.6 Surface Water and Groundwater 4-10 4.1.7 Hydrology 4-14 4.1.8 Seismicity 4-14 4.1.9 Agriculture and Crop Pattern 4-14 4.1.10 Landuse 4-16 4.1.11 Industrial and Commercial Activities 4-16 4.2 Biodiversity and Natural Resources 4-16 4.2.1 Flora 4-16 4.2.2 Fauna 4-19 4.2.3 Endangered Fauna 4-22 4.2.4 Critical Habitats 4-22 2.2.5 Modified Habitats 4-23 4.3 Socio-Economic Environment 4-23 4.3.1 Socio-Economic Survey of Project Affectees 4-24 4.3.2 Consultation and Participation Process 4-24 4.3.3 Baseline Information 4-25 4.4 Gender Issues and Analysis 4-31 4.5 Culture and Tradition 4-32 4.6 Public Concerns Regarding the Project Execution 4-32 _______________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK v April, 2012 Table of Contents Environmental Impact Assessment of Hasanabdal – Havelian Section of E-35 # Description Page 4.7 Community Health and Safety 4-33 4.8 Physical Cultural Resources 4-33 SECTION 5: ALTERNATIVES 5.0 General 5-1 5.1 Zero Alternative ‘No Project Option’ 5-1 5.2 Alternative-II ‘Other Transport Modes’ 5-2 5.3 Alternative-III ‘Construction of an Expressway (E-35)’ 5-3 5.4 Alternative-IV ‘Alignment through Taxila M-1 to Chechian Interchange’ 5-3 5.5 Comparison Analysis of Alternatives 5-4 5.6 Overview of Alternative Analysis 5-8 SECTION 6: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.0 General 6-1 6.1 Environmental Sensitivity Map 6-2 6.2 Pre-Construction/Design Phase 6-2 6.2.1 Topography 6-3 6.2.2 Land Acquisition and Resettlement 6-3 6.2.3 Changes in Land Value 6-3 6.2.4 Social Issues 6-3 6.2.5 Physical Cultural Resources 6-5 6.2.6 Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resource Management 6-6 6.2.7 Air Quality and Noise Level 6-6 6.2.8 Solid Waste Management 6-7 6.2.9 Excavation of Earth 6-7 6.2.10 Public Utilities 6-8 6.2.11 Change in Hydrologic Regime 6-8 6.2.12 Loss of Agricultural Land 6-8 6.2.13 Surface and Ground Water 6-9 6.3 Construction Phase 6-9 6.3.1 Topography 6-9 _______________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK vi April, 2012 Table of Contents Environmental Impact Assessment of Hasanabdal – Havelian Section of E-35 # Description Page 6.3.2 Soil 6-10 6.3.3 Blasting 6-11 6.3.5 Physical Cultural Resources 6-12 6.3.6 Construction Camps/Camp Sites 6-12 6.3.7 Health and Safety 6-15 6.3.8 Borrow/ Open Pits 6-17 6.3.9 Pollution Prevention and Abatement 6-18 6.3.10 Resource Conservation 6-29 6.3.11 Energy Efficiency 6-29 6.3.12 Surface and Groundwater 6-30 6.3.13 Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resource Management 6-32 6.3.14 Disposal of Mucking Material 6-35 6.3.15 Disruption of Existing Public Utilities/ Infrastructure 6-35 6.3.16 Traffic Management 6-35 6.3.17 Waste Disposal 6-36 6.3.18 Economic Activity 6-36 6.3.19 Lifestyle and Culture 6-37 6.3.20 Wastage of Fertile Plough Layer 6-37 6.3.21 Impacts of Heavy Vehicles on the Existing Road Network 6-38 6.4 Anticipated Impacts during Operational Phase 6-38 6.4.1 Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resource Management 6-38 6.4.2 Surface and Groundwater 6-41 6.4.3 Pollution Prevention and Abatement 6-41 6.4.4 Road Safety 6-43 6.4.5 Deterioration of Vehicles 6-43 6.4.6 Landscape 6-43 6.4.7 Community Development 6-44 SECTION 7: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 7.0 General 7-1 7.1 Economic Benefits 7-1 7.2 Environmental Costs 7-1 _______________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK vii April, 201 Table of Contents Environmental Impact Assessment of Hasanabdal –