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Know Your Heritage Introductory Essays on Primary Sources of Sikhism
KNOW YOUR HERIGAGE INTRODUCTORY ESSAYS ON PRIMARY SOURCES OF SIKHISM INSTITUTE OF S IKH S TUDIES , C HANDIGARH KNOW YOUR HERITAGE INTRODUCTORY ESSAYS ON PRIMARY SOURCES OF SIKHISM Dr Dharam Singh Prof Kulwant Singh INSTITUTE OF S IKH S TUDIES CHANDIGARH Know Your Heritage – Introductory Essays on Primary Sikh Sources by Prof Dharam Singh & Prof Kulwant Singh ISBN: 81-85815-39-9 All rights are reserved First Edition: 2017 Copies: 1100 Price: Rs. 400/- Published by Institute of Sikh Studies Gurdwara Singh Sabha, Kanthala, Indl Area Phase II Chandigarh -160 002 (India). Printed at Adarsh Publication, Sector 92, Mohali Contents Foreword – Dr Kirpal Singh 7 Introduction 9 Sri Guru Granth Sahib – Dr Dharam Singh 33 Vars and Kabit Swiyyas of Bhai Gurdas – Prof Kulwant Singh 72 Janamsakhis Literature – Prof Kulwant Singh 109 Sri Gur Sobha – Prof Kulwant Singh 138 Gurbilas Literature – Dr Dharam Singh 173 Bansavalinama Dasan Patshahian Ka – Dr Dharam Singh 209 Mehma Prakash – Dr Dharam Singh 233 Sri Gur Panth Parkash – Prof Kulwant Singh 257 Sri Gur Partap Suraj Granth – Prof Kulwant Singh 288 Rehatnamas – Dr Dharam Singh 305 Know your Heritage 6 Know your Heritage FOREWORD Despite the widespread sweep of globalization making the entire world a global village, its different constituent countries and nations continue to retain, follow and promote their respective religious, cultural and civilizational heritage. Each one of them endeavours to preserve their distinctive identity and take pains to imbibe and inculcate its religio- cultural attributes in their younger generations, so that they continue to remain firmly attached to their roots even while assimilating the modern technology’s influence and peripheral lifestyle mannerisms of the new age. -
Namdhari Calendar Dates (2017) – According to Bikrami Calendar (2073/74) Bikram Samwat Is the Calendar Established by Indian Emperor Vikramaditya
Namdhari Calendar Dates (2017) – According to Bikrami Calendar (2073/74) Bikram Samwat is the calendar established by Indian Emperor Vikramaditya. It is a solar calendar based on ancient Hindu tradition. The Bikram Sambat calendar is 56.7 years ahead of the solar Gregorian calendar. The dates here are taken from on Khalsa Hira Jantri 2017 and subject to change. www.kukasikhs.com & www.namdhari-world.com Thu 5 January 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Gobind Singh Ji Fri 13 January 2017 Lohri Sat 14 January 2017 Mela Magi Mukatsar Sat 14 January 2017 Sangrand (Maagh) Tue 17 January 2017 Shaheedi Mela Malerkotla (17&18 Jan) Wed 18 January 2017 Pardesh Gavan – Sri Satguru Ram Singh Ji Wed 1 February 2017 Basant Panchmi & Parkash Diwas Satguru Ram Singh Ji Thu 9 February 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Har Rai Ji Sun 12 February 2017 Sangrand (Phagun) Fri 24 February 2017 Maha Shivratri Sun 12 March 2017 Holi Sun 12 March 2017 Hola Start (Sri Bhaini Sahib) Sun 12 March 2017 Parkash Diwas Satguru Balak Singh Ji Tue 14 March 2017 Sangrand (Chet) Wed 15 March 2017 Parkash Diwas Satguru Partap Singh Ji Thu 16 March 2017 Hola Finish (Sri Bhaini Sahib) Fri 31 March 2017 Joti Jot Guru Angad Dev Ji Sat 1 April 2017 Joti Jot Guru Har Gobind Ji Tue 4 April 2017 Sri Mata Chand Kaur Ji Diwas Wed 5 April 2017 Ramnavmi Sun 9 April 2017 Joti Jot Guru Har Krishan Ji Thu 13 April 2017 Mela Vaisakhi Thu 13 April 2017 Sangrand (Vaisakh) Sun 16 April 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Teg Bhadhur Ji Tue 18 April 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Arjan Dev Ji Thu 27 April 2017 Parkash Diwas Satguru -
2008-09 Panchanga Data Jammu
New Nanakshahi Calendar Pal Singh Purewal 3855-47th Street Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Summary Shromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee has decided to implement the new Reformed Nanakshahi Calendar from 1999 CE. The changes were recommended by the Calendar Reform Committee under the aegis of The Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh. In this article these changes and why they were necessary are discussed. Introduction Calendars are an important part of the The Problem culture of a nation. The religious festivals, 1. The Bikarami Calendar is luni- celebrations, the sowing season, the harvest solar, which means its one part is solar season, recording of dates of events, and according to which all Sangrands planning for the future are all related to (sankrantis ), the first day of the month, are calendars. For this reason all major nations of decided; and the other part is lunar which the world evolved their own calendars. determines tithis ( sudis and vadis ) according Hindus have their Bikarami, and Saka to which dates of all gurpurbs are determined. calendars, the Christians have the Gregorian The problem with the solar part is that Calendar (which these days is called Common Vaisakhi has shifted in relation to seasons . Era), Muslims have the Hijri calendar, even According to Surya Siddhantic calculations Bahais, whose faith started only in the Vaisakhi occurred on the day of the Spring beginning of 19 th century having now a Equinox in 532 CE i. Now a days the Spring population of 5 million all over the world, Equinox occurs on 20 / 21 March, but have a calendar of their own. -
Universal Relevance of Guru Granth Sahib by Col (Dr) Dalvinder Singh Grewal
Universal Relevance of Guru Granth Sahib By Col (Dr) Dalvinder Singh Grewal Awal Allah noor upaaia kudrat ke sab bande Eik noor te sab jag upjeya kaun bhale ko mande. (1349) (From the One and the same Light, the entire universe came into existence. How can there be good or bad among them?) “I have studied the scriptures of great religions, but I do not find elsewhere the same power of appeal to the heart and mind as I find in these volumes (of Sri Guru Granth Sahib ).” - Pearl S. Buck, Noble Laureate “In the coming religious debate, the Sikh religion and its scripture, Guru Granth, will have something special of value to say to the rest of the world.” - Arnold Toynbee, historian “It would rank almost first in the world. Of no other religion can it be said that it has made a nation in so short a time.” - Dorothy Field n 10 December 1948, UNO General Assembly passed Maati eik aneik bhaant kar saaji saajanhaarey resolution No. 217-A on human rights stating, “All O . human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Na kachh poch maatee ke bhaandei na kachh poch kumbhaarei They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act Sabh meh sacha eiko soee tis ka keeya sab kachh hoee towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.” Hukam pachhanei su eiko jaanei bandaa kahee-e-i soee Allaah alakh na jaaee lakhia gur gurh deena meethaa Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Supreme Sikh Scripture, already Keh Kabir meri sanka naasee sarab niranjan deethaa (1350) preaches all this vehemently and in much clearer and stronger terms. -
The Calendars of India
The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5. -
The Indian Luni-Solar Calendar and the Concept of Adhik-Maas
Volume -3, Issue-3, July 2013 The Indian Luni-Solar Calendar and the giving rise to alternative periods of light and darkness. All human and animal life has evolved accordingly, Concept of Adhik-Maas (Extra-Month) keeping awake during the day-light but sleeping through the dark nights. Even plants follow a daily rhythm. Of Introduction: course some crafty beings have turned nocturnal to take The Hindu calendar is basically a lunar calendar and is advantage of the darkness, e.g., the beasts of prey, blood– based on the cycles of the Moon. In a purely lunar sucker mosquitoes, thieves and burglars, and of course calendar - like the Islamic calendar - months move astronomers. forward by about 11 days every solar year. But the Hindu calendar, which is actually luni-solar, tries to fit together The next natural clock in terms of importance is the the cycle of lunar months and the solar year in a single revolution of the Earth around the Sun. Early humans framework, by adding adhik-maas every 2-3 years. The noticed that over a certain period of time, the seasons concept of Adhik-Maas is unique to the traditional Hindu changed, following a fixed pattern. Near the tropics - for lunar calendars. For example, in 2012 calendar, there instance, over most of India - the hot summer gives way were 13 months with an Adhik-Maas falling between to rain, which in turn is followed by a cool winter. th th August 18 and September 16 . Further away from the equator, there were four distinct seasons - spring, summer, autumn, winter. -
Substantial and Substantive Corporeality in the Body Discourses of Bhakti Poets
Perichoresis Volume 18.2 (2020): 73–94 DOI: 10.2478/perc-2020-0012 SUBSTANTIAL AND SUBSTANTIVE CORPOREALITY IN THE BODY DISCOURSES OF BHAKTI POETS YADAV SUMATI* PG Govt. College for Girls, Chandigarh, India ABSTRACT. This paper studies the representation of human corporeal reality in the discours- es of selected Bhakti poets of the late medieval period in India. Considering the historical background of the Bhakti movement and contemporary cultural milieu in which these mystic poets lived, their unique appropriation of the ancient concept of body is reviewed as revolu- tionary. The focus of the study is the Kabir Bijak, Surdas’s Vinay-Patrika, and Tulsidas’s Vinay- Patrika, wherein they look at and beyond the organic corporeality and encounter human body not as a socially, religiously, economically stamped noble body or lowly body; male body or female body, but a human body. This paper explores how, like existential phenomenologists, these poet/singers decode the material reality of human beings and link it to the highest goal of achieving Moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth-death) by making body a vulnerable but essential instrument towards spiritual awakening. The paper also reflects upon how these poets have suggested a middle path of absolute devotion to God while performing all earthly duties, seek spiritual enlightenment and avoid the extremities of asceticism and hedonism. KEYWORDS: corporeality, body, liberation, salvation, bhakti In this Kali Yug the body is full of woe, care, wickedness and diverse pains. Where there is steadfastness, peace and all purity, rise, Kabir, and meet it there. (Kabir) Those powerful rulers who had conquered the whole world, even made Yamraj (the God of death) their captive and tied him up—even they became the food of Kaal (Time), what do you count then? Contemplate and think about the whole matter seriously yourself—what is the truth, what is the reality. -
Origins of Sikhism
Origins of Sikhism The religion of a warlike sect of India, had its origin in the Punjab. Its centre is in the holy City of Aristae, where their sacred books are preserved and worshipped. The name Sikh signifies "disciple", and in later times the strict observants or elect were called the Khalsa. The founder of the sect, Nanak (now called Sri Guru Nanak Deva), a Hindu belonging to the Kshastrya caste, was born near Lahore in 1469 and died in 1539. Being from childhood of a religious turn of mind, he began to wander through various parts of India, and perhaps beyond it, and gradually matured a religious system which, revolting from the prevailing polytheism, ceremonialism, and caste-exclusiveness, took for its chief doctrines the oneness of God, salvation by faith and good works, and the equality and brotherhood of man. The new religion spread rapidly and, under the leadership of nine successive gurus or teachers soon became an active rival not only to the older Hinduism, but also the newer Mohammedanism of the reigning dynasties. The "disciples" were therefore somewhat ill-treated by the governing powers. This persecution only gave fresh determination to the sect, which gradually assumed a military character and took the name of Singhs or "champion warriors"; under Govind Sing, their tenth and last guru (b. 1660; d. 1708), who had been provoked by some severe ill-treatment of his family by the Moslem rulers, they began to wage active war on the Emperor of Delhi. But the struggle was unequal. The Sikhs were defeated and gradually driven back into the hills. -
A Brief History and Philosophy of the Sikh Reliqion
) CHAPTER ONB A BRIEF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE SIKH RELIQION 1 INTRODUCnOM Sikhiann is essentially a religion preadhing a particular way of life. I-t lays more emphasis on life and experience rather than on philosophical reasoning. It is therefore better understood as a way of life rather than a philosophy. However there can be no practice without a doctrine.^ftU^am also has its tenets and doctrine laid down in its holy book Sri Guru Granth Sahib which expoxinds the concept r^gaitdlttff the reality, the cosmos, the man and tJieir relatloiuftiip with each other From the very birth Sikhism had to face the political tyranny of the then rulers on the one hazKi, and opposition from tha closed society of upper caste and class Hladyui as it preadied against the Brahraanical ^ Hindu oode of 80<slal class structured discipline and religious rituals and forma- lian on tha other hand. It is due to this r«ason that Sikhiam emerged as a practical religion/ primarily laying stress on the way of life rather than philosophical rMison- ing. Therefore it is necessary that a glimpse of the historical facts regarding the origin, development and 1, Niharranjan Rays HAS, Volune I Vs **Slkhian and Xndiaa Society", pp. 4,5. - 2 - transformation of Sikhlam Is taken# before we study the various aspects of the Sikh philosophy. This chapter dealing with the brief history of Sikhs# Sri Guru Granth Sahib and the philosophy of Sikh religion has been included in the present work so as to give a synoptic view of the Sikh religion and to facilitate under standing of the arguments developed in order to elucidate the conc^ts of man and of world in Sikhiam. -
2021-2022 Gurpurabs and Path Sahib Ji Scheduled at the GSSWH (Updated 5/4/2021)
2021-2022 Gurpurabs and Path Sahib Ji scheduled at the GSSWH (Updated 5/4/2021) Celebration Gurpurab (SGPC Nanakshahi Calendar 2021 - 2022) Program at GSSWH Gurpurab Seva Sponsored by Parkash Sri Sehaj Path Sahib Ji Sehaj Path Sahib and Langar Seva: Sunday, January 9, 2022 Guru Gobind Singh Ji Bhog on SUNDAY, 1/9/2022 GSSWH Sangat (Open) Sehaj Path Sahib, Langar Seva and Vaisakhi Sri Sehaj Path Sahib Ji Tuesday, April 13, 2021 Nishan Sahib Seva: S. Baltej Singh & Mrs. Bhog on SUNDAY, 1/18/2021 Creation of the Khalsa Gurmeet Kaur 400th Prakash Purab of Sri Sri Sehaj Path Sahib Ji Sehaj Path Sahib and Langar Seva: Saturday, May 1, 2021 Guru Teg Bahabur Sahib Ji Bhog on SUNDAY, 5/2/2021 GSSWH Sangat and S. Amandeep Singh Sehaj Path Sahib and Langar Seva: Shaheedi Sri Sehaj Path Sahib Ji President, S. Bhajan S Dulai & Mrs. Rajinder Monday, June 14, 2021 Guru Arjan Dev Ji Bhog on SUNDAY, 6/20/21 K Dulai and Dr. Tarsem Singh & Mrs. Ravinder K Dulai 2021 Sri Akhand Path Sahib, Nishan Parkash Sri Akhand Path Sahib Ji Friday, November 19, 2021 Sahib Seva and 3-Day Langar Seva by FRIDAY, 11/19/2021 to SUNDAY, 11/21/2021 Guru Nanak Dev Ji Mrs. Charanjit Kaur Thiara & Family Shaheedi Sri Sehaj Path Sahib Ji Sehaj Path Sahib and Langar Seva: Tuesday, December 8, 2020 Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Bhog on SUNDAY, 12/12/2021 GSSWH Sangat (Open) Sri Sehaj Path Sahib Ji Sehaj Path Sahib and Langar Seva: Shaheedi Chaar Sahibzade TUE. 12/22/2021 and SUN. -
World Bank Document
f Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT ON GHAZI-GARIALA HYDROPOWER PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES Public Disclosure Authorized BY M.A.HALIM AND GULZARM. KHAN Public Disclosure Authorized DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT ON GHAZI-GARIALA HYDROPOWER PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES BY M.A. HALIM AND GULZAR M. KHAN DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN GRAZI-GARIALA HYDROPOWER PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREA 2 3. PHYSICAL FEATURES AND ENVIRONMENTS 2 4. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 3 5. KNOWN SITES IN THE PROJECT AREA 3 5.1 General 3 5.2 Palaeolithic Tool Sites 4 5.3 Petroglyphs 4 5.4 Buddhist Sites 4 5.5 Muslim Monuments 5 6. NEW DISCOVERIES 5 6.1 General 5 6.2 Palaeolithic Artefact (Cleaver) 5 6.3 Petroglyphs 6 6.4 Hasanpur 6 6.5 Musa II 7 6.6 Pindanwala Tibba 7 6.7 Musa I 8 6.8 Musa III 8 6.9 Patri near Dakhner 9 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9 7.1 Conclusions 9 7.2 Recommendations 9 REFERENCES (i) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Plates Description I Pool Area on River Indus II A Confluence of Indus and Haro Rivers II B Rock Outcrops at Kamra III Rock Outcrops at Dakhner IV Arid Area between Rumian and Dakhner V Fertile Plain of Chhachh VI Soft Sandy Area west of Kamra Village VII Palaeolithic Quartzite Tool VIII Erratic Boulders at Barotha IX A Erratic Boulder at Gariala IX B Erratic Boulder in the Bed near Indus-Haro Confluence X Erratic Boulder with Petroglyph at Gariala XI Details of Petroglyphic Figures on the Boulder at Gariala XII Work of Idle Grazers on Rocks near Khadi Baba XIII A Hasanpur. -
Gurbani and Nanakshahi Calendar (Pal Singh Purewal, Edmonton)
Gurbani And Nanakshahi Calendar (Pal Singh Purewal, Edmonton) Guru Nanak Sahib had spent almost a quarter of a century travelling and spreading the word in the world. Since most of his travels were on foot, he must have spent countless summer nights in the lap of nature. He observed physical phenomena, and his bani portrays some of them. It is true that his aim was not to highlight the phenomena but to impart true knowledge using them as a vehicle, since people could relate to them. From amongst such phenomena mention may be made of the formation of day and night, the month - lunar and solar, the year, the movement of the luminaries - the sun, the moon, and the stars, formation of seasons, the twelve months of the year, the tithi (lunar day), and the division of the day by man into smaller units of time such as pehar, muhurat, ghati,pal, visuaye, chasuaye, and yugas - the mega units of time. These units are the basic building blocks of Hindu calendars. Mention of these is made in Guru Granth Sahib. In Tukhari Raga Guru Sahib records the appearance of a comet in the sky. qwrw ciVAw lMmw ikau ndir inhwilAw rwm ] - pM: 1110 The Sun the moon and the stars While the sun represents heat and excitation, the moon represents coolness, comfort and solace. The sun also is dispeller of darkness and represents enlightenment due to experience of true knowledge. Sun’s apparent motion in the sky causes the formation of day and night and of seasons in the year.